scholarly journals Assessment of the effectiveness of the NIR imaging systems applied to diagnose early dental lesions

10.29007/6nx7 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hai Mien Pham ◽  
Manh Cuong Hoang ◽  
My Nhat Truong Thi ◽  
Khac Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Phuoc An Truong Thi
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Dental Lesions

In recent years, oral problems are receiving more attention from not only experts but also almost people. If tooth lesions in the early stages, such as white spots, hidden dental caries, and tooth decay, etc., are not detected and treated promptly, they will lead to a risk of tooth loss. There are several common methods to detect tooth lesions such as clinical method, X-rays, and particularly near-infrared method, which is being developed significantly during the past decades. This method is substantially efficient for detecting early lesions by observing infrared images of tooth structures. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) light at 850 nm was used for detecting dental lesions. Enamel is nearly translucent in NIR light, so the lesions located under the enamel layer can be observed due to the interaction between NIR light and demineralized lesions. In addition, the NIR method is not only a safe method but also able to detect dental lesions at the early stage and tooth cracks which X-rays are limited to detect. In dentistry, an accurate diagnosis requires a combination of methods. Nowadays, X-rays are not only the common method but also the gold standard in dentistry, so this study incorporated clinical evaluation and X-rays to make the criteria for dental lesion diagnosis. This article has aimed to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the NIR imaging systems in detecting dental lesions and compare the NIR method to the clinical method combined with X-rays by Cohen's Kappa coefficient using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

scholarly journals Design and manufacture of a device using transillumination and scattering near-infrared techniques for detecting dental lesions

10.29007/pj2r ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hai Mien Pham ◽  
Khac Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Phuoc An Truong Thi ◽  
My Nhat Truong Thi ◽  
Minh Huong Nguyen Thi
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Dental Lesions ◽  
Infrared Techniques

In dentistry, near-infrared (NIR) technology has been studied for decades that is being applied for the detection of dental damages without using ionizing radiation. Based on the interaction between dental tissue and NIR light such as transmission, absorption, and scattering, the teeth structure, and dental lesions can be observed by NIR images. The aim of this study was to build the dental diagnostic device using NIR light at 850-nm wavelength for detecting the early and hidden dental damages, that are not observed by X-rays. According to the various types of teeth samples, the transillumination and the scattering methods were designed and applied for capturing the teeth structures. The transillumination technique was used for thin teeth such as incisor and canine while the scattering system for observing the occlusal surface. The results show that the areas suspected to be the demineralized enamel are distinctly distinguished from the surrounding sound tissues and especially, the stain and pigmentation don’t appear in the NIR image. The designed device meets some requirements such as simple setup, safety, and affordable price for the purpose of replacement of imported equipment.

scholarly journals Detection of early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus using lectin-based near-infrared imaging: an ex vivo study on human tissue

Endoscopy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Neves ◽  
Massimiliano Di Pietro ◽  
Maria O’Donovan ◽  
Dale Waterhouse ◽  
Sarah Bohndiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Nir Fluorescence ◽  
Nir Dye

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is limited by long procedure times and sampling error. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging minimizes tissue autofluorescence and optical scattering. We assessed the feasibility of a topically applied NIR dye-labeled lectin for the detection of early neoplasia in BE in an ex vivo setting. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for BE-related early neoplasia were recruited. Freshly collected EMR specimens were sprayed at the bedside with fluorescent lectin and then imaged. Punch biopsies were collected from each EMR under NIR light guidance. We compared the fluorescence intensity from dysplastic and nondysplastic areas within EMRs and from punch biopsies with different histological grades. Results 29 EMR specimens were included from 17 patients. A significantly lower fluorescence was found for dysplastic regions across whole EMR specimens (P < 0.001). We found a 41 % reduction in the fluorescence of dysplastic compared to nondysplastic punch biopsies (P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity for dysplasia detection of 80 % and 82.9 %, respectively. Conclusion Lectin-based NIR imaging can differentiate dysplastic from nondysplastic Barrett’s mucosa ex vivo.

scholarly journals Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging of Jets and Outflows

2000 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Ji Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Young Stellar Objects ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Jets And Outflows ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Bow Shocks ◽  
Hh Objects

Jets and outflows are typical manifestations of the stellar mass loss process during the early stage of star formation. Optical and near-infrared (NIR) imaging of jets and outflows has become extremely popular recently, especially concerning large-scale surveys of Herbig-Haro (HH) objects, NIR imaging of jets and outflows driven by both low- and high-mass stars, and detailed imaging of jets and bow shocks at sub-arcsec resolution.Optical and IR observations of jets and outflows have revealed (1) cavities evacuated by the outflow motion; (2) bow shocks inside and near the surface of the jets and outflows; (3) exciting sources; (4) circumstellar disks responsible for collimating the jets and outflows; (5) sometimes a cluster instead of a single source from which the jets and outflows initiate; (6) bursts of jets and outflows in some regions. Large-scale surveys of HH objects and outflows have been done in a number of nearby regions including Taurus, Orion, and Perseus. The prominent results of these studies range from the discovery of parsec-scale jets and outflows to their large-scale distribution. These studies also begin to reveal the relation between outflow activity and the large-scale distribution of young stellar objects.

