scholarly journals Records of corticolous myxomycetes from selected trees in Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, Bulacan, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Species List ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Barks ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds

Corticolous myxomycetes are a specialized guild of myxomycetes thriving on the bark of living trees. In this study, we explored the bark-inhabiting myxomycetes from selected trees in the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, Bulacan, Philippines. Pieces of dead tree barks were carefully removed from selected mature trees — Gmelina arborea (“gmelina” or “yemane”), Mangifera indica (“mango”), Parkia timoriana (“kupang”), Pinus sp. (“pine tree”), Pterocarpus indicus (“narra”), Samanea saman (“acacia” or “rain tree”), and Shorea contorta (“white lauan”), within the accessible forest area and used for the preparation of moist chamber culture. Following incubation for 8–12 weeks, fruiting bodies from the moist chambers were identified. Results showed a total of 17 species belonging to 10 genera from five orders. The identified corticolous myxomycetes were Arcyria cinerea, A. denudata, Comatricha pulchella, C. tenerrima, Cribraria microcarpa, C. violacea, Diderma effusum, D. hemisphaericum, Hemitrichia pardina, Lamproderma scintillans, Licea operculata, Licea sp.1, Perichaena chrysosperma, P. pedata, Physarum album, P. leucophaeum, and Trichia decipiens. This is the first report of corticolous myxomycetes in the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve. KEYWORDS: bark, moist chamber culture, Paleotropics, plasmodial slime molds, species list

Monitoring natural stand change in the forest reserve of Liedekerke, Flanders (Belgium)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Sweet Chestnut

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.

Plasmodial Slime Molds of a Tropical Karst Forest, Quezon National Park, the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac ◽  
Maria Angelica D. Rea-Maminta ◽  
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Tropical Karst

scholarly journals First report of Berkeleyomyces basicola causing mango root rot and decline in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Shukla ◽  
Tahseen Fatima ◽  
Nidhi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rdna Its2 ◽  
Mango Tree

Mango wilt has been a serious constraint in mango (Mangifera indica L.) production in several countries including India (Shukla et al. 2018). Although, several fungal pathogens have been reported associated with the disease, species of Ceratocystis, Verticillium and Lasiodiplodia have been found predominantly responsible for the wilt (Shukla et al. 2018). A twenty-seven-year old mango tree cv. Dashehari at Rehmankhera, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India suffered sudden wilt (Fig. 1A) during February 2020. Though, symptoms were similar to Ceratocystis wilt, no gummosis was observed on trunk or branches which occurred in the majority of Ceratocystis fimbriata infected trees. The infected roots of the wilted tree exhibited dark brown to black discoloration in woody portions (Fig. 1B). Severely affected roots were completely rotten. Similar symptoms of root infection were observed in an additional 16 declining trees within an orchard of 120 trees total (Fig. 2). The infected hard wood samples from live roots of 16 declining and one wilted trees were utilized for isolation by placing stem tissue of discolored and normal colored tissue on surface sterilized fresh carrot discs placed in a moisture chamber (Fig. 1C) for 10 days. Out of 17 tree samples, isolates of Berkeleyomyces basicola (Berk. & Broome) W.J. Nel, Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong, M.J. Wingf. (Nel et al. 2018) obtained from 1 wilted and 9 declining trees were transferred to and maintained in pure culture on potato dextrose agar. Isolates were grown for 7 to 10 days at 23±1 °C temperature in the dark. The isolates were characterized by a greyish black compact mycelial colony (Fig. 1D). Two types of spores, endoconidia (phialospores) and chlamydospores (aleuriospores or amylospores) were observed under microscope. The endoconidia were hyaline, cylindrical in shape with 10 to 42 × 3 to 6 μm (n=50) in size (Fig. 1E). Chains of dark colored chlamydospores (3 to 7 spores in chain) of 24 to 52 × 10 to 12 μm (n=50) size were apparent (Fig. 1E&F). Molecular identification of the fungus isolated from the wilted tree was established by amplifying the ITS1-5.8 rDNA-ITS2 region of fungal genomic DNA and the set of ITS primers (ITS 1 and ITS4) (White et al. 1990) followed by sequencing. The sequence has been submitted to the NCBI database vide accession number MT786402. The present isolate (MT786402) shared >99 percent nucleotide similarity with other B. basicola isolates. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the ITS1-5.8 rDNA-ITS2 sequences of other B. basicola isolates and other Thielaviopsis spp., C. fimbriata, Chalaropsis thielavioides through neighbor joining method using MEGAX software (Fig. 3) (Kumar et al. 2018). The present isolate formed a distinct cluster along with other B. basicola isolates in a separate clade. Koch's postulate was performed under a transparent polycarbonate sheet roof net house at 14.4 and 42.2 °C minimum and maximum temperatures, respectively. A 100 ml macerated culture suspension consisting of 1000 chlamydospores and endoconidia per ml suspension was inoculated in the rhizosphere of mango seedlings planted in sterilized soil filled in earthen pots, using ten replicates for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Symptoms of necrotic root tissue were observed 90 days after inoculation and were consistent with those observed in the field. The same fungus was re-isolated from infected roots and identity was confirmed. All control plants remained symptom-free and B. basicola was not isolated from the roots. Thus, we conclude that B. basicola is capable of causing root rot disease of mango. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of B. basicola causing mango root rot and decline across the globe, hitherto unreported. The extent of the root necrosis symptoms associated with mature mango trees demonstrates the potential virulence of B. basicola, although its pathogenicity risk on healthy mature trees is still unknown. However, the possibility of severe losses to the mango industry in world number one mango producer country, India cannot be ruled out, if found widespread.

