scholarly journals Dehydration of bioethanol with both pure ionic liquids and an ionic liquid anchored to mesoporous silica: A comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz A. Carreño-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Relative Volatility ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mesoporous Sio2

Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of different raw materials; anhydrous ethanol is used as biofuel. This article reports the study of the dehydration of bioethanol by breaking the azeotrope, using ionic liquids as entrainers. Three ionic liquids (LIs) [EMIM][Cl], [EMIM][OAc], and [BMIM][Cl] were tested as entrainers; the behavior of ternary mixes of bioethanol-water-LI were evaluated through the activity coefficients and the relative volatility of bioethanol at 80°C and atmospheric pressure. In this first study it was concluded that the [EMIM][Cl] was the most effective IL for dehydration purposes: bioethanol (93.45 % v/v) after three cycles of extraction was (99.20 % v/v) when a mass ratio bioethanol-IL of 0.55 was used. Based on the first study, a composite was prepared by anchoring the LI 1-ethyl-(3-trimethoxysilil) propyl imidazolium chloride to mesoporous SiO2. The composite was characterized and it has been confirmed that there is a covalent bond between the IL and the matrix. The material was tested as dehydrating agent; results of these two studies were compared and showed that the pure ionic liquids could be used as entrainers in extractive distillations, breaking water-ethanol azeotrope, also showing the same ionic liquids able to be anchored to matrices as solid composites for dehydration, offering additional advantages such as selectivity, less time consuming, recyclability, and significantly diminishes (84%), the requirement for the amount of the IL.

Synthesis and Characterization of Super-Molecular Ionic Liquids

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 906-910
Author(s):  
Hui Ru Liu ◽  
Li Qiang Lv ◽  
Xing Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molecular Ion

This study concerned a novel super-molecular ionic liquid synthesized by ammonium thiocyanate and caprolactam. The physical characters such as melting point and electric conductivity were investigated. Results showed that the melting point is -12.2°C at the molar ratio of 3:1 (caprolactam/ammonium thiocyanate), which is much lower than raw materials. The electric conductivities of synthesized ionic liquids were close to that of imidazole ILs. The structure of ionic liquid was characterized by IR,1HNMR and quantum chemical calculations. It was shown that the NH4+cation connected with caprolactam organic molecules by hydrogen bonds, leading to the forming of a super-molecular ion. The electrostatic attraction of super-molecular ion with anion was decreased because of the larger volume of super-molecular ion than original cation, thus the melting point decreased. The key properties that distinguish super-molecular ionic liquid from other ILs were the presence of supermolecular ion, which can be used to build up a hydrogen-bonded network. This type ion liquid was named as super-molecular ion liquid.

scholarly journals Extraction of S- and N-Compounds from the Mixture of Hydrocarbons by Ionic Liquids as Selective Solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Gabrić ◽  
Aleksandra Sander ◽  
Marina Cvjetko Bubalo ◽  
Dejan Macut
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Selective Solvents ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Model Fuel ◽  
Liquid Model ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
N Compounds

Liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative method that can be used for desulfurization and denitrification of gasoline and diesel fuels. Recent approaches employ different ionic liquids as selective solvents, due to their general immiscibility with gasoline and diesel, negligible vapor pressure, and high selectivity to sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. For that reason, five imidazolium-based ionic liquids and one pyridinium-based ionic liquid were selected for extraction of thiophene, dibenzothiophene, and pyridine from two model solutions. The influences of hydrodynamic conditions, mass ratio, and number of stages were investigated. Increasing the mass ratio of ionic liquid/model fuel and multistage extraction promotes the desulfurization and denitrification abilities of the examined ionic liquids. All selected ionic liquids can be reused and regenerated by means of vacuum evaporation.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid pretreatment of stinging nettle stems and giant miscanthus for bioethanol production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Smuga-Kogut ◽  
Daria Szymanowska-Powałowska ◽  
Roksana Markiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Piskier ◽  
Tomasz Kogut
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Giant Miscanthus

AbstractProduction of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is considered the most promising proposition for developing a sustainable and carbon–neutral energy system. The use of renewable raw materials and variability of lignocellulosic feedstock generating hexose and pentose sugars also brings advantages of the most abundant, sustainable and non-food competitive biomass. Great attention is now paid to agricultural wastes and overgrowing plants as an alternative to fast-growing energetic crops. The presented study explores the use of stinging nettle stems, which have not been treated as a source of bioethanol. Apart from being considered a weed, stinging nettle is used in pharmacy or cosmetics, yet its stems are always a non-edible waste. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of pretreatment using imidazolium- and ammonium-based ionic liquids, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation of stinging nettle stems, and comparison of such a process with giant miscanthus. Raw and ionic liquid-pretreated feedstocks of stinging nettle and miscanthus were subjected to compositional analysis and scanning electron microscopy to determine the pretreatment effect. Next, the same conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were applied to both crops to explore the stinging nettle stems potential in the area of bioethanol production. The study showed that the pretreatment of both stinging nettle and miscanthus with imidazolium acetates allowed for increased availability of the critical lignocellulosic fraction. The use of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate in the pretreatment of stinging nettle allowed to obtain very high ethanol concentrations of 7.3 g L−1, with 7.0 g L−1 achieved for miscanthus. Results similar for both plants were obtained for 1-ethyl-3-buthylimidazolium acetate. Moreover, in the case of ammonium ionic liquids, even though they have comparable potential to dissolve cellulose, it was impossible to depolymerize lignocellulose and extract lignin. Furthermore, they did not improve the efficiency of the hydrolysis process, which in turn led to low alcohol concentration. Overall, from the presented results, it can be assumed that the stinging nettle stems are a very promising bioenergy crop.