scholarly journals Parathyroid Autofluorescence—How Does It Affect Parathyroid and Thyroid Surgery? A 5 Year Experience

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Ladurner ◽  
Maximilian Lerchenberger ◽  
Norah Al Arabi ◽  
Julia K. S. Gallwas ◽  
Herbert Stepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Blue Channel ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Xenon Light Source ◽  
Xenon Light

Injury to parathyroid glands during thyroid and parathyroid surgery is common and postoperative hypoparathyroidism represents a serious complication. Parathyroid glands possess a unique autofluorescence in the near-infrared spectrum which could be used for their identification and protection at an early stage of the operation. In the present study parathyroid autofluorescence was visualized intraoperatively using a standard Storz laparoscopic near-infrared/indocyanine green (NIR/ICG) imaging system with minor modifications to the xenon light source (filtered to emit 690 nm to 790 nm light, less than 1% in the red and green above 470 nm and no blue light). During exposure to NIR light parathyroid tissue was expected to show autofluorescence at 820 nm, captured in the blue channel of the camera. Over a period of 5 years, we investigated 205 parathyroid glands from 117 patients. 179 (87.3%) glands were correctly identified by their autofluorescence. Surrounding structures such as thyroid, lymph nodes, muscle, or adipose tissue did not reveal substantial autofluorescence. We conclude that parathyroid glands can be identified by their unique autofluorescence at an early stage of the operation. This may help to preserve these fragile structures and their vascularization and lower the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia.

Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Near-Infrared Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stafford ◽  
Dowon Ahn ◽  
Emily Raulerson ◽  
Kun-You Chung ◽  
Kaihong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Emission Quenching

Driving rapid polymerizations with visible to near-infrared (NIR) light will enable nascent technologies in the emerging fields of bio- and composite-printing. However, current photopolymerization strategies are limited by long reaction times, high light intensities, and/or large catalyst loadings. Improving efficiency remains elusive without a comprehensive, mechanistic evaluation of photocatalysis to better understand how composition relates to polymerization metrics. With this objective in mind, a series of methine- and aza-bridged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized and systematically characterized to elucidate key structure-property relationships that facilitate efficient photopolymerization driven by visible to NIR light. For both BODIPY scaffolds, halogenation was shown as a general method to increase polymerization rate, quantitatively characterized using a custom real-time infrared spectroscopy setup. Furthermore, a combination of steady-state emission quenching experiments, electronic structure calculations, and ultrafast transient absorption revealed that efficient intersystem crossing to the lowest excited triplet state upon halogenation was a key mechanistic step to achieving rapid photopolymerization reactions. Unprecedented polymerization rates were achieved with extremely low light intensities (< 1 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) and catalyst loadings (< 50 μM), exemplified by reaction completion within 60 seconds of irradiation using green, red, and NIR light-emitting diodes.

The Role of NIR Fluorescence in MDR Cancer Treatment: From Targeted Imaging to Phototherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (33) ◽  
pp. 5510-5529
Author(s):  
Zengtao Wang ◽  
Qingqing Meng ◽  
Shaoshun Li
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Nir Dyes ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Drug Efflux Pumps

Background: Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is defined as a cross-resistance of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutics and has been demonstrated to correlate with drug efflux pumps. Visualization of drug efflux pumps is useful to pre-select patients who may be insensitive to chemotherapy, thus preventing patients from unnecessary treatment. Near-Infrared (NIR) imaging is an attractive approach to monitoring MDR due to its low tissue autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration. Molecular NIR imaging of MDR cancers requires stable probes targeting biomarkers with high specificity and affinity. Objective: This article aims to provide a concise review of novel NIR probes and their applications in MDR cancer treatment. Results: Recently, extensive research has been performed to develop novel NIR probes and several strategies display great promise. These strategies include chemical conjugation between NIR dyes and ligands targeting MDR-associated biomarkers, native NIR dyes with inherent targeting ability, activatable NIR probes as well as NIR dyes loaded nanoparticles. Moreover, NIR probes have been widely employed for photothermal and photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment, which combine with other modalities to overcome MDR. With the rapid advancing of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles are incorporated with NIR dyes to provide multifunctional platforms for controlled drug delivery and combined therapy to combat MDR. The construction of these probes for MDR cancers targeted NIR imaging and phototherapy will be discussed. Multimodal nanoscale platform which integrates MDR monitoring and combined therapy will also be encompassed. Conclusion: We believe these NIR probes project a promising approach for diagnosis and therapy of MDR cancers, thus holding great potential to reach clinical settings in cancer treatment.

Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Xiong ◽  
Qinghuan Bian ◽  
Shuijin Lei ◽  
Yatian Deng ◽  
Kehan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Key Factor

Near-infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal cancer therapy using nanomaterials as photothermal agents has attracted considerable research interest over the past few years. As the key factor in the photothermal therapy...

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Dorsal Vein Network of Hand Imaging Using Relative Total Variation-Based Regularization for Smoothing Technique in a Miniaturized Vein Imaging System: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuseok Kim ◽  
Hyun-Woo Jeong ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Evaluation Performance ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Évaluation Performance ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Relative Total Variation

Vein puncture is commonly used for blood sampling, and accurately locating the blood vessel is an important challenge in the field of diagnostic tests. Imaging systems based on near-infrared (NIR) light are widely used for accurate human vein puncture. In particular, segmentation of a region of interest using the obtained NIR image is an important field, and research for improving the image quality by removing noise and enhancing the image contrast is being widely conducted. In this paper, we propose an effective model in which the relative total variation (RTV) regularization algorithm and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) are combined, whereby some major edge information can be better preserved. In our previous study, we developed a miniaturized NIR imaging system using light with a wavelength of 720–1100 nm. We evaluated the usefulness of the proposed algorithm by applying it to images acquired by the developed NIR imaging system. Compared with the conventional algorithm, when the proposed method was applied to the NIR image, the visual evaluation performance and quantitative evaluation performance were enhanced. In particular, when the proposed algorithm was applied, the coefficient of variation was improved by a factor of 15.77 compared with the basic image. The main advantages of our algorithm are the high noise reduction efficiency, which is beneficial for reducing the amount of undesirable information, and better contrast. In conclusion, the applicability and usefulness of the algorithm combining the RTV approach and CLAHE for NIR images were demonstrated, and the proposed model can achieve a high image quality.

Development of a Novel SNAP-Epitope Tag/Near-Infrared Imaging Assay to Quantify G Protein-Coupled Receptor Degradation in Human Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 247255522097979
Author(s):  
Kyung-Soon Lee ◽  
Edelmar Navaluna ◽  
Nicole M. Marsh ◽  
Eric M. Janezic ◽  
Chris Hague
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Epitope Tag ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
G Protein Coupled

We have developed a novel reporter assay that leverages SNAP-epitope tag/near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology to monitor G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) degradation in human cell lines. N-terminal SNAP-tagged GPCRs were subcloned and expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and then subjected to 24 h of cycloheximide (CHX)-chase degradation assays to quantify receptor degradation half-lives ( t1/2) using LICOR NIR imaging–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Thus far, we have used this method to quantify t1/2 for all nine adrenergic (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3), five somatostatin (SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5), four chemokine (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5), and three 5-HT2 (5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT2C) receptor subtypes. SNAP-GPCR-CHX degradation t1/2 values ranged from 0.52 h (ADRA1D) to 5.5 h (SSTR3). On the contrary, both the SNAP-tag alone and SNAP-tagged and endogenous β-actin were resistant to degradation with CHX treatment. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib produced significant but variable increases in SNAP-GPCR protein expression levels, indicating that SNAP-GPCR degradation primarily occurs through the proteasome. Remarkably, endogenous β2-adrenergic receptor/ADRB2 dynamic mass redistribution functional responses to norepinephrine were significantly decreased following CHX treatment, with a time course equivalent to that observed with the SNAP-ADRB2 degradation assay. We subsequently adapted this assay into a 96-well glass-bottom plate format to facilitate high-throughput GPCR degradation screening. t1/2 values quantified for the α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADR1D) using the 96-well-plate format correlated with t1/2 values quantified using NIR-PAGE imaging analysis. In summary, this novel assay permits precise quantitative analysis of GPCR degradation in human cells and can be readily adapted to quantify degradation for any membrane protein of interest.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared-Triggered Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biomedicine Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mahata ◽  
Ranjit De ◽  
Kang Taek Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Nanotechnology Research ◽  
Nir Light

Due to the unique properties of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) under near-infrared (NIR) light, the last decade has shown a sharp progress in their biomedicine applications. Advances in the techniques for polymer, dye, and bio-molecule conjugation on the surface of the nanoparticles has further expanded their dynamic opportunities for optogenetics, oncotherapy and bioimaging. In this account, considering the primary benefits such as the absence of photobleaching, photoblinking, and autofluorescence of UCNPs not only facilitate the construction of accurate, sensitive and multifunctional nanoprobes, but also improve therapeutic and diagnostic results. We introduce, with the basic knowledge of upconversion, unique properties of UCNPs and the mechanisms involved in photon upconversion and discuss how UCNPs can be implemented in biological practices. In this focused review, we categorize the applications of UCNP-based various strategies into the following domains: neuromodulation, immunotherapy, drug delivery, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, bioimaging and biosensing. Herein, we also discuss the current emerging bioapplications with cutting edge nano-/biointerfacing of UCNPs. Finally, this review provides concluding remarks on future opportunities and challenges on clinical translation of UCNPs-based nanotechnology research.

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