Occurrence and Diversity of Myxomycetes (Plasmodial Slime Molds) along the Northern Slope of Mt. Makulot, Cuenca, Batangas, Philippines

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bernard T. Cheng ◽  
Kate Nicole T. Yu ◽  
Monica L. Campos ◽  
Jaira Michelle V. Adora ◽  
Gerald Ceasar P. Pascua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Slope ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds

scholarly journals The bryophyte flora of nature reserves in central Chile. 1. The moss flora of Los Ruiles Nature Reserve, near Talca

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Müller ◽  
Iris Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Species List ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Small Forest

The moss flora of the Los Ruiles Nature Reserve, Maule region (VII), central Chile was investigated. Los Ruiles is a small forest reserve dominated by Nothofagus trees and surrounded by plantations of Pinus radiata. The moss species list contains 72 taxa, among which are 36 species newly reported for the Maule region. Several species reach their northernmost known limit in the reserve, including Achrophyllum magellanicum var. magellanicum, Ancistrodes genuflexa, Cryphaea consimilis, Dendrocryphaea lechleri, Lembophyllum orbiculatum, Leptostomum menziesii, Symblepharis krausei, and Zygodon papillatus. To ensure the survival of these rare or local bryophytes, an increase of the proportion of Nothofagus trees in the forests surrounding the reserve is desirable.

scholarly journals Diversity of plasmodial slime molds (myxomycetes) in coastal, mountain, and community forests of Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac ◽  
Maria Angelica D. Rea-Maminta ◽  
Nathan S. Batungbacal ◽  
Soo Hyun Jung ◽  
Carmela Rina T. Bulang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Coastal Mountain

Evaluation of tree canopy epiphytes and bark characteristics associated with the presence of corticolous myxomycetes

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Everhart ◽  
Joseph S. Ely ◽  
Harold W. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Vertical Transect

