scholarly journals Boarding Injuries: The Long and the Short of It

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Fabian ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Ray M. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Prospective Investigation

As the popularity of longboarding increases, trauma centers are treating an increased number of high severity injuries. Current literature lacks descriptions of the types of injuries experienced by longboarders, a distinct subset of the skateboarding culture. A retrospective review of longboarding and skateboarding injury cases was conducted at a level II trauma center from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011. Specific injuries in addition to high injury severity factors (hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), patient treatment options, disposition, and outcome) were calculated to compare longboarder to skateboarder injuries. A total of 824 patients met the inclusion criteria. Skull fractures, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly more common among longboard patients than skateboarders (P<0.0001). All patients with an ISS above 15 were longboarders. Hospital and ICU LOS in days was also significantly greater for longboarders compared with skateboarders (P<0.0001). Of the three patients that died, each was a longboarder and each experienced a head injury. Longboard injuries account for a higher incidence rate of severe head injuries compared to skateboard injuries. Our data show that further, prospective investigation into the longboarding population demographics and injury patterns is necessary to contribute to effective injury prevention in this population.

Long-Term Anesthetic-Dependent Hypoactivity after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adolescent Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette D. Semple ◽  
Raha Sadjadi ◽  
Jaclyn Carlson ◽  
Yiran Chen ◽  
Duan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBIs) culminate in neurological impairments and chronic neurodegeneration, which have wide-ranging implications for patient management and return-to-play decisions for athletes. Adolescents show a high prevalence of sports-related head injuries and may be particularly vulnerable to rmTBIs due to ongoing brain maturation. However, it remains unclear whether rmTBIs, below the threshold for acute neuronal injury or symptomology, influence long-term outcomes. To address this issue, we first defined a very mild injury in adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) as evidenced by an increase in Iba-1- labeled microglia in white matter in the acutely injured brain, in the absence of indices of cell death, axonal injury, and vasogenic edema. Using this level of injury severity and Avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol) as the anesthetic, we compared mice subjected to either a single mTBI or 2 rmTBIs, each separated by 48 h. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted at 1 week and at 1 and 3 months postimpact. Mice subjected to rmTBIs showed transient anxiety and persistent and pronounced hypoactivity compared to sham control mice, alongside normal sensorimotor, cognitive, social, and emotional function. As isoflurane is more commonly used than Avertin in animal models of TBI, we next examined long-term outcomes after rmTBIs in mice that were anesthetized with this agent. However, there was no evidence of abnormal behaviors even with the addition of a third rmTBI. To determine whether isoflurane may be neuroprotective, we compared the acute pathology after a single mTBI in mice anesthetized with either Avertin or isoflurane. Pathological findings were more pronounced in the group exposed to Avertin compared to the isoflurane group. These collective findings reveal distinct behavioral phenotypes (transient anxiety and prolonged hypoactivity) that emerge in response to rmTBIs. Our findings further suggest that selected anesthetics may confer early neuroprotection after rmTBIs, and as such mask long-term abnormal phenotypes that may otherwise emerge as a consequence of acute pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Injury Patterns between Electric Bicycle, Bicycle and Motorcycle Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Emilian Spörri ◽  
Sascha Halvachizadeh ◽  
Jamison G. Gamble ◽  
Till Berk ◽  
Florin Allemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Background: Electric bicycles (E-bikes) are an increasingly popular means of transport, and have been designed for a higher speed comparable to that of small motorcycles. Accident statistics show that E-bikes are increasingly involved in traffic accidents. To test the hypothesis of whether accidents involving E-bikes bear more resemblance to motorcycle accidents than conventional bicyclists, this study evaluates the injury pattern and severity of E-bike injuries in direct comparison to injuries involving motorcycle and bicycle accidents. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 1796 patients who were treated at a Level I Trauma Center between 2009 and 2018 due to traffic accident, involving bicycles, E-bikes or motorcycles, were evaluated and compared with regard to injury patterns and injury severity. Accident victims treated as inpatients at least 16 years of age or older were included in this study. Pillion passengers and outpatients were excluded. Results: The following distribution was found in the individual groups: 67 E-bike, 1141 bicycle and 588 motorcycle accidents. The injury pattern of E-bikers resembled that of bicyclists much more than that of motorcyclists. The patients with E-bike accidents were almost 14 years older and had a higher incidence of moderate traumatic brain injuries than patients with bicycle accidents, in spite of the fact that E-bike riders were nearly twice as likely to wear a helmet as compared to bicycle riders. The rate of pelvic injuries in E-bike accidents was twice as high compared with bicycle accidents, whereas the rate of upper extremity injuries was higher following bicycle accidents. Conclusion: The overall E-bike injury pattern is similar to that of cyclists. The differences in the injury pattern to motorcycle accidents could be due to the higher speeds at the time of the accident, the different protection and vehicle architecture. What is striking, however, is the higher age and the increased craniocerebral trauma of the E-bikers involved in accidents compared to the cyclists. We speculate that older and untrained people who have a slower reaction time and less control over the E-bike could benefit from head protection or practical courses similar to motorcyclists.

