scholarly journals Lipopeptide producing endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus regulate wheat resistance to cereal aphids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Veselova ◽  
V. Yu. Alekseev ◽  
S.D. Rumyantsev ◽  
G.F. F. Burkhanova ◽  
E. A. Cherepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Genus Bacillus

We have shown the direct and indirect effect of lipopeptide-producing endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the viability of greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. and the induction of systemic resistance in wheat plants.

scholarly journals Recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain deficient in production of surfactin loses ability to induce resistance of wheat plants against aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rond.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Alekseev ◽  
S. Veselova ◽  
D. K. Blagova ◽  
E. R. Sarvarova ◽  
G. Burkhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis

An important role of surfactin synthesis by endophytic bacteria in protecting wheat against cereal aphids has been shown to manifest itself in a direct insecticidal effect and an indirect effect through the induction of systemic resistance in plants.

Induction of systemic resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens by endophytic bacteria in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Asghari ◽  
Behrouz Harighi ◽  
Morahem Ashengroph ◽  
Christophe Clement ◽  
Aziz Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Systemic Resistance

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals rapid defence responses in wheat induced by phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum feeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yu Fu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiaobei Liu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Abstract Background Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important and devastating cereal aphids worldwide, and its feeding can cause chlorosis and necrosis in wheat. However, little information is available on the wheat defence responses triggered by S. graminum feeding at the molecular level.Results Here, we collected and analysed transcriptome sequencing data from leaf tissues of wheat infested with S. graminum at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hpi (hours post infestation). A total of 125,289 genes were either up- or downregulated and differed significantly in response to aphid feeding. The expression levels of a number of genes (9,761 genes) were significantly altered within 2 hpi and continued to change during the entire 48 h experiment. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis and light harvesting, and the total chlorophyll content in wheat leaves was also significantly reduced after S. graminum infestation at 24 and 48 hpi. However, a number of related genes of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence signalling pathway and MAPK-WRKY pathway were significantly upregulated at early feeding time points (2 and 6 hpi). In addition, the gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were rapidly increased at 2, 6 and 12 hpi. DAB staining results showed that S. graminum feeding induced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) accumulation at the feeding sites at 2 hpi, and increased H 2 O 2 production was detected with the increases in aphid feeding time. Pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, repressed the H 2 O 2 accumulation and expression levels of SA-associated defence genes in wheat.Conclusions Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that defence-related pathways and oxidative stress in wheat were rapidly induced within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding. Additionally, NADPH oxidase plays an important role in aphid-induced defence responses and H 2 O 2 accumulation in wheat. These results provide valuable insight into the dynamic transcriptomic responses of wheat leaves to phytotoxic aphid feeding and the molecular mechanisms of aphid-plant interactions.

scholarly journals POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN TANAMAN LADA TERHADAP INFEKSI Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA HARNI ◽  
MEYNARTI SARI DEWI IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Meloidogyne incognita, merupakan salah satu organisme peng-ganggu (OPT) penyebab penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada dan dapatmengakibatkan penurunan hasil sampai 32%. Beberapa teknik untukmengendalikan patogen ini telah dilakukan tetapi belum memberikan hasilyang memuaskan. Pengendalian biologi dengan menggunakan bakteriendofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang cukup men-janjikan untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan nematoda penyakit tanaman.Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi danNematologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor, danRumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka TanamanIndustri Pakuwon Sukabumi dari bulan Mei sampai November 2009.Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah: 1) Seleksi beberapa isolat bakteri endofituntuk mengendalikan nematoda M. incognita pada tanaman lada dan 2)Potensi induced systemic resistance (ISR) dan analisis asam salisilat sertaperoksidase. Isolat bakteri endofit yang digunakan adalah isolat bakteriendofit potensial yang diisolasi dari akar nilam. Akar tanaman ladadirendam dalam suspensi bakteri endofit, selanjutnya diinokulasi dengan500 ekor larva 2 M. incognita. Sebulan setelah inokulasi tanamandibongkar diamati populasi nematoda dan pertumbuhan tanaman. AnalisisISR dilakukan dengan metode split root system dilanjutkan dengananalisis kadar asam salisilat dan peroksidase. Penelitian mengunakanRancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteriendofit dapat menekan jumlah puru dan populasi nematoda di dalam akar.Penekanan tertinggi pada isolat MSK (97,93%) tidak berbeda nyatadengan isolat BAS, TT2, dan NJ46 yaitu 97,35; 95,22; dan 92,14%.Berdasarkan analisis split root system, ke 4 isolat tersebut dapat meng-induksi ketahanan tanaman lada secara sistemik dengan mekanismepeningkatan kandungan asam salisilat dan peroksidase di dalam akar.</p><p>Kata kunci : Bakteri endofit, penyakit kuning, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induksi ketahanan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The use of endophytic bacteria to induce plant resistanceagainst infection of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyneincognita) on black pepper</p><p>Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of important patho-gens causing yellow disease on black pepper. As a result of this pathogenattack can lower the results up to 32%. Several control methods have beendone successful to control pathogen. Biological control using endophyticbacteria is one of prospective alternative control methods to overcomenematode problem. The research had been conducted in the Laboratory ofBacteriology and Nematology Department of Plant Protection, BogorAgricultural University (IPB) and in greenhouse of Indonesian Spices andIndustrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi. The objectives ofthis study were : 1) Selection of endophytic bacteria to control M.incognita nematodes on black pepper and 2) Potential of induced systemicresistance (ISR) and analysis of salicylic acid and peroxidase. Endophyticbacterial isolates used were endophytic potential bacterial isolates isolatedfrom the roots of patchouli. Pepper plant roots were soaked in anendophytic bacterial suspension, then inoculated with 500 larvae of 2 M.incognita. A month after inoculation, the plants were dismantled andobserved population of nematodes and plant growth. ISR analysis wasperformed by the method of split root system followed by analysis ofsalicylic acid and peroxidase contents. The research was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design. The results showed that endophyticbacteria were able to suppress the amount of gall and nematode populationin roots. The highest suppression was on MSK isolate (97.93%) which wasnot significantly different from BAS, TT2, and NJ46 isolates, namely97.35, 95.22, and 92.14%, respectively. The analysis of split root systemshowed that the 4 isolates were able to induce systemic resistance of blackpepper with a mechanism of increase in salicylic acid and peroxidasecontents in roots.</p><p>Key words : Endophytic bacteria, yellow disease, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induce systemic resistance</p>