Certain species of myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) are regularly present with mosses, lichens, and algae. Corticolous myxomycetes were previously studied in the tree canopy, and observations suggested that species occurrence is patchy and species abundance may increase with the presence of bryophytes and lichens. The purpose of this study was to quantify the association of corticolous myxomycete species with percent cover of epiphytes and with bark characteristics, such as water absorption, bark thickness, and bark pH. Study sites were located in three temperate forests in the southeastern USA. The doubled rope climbing method was used to collect bark from trees and grapevines in a vertical transect up to 15 m above ground level. Moist chambers (374) were used to culture myxomycetes for 32 d. The percent cover of lichens, bryophytes, myxobacteria, and filamentous fungi were estimated in five 2 cm × 2 cm quadrats for 187 sample sites. Results showed no association between percent cover of epiphytes and myxomycetes. Bark pH was the major factor influencing the occurrence of corticolous myxomycete species, and the patchy distribution of myxomycetes was attributed to the small plasmodium characteristic of most corticolous species.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist slime molds (Myxomycetes = Myxogastrea) of western Kazakhstan

Karstenia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Inna Zemlyanskaya ◽  
Yuri Novozhilov ◽  
Martin Schnittler
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Winter-cold arid regions of western Kazakhstan were surveyed for myxomycetes for a period of 20 years. A total of 3228 records belonging to 111 species from 31 genera and 10 families are provided in an annotated checklist. The checklist contains data on the localities, habitats, substrates, methods of collection and voucher numbers of specimens deposited in the mycological herbarium (LE) of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Additionally the bibliographic references of the myxomycete species findings in the study area are given. Due to the very arid climate of the region, 2911 specimens (ca. 90%) were obtained from 1653 moist chamber cultures prepared with samples taken from bark of living plants, litter and the weathered dung of herbivorous animals. Only 317 specimens of myxomycetes were collected directly in the field, mostly in woody artificial plantations. The lowest species diversity was observed in habitats with halophytic vegetation, where on average only 1–2 species were recorded per moist chamber culture. Only <em>Perichaena depressa</em> and <em>P. liceoides</em> were common under such conditions. The highest diversity of myxomycetes was observed in the intrazonal woody communities of the steppe zone, which are usually associated with river valleys and artificial woody plantations. In these habitats lignicolous species occurred: <em>Amaurochaete atra</em>, <em>Arcyria obvelata</em>, <em>Cribraria cancellata</em>, <em>Lamproderma scintillans</em>, <em>Lycogala epidendrum</em>, <em>Metatrichia vesparia</em>, <em>Oligonema flavidum</em>, <em>Stemonitis axifera</em>, <em>S. fusca</em>, <em>S. herbatica</em>, <em>S.pallida</em>, <em>Symphytocarpus confluens</em>, and <em>Trichia contorta</em>. However, the apparently most common species of myxomycetes in the studied area are associated with litter or bark: <em>Badhamia foliicola</em>, <em>B. spinispora</em>, <em>Didymium anellus</em>, <em>D. difforme</em>, <em>D. trachysporum</em>, <em>Echinostelium colliculosum</em>, <em>Fuligo cinerea</em>, <em>Licea denudescens</em>, <em>L. nannengae</em>, <em>L. parasitica</em>, <em>Macbrideola oblonga</em>, <em>Pericaena depressa</em>, <em>P. corticalis</em>, <em>P. liceoides</em>, <em>P. vermicularis</em>, <em>Physarum cinereum</em>, and <em>Ph. pseudonotabile</em>. Among substrate types, species diversity and richness decrease from wood over ground litter to bark, and dung of herbivorous animals. Shannon diversity and species richness reached maximum values in the intrazonal and artificial woody communities, whereas treeless sagebrush desert and dry steppe communities and, halophytic vegetation had the most depauperate yet most specific myxomycete assemblages. Assemblages associated with these vegetation types displayed a high level of similarity to those of myxomycete assemblages from other arid regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. In contrast, assemblages of the artificial woody plantations in the study region displayed a high level of similarity to those of boreal forest regions of Siberia for which data exist, but differed from the assemblages documented from treeless desert and steppe regions of Eurasia.

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