Non-accidental Trauma Injury Patterns and Outcomes: A Single Institutional Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Ward ◽  
Joseph A. Iocono ◽  
Samuel Brown ◽  
Phillip Ashley ◽  
John M. Draus
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Accidental Trauma ◽  
Trauma Population ◽  
Non Accidental Trauma

Non-accidental trauma (NAT) victims account for a significant percentage of our pediatric trauma population. We sought to better understand the injury patterns and outcomes of NAT victims who were treated at our level I pediatric trauma center. Trauma registry data were used to identify NAT victims between January 2008 and December 2012. Demographic data, injury severity, hospital course, and outcomes were evaluated. One hundred and eighty-eight cases of suspected NAT were identified. Children were mostly male and white. The median age was 1.1 years; the median Injury Severity Score was 9. Traumatic brain injuries, lower extremity fractures, and skull fractures were the most common injuries. Twenty-seven per cent required medical procedures; most were performed by orthopedic surgery. Twenty-four per cent required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. The median length of stay was two days. The mortality rate was 9.6 per cent. We generated a hot spot map of our catchment area and identified areas of our state where NAT occurs at increased rates. NAT victims sustain significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the severity of injuries, pediatric trauma surgeons should be involved in the evaluation and management of these children. Much work is needed to prevent the death and disability incurred by victims of child abuse.

The impact of posttraumatic seizures on 1-year neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome of head injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Haltiner ◽  
Nancy R. Temkin ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Sureyya S. Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Head Injury Severity ◽  
Posttraumatic Seizures

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of posttraumatic seizures and head injury severity to neuropsychological performance and psychosocial functioning in 210 adults who were prospectively followed and assessed 1 year after moderate to severe traumatic head injury. Eighteen percent (n = 38) of the patients experienced 1 or more late seizures (i.e., seizures occurring 8 or more days posttrauma) by the time of the 1-year followup. As expected, the head injured patients who experienced late posttraumatic seizures were those with the most severe head injuries, and they were significantly more impaired on the neuropsychological and psychosocial measures compared to those who remained seizure free. However, after the effects of head injury severity were controlled, there were no significant differences in neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome at 1 year as a function of having seizures. These findings suggest that worse outcomes in patients who develop posttraumatic seizures up to 1 year posttrauma largely reflect the effects of the brain injuries that cause seizures, rather than the effect of seizures. (JINS, 1996, 2, 494–504.)

scholarly journals Comparison of injury patterns between electric bicycle, bicycle and motorcycle accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Spörri ◽  
H -C Pape ◽  
T Rauer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Head Protection ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Abstract Objective Electric bicycles (E-bikes) are an increasingly popular means of transport, especially in the current Covid-19 pandemic situation. Accident statistics show that E-bikes are growingly involved in traffic accidents. This study evaluates the injury pattern and severity of E-bike injuries in direct comparison to injuries in motorcycle and bicycle accidents. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, the data of 1796 patients who were treated at a Level I Trauma Center between 2009 and 2018 due to traffic accident, involving bicycles, E-bikes or motorcycles, were evaluated and compared with regard to injury patterns and injury severity. Accident victims treated as inpatients with at least 16 years of age were included in this study. Pillion passengers and outpatients were excluded. Results The following distribution was found in the individual groups: 67 E-bike, 1141 bicycle and 588 motorcycle accidents. The injury pattern of E-bikers resembled that of bicyclists much more than that of motorcyclists. The patients with E-bike accidents were almost 14 years older and had a higher incidence of moderate traumatic brain injuries than patients with bicycle accidents. Considering the E-bike riders wore nearly twice as often a helmet as bicycle riders. In comparison, the motorcyclists involved in an accident had fewer facial injuries, but more frequent and more serious injuries to the spine, abdomen and lower extremities. Conclusion The overall E-bike injury pattern is similar to that of cyclists. The differences in the injury pattern to motorcycle accidents could be due to the higher speeds at the time of the accident, the different protection and vehicle architecture. What is striking, however, is the higher age and the increased craniocerebral trauma of the E-bikers involved in accidents compared to the cyclists. Older and untrained people who have a slower reaction time and less control over the E-bike could benefit from head protection or practical courses similar to motorcyclists.

Equestrian Trauma: Injury Patterns Vary among Age Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw W. Bilaniuk ◽  
John M. Adams ◽  
Louis T. DiFazio ◽  
Brian K. Siegel ◽  
John R. Allegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Trauma Injury

Patients with equestrian injuries were identified in the trauma registry from 2004 to 2007. We a priori divided patients into three groups: 0 to 18 years, 19 to 49 years, and 50 years old or older. There were 284 patients identified with equestrian-related trauma. Injury Severity Score for the three major age categories 0 to 18 years, 19 to 49 years, and 50 years or older, were 3.47, 5.09, and 6.27, respectively. The most common body region injured among all patients was the head (26.1%). The most common injuries by age group were: 0 to 18 years, upper extremity fractures; 19 to 49 year olds, concussions; and 50 years or older, rib fractures. Significant differences were observed among the three age groups in terms of percent of patients with rib fractures: percent of patients with rib fractures was 2, 8, and 22 per cent in age groups 0 to 18, 19 to 49, and 50 years or older, respectively. We found different patterns of injuries associated with equestrian accidents by age. Head injuries were commonly seen among participants in equestrian activities and helmet use should be promoted to minimize the severity of closed head injuries. Injury patterns also seem to vary among the various age groups that ride horses. This information could be used to better target injury prevention efforts among these patients.

