scholarly journals The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and its Implications for a Research Agenda for Digital Preservation

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (84) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Architecture ◽  
Organizational Needs

Legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress in December 2000 allocates funding to the Library of Congress to lead the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). The collaborative initiative is focused on materials created primarily in digital form for which there are no analogue representations and which users experience as digital products, sometimes known as "born digital". The investigators have consulted with numerous parties in public, private and not-for profit entities and have defined the "infrastructure" as having two major components: a preservation network of individuals and a technical architecture that provides coherence to localized efforts to archive digital works but is able to accommodate change as technologies advance and organizational needs evolve. This article describes the progress of the initiative and its implications for near and long term research. A striking feature of the research is the integration of technology and organization. The program emphasizes collaboration among a wide range of partners, looking toward solutions that can accommodate multiple and disparate requirements, and communication and outreach to many communities and the public.

Artificially making Lifeform

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1290-1295
Author(s):  
Souvik Das
Keyword(s):  
Medical Community ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract: The word ‘life’ is a mysterious word with a chart of attributes that have neither been completed nor has been agreed upon by the race of humans. Probably the proper definition of life is impossible to identify for humans (the proof for this claim is given later) but the handbook to the secret shall be updated till the end, thanks to the inquisitive attitude of humans. For this piece, we shall adopt the description from the professional medical community of today. Though this topic falls midway between science and philosophy, this project is strictly technical. To quote dictionary.com, Life is the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, reproduction and the power of adaptation to environment- through changes originating internally; cambridge.com teaches Life is the period between birth and death, or the experience or state of being alive; medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com states Life is the property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organisms. There are several other definitions but to summarize, we can safely state that though the concept is somewhat vague, we could indeed point out some common principles. We shall, in this project, try to replicate the characteristics so as to attain life in medical terms. (The order does not base upon importance of the listed character since the characters, all of them are absolute essentials and cannot possibly be categorized as more or less important). 1) Metabolism 2) Growth 3) Adaptability 4) Birth 5) Death 6) Self-stimulated response to environment 7) Reproduction 8) Can sustain self without foreign intervention Keywords: artificial, life, intelligence, computer, programming, algorithm This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Anna M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundExpert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.AimsThis review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice.MethodA narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines.ResultsThe Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses.ConclusionFurther work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries.Declaration of interestA.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.

1. The nature of marketing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kenneth Le Meunier-FitzHugh
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Service Marketing ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Consumer Marketing ◽  
Business To Business

This chapter discusses the nature and origins of marketing. Marketing covers a wide range of essential business activities which ensure that customers can obtain the products and services that they want and need, when and how they want them. The most common applications of marketing are consumer marketing, business-to-business marketing, service marketing, not-for-profit marketing, and international marketing. Since the 1960s, marketing has used the four Ps of Price, Place, Product, and Promotion to deliver its marketing objectives and this has now been expanded to include another three Ps of People, Physical Evidence, and Process. The chapter also includes an assessment of what is customer value.

Animal Spirits or Engaging Spirits?

2017 ◽  
pp. 223-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Besana
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Social

After having discussed the contemporary importance of the not-for-profit and social economy, the chapter builds on a cluster analysis of performances and roles of grant-making foundations, who are the essential node of the cooperation and coopetitiveness, today. This chapter aims to present worldwide grant-making foundations for their performances and profiling according to the latest accounting data and mission reports, which collect results of their projects according to the classification of pure grant-making, networking, leadership, partnership and pooling. With this in mind, the chapter adopts a typical approach of cluster analysis of industrial organization. The cluster analysis emphasizes the profiling of the sample and it allows to separate groups with significant features. The main focus remains on the issues of the finance of the social economy, when the Public Welfare State is too much indebted. Complementary and substitute roles of the Private Welfare State can emerge for the support the not-for-profit economy.

The Night Ministry: Facing the Loss of a Founder

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anne Cohn Donnelly ◽  
Sara Lo
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Succession Plan ◽  
Senior Vice President ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Major Donors

Paul Hamann was senior vice president of The Night Ministry, a Chicago-based not-for-profit organization. In October 2003 he received a phone call from the wife of the Reverend Tom Behrens, the founding president and the public face of the organization. She told Hamann that Behrens had suffered a massive stroke and that doctors were unsure of his prognosis. Behrens had been walking the streets of run-down Chicago neighborhoods since 1976, looking for people in despair, listening to their needs, and offering them a helping hand and a consoling presence. In the intervening twenty-seven years, he had built The Night Ministry into a well-known organization that helped thousands of adults and youth every year. No succession plan, if one existed, had ever been conveyed to senior management. Now Hamann was unsure when or even if Behrens would be able to work again. If Behrens returned to work, would he be able to continue to lead the organization? If not, who would lead The Night Ministry going forward, even if it were just for the near term, and who would make that decision? How would the community and major donors react to a new leader?Understand Founder's Syndrome and why it is unique to the nonprofit industry

scholarly journals Plant Breeders' Rights Licensing in Smallholder Farming: Observations From Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Peter Munyi ◽  
Bram De Jonge ◽  
Neils Louwaars
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Breeders Rights

Focusing on Kenya as an example of a market where food production is mostly for subsistence purposes, this article seeks to establish whether licensing of plant breeders’ rights is a mechanism that can facilitate access to seeds and planting material to smallholder farmers. Through a case study method and qualitative interviews of a wide range of stakeholders, it was found that licensing strategies that are employed in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya usually involve some form of market differentiation. This is in order to ensure that the targeted beneficiary is reached. It was also found that whatever licensing strategy is employed, each has some advantages and disadvantages. Further, not-for-profit technology brokers have emerged with a view to absorb some costs in the licensing process which are otherwise out of reach for smallholder farmers. Breeders also waive some of their rights with respect to protected varieties. The article concludes that the use of licensing as a tool to facilitate access to seeds and planting material for smallholder farmers in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya has received little attention and only involves very few commercial crops.  Where breeders choose to waive some of their rights, they should let farmers know so as to create legal certainty on utilization of accessed varieties. 

Model Cooperative Efforts between the Public and Private Agency

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
A. Gidget Hopf
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Private Agency ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
State Office ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
Visually Handicapped

In New York State, an effective and cooperative relationship exists between the Council of Agency Administrators— comprising 17 not-for-profit agencies—and the Commission for the Blind and Visually Handicapped. This paper examines the role of each organization and hopes for future collaborative plans, including calls from the agencies for a combined state Office of Rehabilitation Services.

scholarly journals Fraud at the Public Park Community School District

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Rania Mousa
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Community School ◽  
Public Park ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit

ABSTRACT This case study examines potentially fraudulent activities that took place in the Public Park Community School District. Students start their investigations by reading each section and answering case questions. Students analyze potentially fraudulent incidents, identify red flags, calculate potential losses, examine deficiencies in internal controls and suggest effective internal controls. Student feedback indicates the case increased their understanding of fraudulent activities, internal control weaknesses, and effective internal controls in the specific context of public school districts. The findings also highlight the importance of cultivating a strong internal control environment in not-for-profit organizations engaging in fundraising activities.

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