scholarly journals Divergent Switchgrass Cultivars Modify Cereal Aphid Transcriptomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1887-1901
Author(s):  
Kyle G Koch ◽  
Erin D Scully ◽  
Nathan A Palmer ◽  
Scott M Geib ◽  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Bioenergy Grasses ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Abstract Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Sipha flava Forbes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are two common pests of bioenergy grasses. Despite the fact that they are both considered generalists, they differ in their ability to colonize Panicum virgatum cultivars. For example, S. flava colonizes both P. virgatum cv. Summer and P. virgatum cv. Kanlow whereas S. graminum can only colonize Summer. To study the molecular responses of these aphids to these two switchgrass cultivars, we generated de novo transcriptome assemblies and compared the expression profiles of aphids feeding on both cultivars to profiles associated with feeding on a highly susceptible sorghum host and a starvation treatment. Transcriptome assemblies yielded 8,428 and 8,866 high-quality unigenes for S. graminum and S. flava, respectively. Overall, S. graminum responded strongly to all three treatments after 12 h with an upregulation of unigenes coding for detoxification enzymes while major transcriptional changes were not observed in S. flava until 24 h. Additionally, while the two aphids responded to the switchgrass feeding treatment by downregulating unigenes linked to growth and development, their responses to Summer and Kanlow diverged significantly. Schizaphis graminum upregulated more unigenes coding for stress-responsive enzymes in the Summer treatment compared to S. flava; however, many of these unigenes were actually downregulated in the Kanlow treatment. In contrast, S. flava appeared capable of overcoming host defenses by upregulating a larger number of unigenes coding for detoxification enzymes in the Kanlow treatment. Overall, these findings are consistent with previous studies on the interactions of these two cereal aphids to divergent switchgrass hosts.

scholarly journals Aktivitas antibakteri isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Sembodho Edi Kurniawan ◽  
Mahyarudin Mahyarudin ◽  
Ambar Rialita
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

ABSTRAKAncaman global pada kasus Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) membutuhkan alternatif penanganan dengan tanaman obat tradisional. Bakteri endofit pada tanaman pegagan (Centella asiatica) memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder bersifat antibakteri yang serupa dengan tanaman inangnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan (C. asiatica) terhadap S. aureus. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yaitu isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan (C. asiatica) diujikan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap S. aureus. Isolat yang paling berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan uji metabolit untuk mengetahui senyawa antibakteri yang dihasilkan. Identifikasi bakteri endofit berdasarkan morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 2 dari 37 isolat memiliki aktivitas terhadap S. aureus  dengan zona hambat sebesar 9,02 mm dan 15,9 mm. Isolat yang paling berpotensi memiliki aktivitas tertinggi yaitu isolat I2 dengan zona hambat sebesar 15,9 mm. Isolat I2 memiliki kemiripan dengan genus Bacillus dan kemampuan mengasilkan senyawa antibakteri seperti alkaloid, saponin dan terpenoid.  Kata kunci: antibakteri; bakteri endofit; Centella asiatica; Staphylococcus aureus   ABSTRACTAntibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria isolate from pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica) against Staphylococcus aureusThe global threat in the case of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires alternative treatment using traditional medicinal plants. Endophytic bacteria found in Pegagan plants (Centella asiatica) have ability to produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial capabilities similar to their host plants. The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacterial isolates of Pegagan (C. asiatica) against S. aureus. This study is a descriptive research where endophytic bacterial isolates of Pegagan leaves (C. asiatica) were tested with disk diffusion method against S. aureus. The most potential isolates with antibacterial activity were performed metabolites test to determine the antibacterial compounds produced. Endophytic bacteria identification based on colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical tests. The results showed that 2 out of 37 isolates had activity against S. aureus with inhibition zone of 9,02 mm and 15.9 mm. The most potential isolate that has highest activity was I2 isolate with inhibition zone of 15.9 mm. Isolate I2 has similarities with the genus Bacillus and the ability to produce antibacterial compounds such as alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids. Key words: antibacterial; Centella asiatica; endophytic bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus

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