scholarly journals Head Injuries in Urban Environment Skiing and Snowboarding: A Retrospective Study on Injury Severity and Injury Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stenroos ◽  
L. Handolin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Skiing Injuries

Background and Aim: During the last decade urban skiing and snowboarding has gained a lot of popularity. In urban skiing/snowboarding riders try to balance on handrails and jump off buildings. Previous studies in skiing and snowboarding accidents have mostly been conducted at hospitals located close to alpine terrain with big ski resort areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the types and severity of traumatic brain injuries occurring in small, suburban hills and in urban environment, and to characterize injury patterns to find out the specific mechanisms of injuries behind. Materials and Methods: This study included all patients admitted to the Helsinki University Hospital Trauma Unit from 2006 to 2015 with a head injury (ICD 10 S06-S07) from skiing or snowboarding accidents in Helsinki capital area. Head injuries that did not require a CT-scan, and injuries older than 24 hours were excluded from this study. Results: There were a total of 72 patients that met the inclusion criteria Mean length of stay in hospital was 2.95 days. According to the AIS classification, 30% had moderate, 14% had severe, and 10% had critical head injuries. Patients who got injured in terrain parks or on streets where more likely to be admitted to ICU than those injured on slopes. Based on GOS score at discharge, 78% were classified as having a good recovery from the injury, 13% had a moderate disability, 5% had a severe disability and 3% of the injuries were fatal. There were no statistically significant differences in decreased GOS between the accident sites. Conclusion: Head injuries occurring in small suburban hills and in urban environments can be serious and potentially fatal. The profile and severity of skiing injuries in urban environments and small, suburban hills is comparable to those on alpine terrain.

scholarly journals All-terrain vehicle major injury patterns in children: a five-year review in Southwestern Ontario

CJEM ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alawi ◽  
Tim Lynch ◽  
Rod Lim
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Major Injury ◽  
London Health

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to characterize the nature of the injuries sustained by children involved in all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes in Southwestern Ontario over a 5-year period.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted of children who sustained ATV-related trauma and who presented to the emergency department at the Children's Hospital of Western Ontario between Sept. 1, 1998, and Aug. 31, 2003, with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 12. Patients were identified by the London Health Sciences Centre Trauma Program Registry. Patient charts were then retrieved and reviewed to record patient demographics, injuries, interventions and length of stay in hospital.Results:Seventeen patients, 14 male and 3 female, met inclusion criteria. Ages ranged from 8–17 years, with an average age of 13.7 years. Thirteen were &lt;16 years of age. Overall there were 7 different systems injured in these 17 patients. Fourteen patients sustained an injury to more than 1 system. The average ISS was 22.8. The average length of hospital stay was 9.7 days. Six patients sustained significant head injuries; 4 of these 6 patients were not wearing helmets. Eight patients suffered splenic injuries, and 3 required a splenectomy. Thirteen patients sustained fractures.Conclusions:ATV trauma is a significant threat to the children in Southwestern Ontario. These results clearly support the Canadian Paediatric Society's recommendation that children &lt;16 years of age should be prohibited from operating or riding on ATVs.

scholarly journals Head Impact Situations in Professional Football (Soccer)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. E37-E44
Author(s):  
Florian Beaudouin ◽  
Daniel Demmerle ◽  
Christoph Fuhr ◽  
Tobias Tröß ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Video Recordings

AbstractTo assess head impact incidents (HIIs) and to distinguish diagnosed head injuries from other incidents, a video observation analysis of match HIIs was conducted in the German Bundesliga (2017/18 season). Video recordings of each match were screened to identify the respective events. Head injury data were identified by a prospective injury registry. HII and head injury incidence rates (IR) were calculated with 95% CIs. The total number of HIIs was 1,362 corresponding to an IR of 134.9/1000 match hours (95% CI 127.9–142.2). In 123 HII (IR 12.2, 95% CI 10.2–14.5) the contact was classified as severe. Head contact with the opponent was the most frequent cause (85%). The most frequent mechanism was in 44% (combined) the arm and elbow-to-head, followed by head-to-head and hand-to-head contacts (each 13%). In 58%, the HIIs occurred during header duels. Twenty-nine head injuries were recorded (IR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–4.1). Concussions/traumatic brain injuries accounted for 48%, head/facial fractures 24%, head/facial contusions 21%, and lacerations/abrasions 7%. The number of HIIs not classified as concussions/more severe trauma was high. Identification of HIIs and head injury severity should be improved during on-field assessment as many head injuries might go unrecognised based on the large number of HIIs.

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