Study on the Chemical Modification of Cellulose in Ionic Liquid with Maleic Anhydride

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Li ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Xuan Zhong ◽  
Xin Da Li ◽  
Magdi E. Gibril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mass Ratio

Dissolution and regeneration of cotton cellulose using ionic liquids as solvent was investigated. In this paper, modification of celluloses with maleic anhydride (MA) was carried out in ionic liquid,1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(AmimCl).The maleylation celluloses with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.85and 1.46 were accessible in IL. The effects of reaction time, temperature and mass ratio of the MA in cellulose were investigated. These maleylation celluloses were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments showed that the optimal conditions for grafting were: mass ratio of maleic anhydride and cotton cellulose 0.8; reaction time of 90 min; temperature of 80 °C.

scholarly journals Rationalizing the role of the anion in CO2 capture and conversion using imidazolium-based ionic liquid modified mesoporous silica

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (79) ◽  
pp. 64220-64227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Aquino ◽  
F. L. Bernard ◽  
J. V. Borges ◽  
L. Mafra ◽  
F. Dalla Vecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
Supported Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mcm 41

Covalently supported ionic liquids in mesoporous materials were prepared by grafting 1-methyl-3-(3-trimethoxysylilpropyl)imidazolium chloride in MCM-41.

scholarly journals Electrospun Silk-Cellulose Composite Nanomaterials Using Ionic Liquid Regenerated Films

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ashley Rivera-Galletti ◽  
Ye Xue ◽  
Stacy Love ◽  
David Salas de la Cruz ◽  
Xiao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Composite Nanomaterials ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

Electrospinning is a widely used technique to draw recalcitrant biopolymer solutions into micro to nanoscale materials in a simple and economical way. The first focus of this research involved using ionic liquids as a non-volatile solvent for natural insoluble biopolymers such as silk and cellulose (or cellulose derivatives). Compared to traditional organic solvents, ionic liquids can dissolve biopolymers without altering the molecular weight of the biopolymer. In this study, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidizolium acetate (EMIMAc) ionic liquid was used and the regenerated films were coagulated in baths of EtOH or water. The second focus of this research explored the dissolution of IL-regenerated composites into organic solvents and their electrospun composite nanomaterials. Various ratios of silk-cellulose bio-composite films regenerated from ionic liquids were used as the raw materials and sequentially dissolved/dispersed into a Formic Acid-CaCl2 solution in order to initiate the electrospinning of silk-cellulose nanomaterials. Because of the variability of ionic liquids, the nanomaterials produced using this technique have unique and tunable properties such as large surface area to volume ratios and low structural defects. FTIR and SEM results suggest that the structure and morphology of the final nanosized samples becomes more globular when the biopolymer composition ratio has increased cellulose content. TGA results demonstrated that the electrospun materials have better thermal stability than the original films. This two-step electrospinning method, using ionic liquid as a non-volatile solvent to first dissolve and mix raw natural materials, may lead to extensive research into its biomedical and pharmaceutical applications in the future.

Study of Effect of Water on the Physicochemical Properties of 1-Buthyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Cai Tian ◽  
Han Kun Feng ◽  
Jin Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Electrochemical Window ◽  
The Relationship

The density, viscosity, conductivity and the electrochemical window of 1-buthyl-3-methyl- imidazolium Chloride ionic liquids([Bmim]Cl) and its water mixture have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. It was found that the density and conductivity of [Bmim]Cl/water, increase with the increase the water concentration at the same temperature, whereas the viscosity and electrochemical windows of [Bmim]Cl/water decrease. The viscosity of pure ionic liquids decreases with the increase of the temperature, whereas the conductivity increases. The relationship between the conductivity and the temperature agrees well with the Arrhenius equation k=k∞exp[-Ea/kBT] and the active energy of conduction is determined accordingly.

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid and its Application in Duabanga Grandiflora Wood Powder as Green Solvent

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Ft Ir

In this paper, a kind of imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ( [BMIM]Cl) was synthesized, and the chemical structures of the ionic liquids were characterizaed by FT-IR and NMR. The solubilities of the ionic liquid for duabanga grandiflora powder activated with different modified conditions were studied respectively. Dissolution rate of wood pretreated with about 25% NaOH solution was the best , due to the reduction of the hydrogen bond applied force. The chemical structure and crystal behavior of duabanga grandiflorar powder before and after dissolution were analyzed by FT-IR and XRD, respectively. The dissolution mechanism has also been discussed. The results showed that the ionic liquids had a good solubility for cellulose in activated duabanga grandiflorar powder. Micrographs of the original wood powder，regenerated wood powder and the residua were quite different from each others. The regenerated wood appeared some micro voids special construction.

Delayed release of a fragrance from novel ionic liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico M. Ferrero Vallana ◽  
Lynette A. M. Holland ◽  
Kenneth R. Seddon ◽  
Oreste Todini
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
The World

We present a new technology based on delayed release of perfume raw materials from new-to-the-world binary ionic liquid mixtures.

scholarly journals SBA-15 Modified with Tethered Ionic Liquids Applied in the Esterification of Valeric Acid with Pentanol—Towards Cellulosic Biofuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Lisa Mullins ◽  
James A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
Counter Ion ◽  
Nh3 Adsorption ◽  
Mesoporous Sio2

Two catalysts are prepared by tethering ionic liquid cation components (1-(propyl-3-sulfonate)-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) imidazolium) with either chloride or sulphate anions, to the surface of a mesoporous SiO2 material through a condensation reaction. These are characterized using elemental analysis, TGA-MS, FTIR (and D-FTIR), TEM, physisorption and NH3 adsorption (TPD and FTIR), and applied in the valeric acid + pentanol esterification reaction to form the sustainable biodiesel Pentyl Valerate. The material containing the sulfate counter-ion was significantly more active than the chloride analogue.

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