Evaluation of tree canopy epiphytes and bark characteristics associated with the presence of corticolous myxomycetes

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Everhart ◽  
Joseph S. Ely ◽  
Harold W. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Vertical Transect

Certain species of myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) are regularly present with mosses, lichens, and algae. Corticolous myxomycetes were previously studied in the tree canopy, and observations suggested that species occurrence is patchy and species abundance may increase with the presence of bryophytes and lichens. The purpose of this study was to quantify the association of corticolous myxomycete species with percent cover of epiphytes and with bark characteristics, such as water absorption, bark thickness, and bark pH. Study sites were located in three temperate forests in the southeastern USA. The doubled rope climbing method was used to collect bark from trees and grapevines in a vertical transect up to 15 m above ground level. Moist chambers (374) were used to culture myxomycetes for 32 d. The percent cover of lichens, bryophytes, myxobacteria, and filamentous fungi were estimated in five 2 cm × 2 cm quadrats for 187 sample sites. Results showed no association between percent cover of epiphytes and myxomycetes. Bark pH was the major factor influencing the occurrence of corticolous myxomycete species, and the patchy distribution of myxomycetes was attributed to the small plasmodium characteristic of most corticolous species.

Plasmodial Slime Molds of a Tropical Karst Forest, Quezon National Park, the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac ◽  
Maria Angelica D. Rea-Maminta ◽  
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Tropical Karst

Seagrass surveys in Shwe Thaung Yan coastal areas, the southern part of Rakhine Coastal Region, Myanmar: biodiversity, coverage and biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Thu- Rein
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seagrass Meadow ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Seagrass Coverage

Studies on percent cover and biomass of seagrasses from Shwe Thaung Yan coastal areas (Inn Din Gyi, Kyauk Nagar and Phoe Htaung Gyaing), the Southern parts of Rakhine Coastal Region, were carried out between March and August, 2018. A total of 8 species of seagrasses, namely Syringodiumisoetifolium (Ascherson) Danty, Halodulepinifolia (Miki) den Hartog, Haloduleuninervis (Forsskal) Ascherson, Cymodocearotundata Ehrenberg et Hemprich ex Ascherson, C. serrulata (R. Brown) Ascherson et Magnus, Thalassiahemprichii(Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel and Enhalusacoroides (Linnaeus f.) Royle, were recorded in three study sites. Seagrass meadow in this study showed seasonal variations in both percent cover and biomass. Total seagrass coverage and biomass were higher in the dry season than in the monsoon season. Total seagrass coverage ranged between 8% and 75% in Phoe Htaung Gyaing, between 10% and 42% in Kyauk Nagar, and between 15% and 43% in Inn Din Gyi. Total seagrass mean biomass was 50.2413-259.846gdry.wtm-2 in Phoe Htaung Gyaing, 63.0194 -321.535gdry.wtm-2 in Kyauk Nagar, and 98.6819-416.237gdry.wtm-2 in Inn Din Gyi.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Chesapeake Bay Bacterioplankton Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5488-5497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Heidelberg ◽  
K. B. Heidelberg ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Percent Composition ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Choptank River

ABSTRACT Bacteria, γ-subclass of Proteobacteria, Vibrio-Photobacterium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae-Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio cincinnatiensis in water samples collected from the Choptank River in Chesapeake Bay from 15 April to 16 December 1996 were enumerated using a fluorescent oligonucleotide direct-counting (FODC) procedure. FODC results obtained using a Bacteria taxon-specific probe ranged from one-third the number of to the same number as that obtained by the acridine orange direct count (AODC) procedure. The abundance of individual taxa (per liter) ranged from 0.25 × 1010 to 2.6 × 1010 Bacteria, 0.32 × 108 to 3.1 × 108 γ-Proteobacteria, 0.2 × 108 to 2.1 × 108 Vibrio-Photobacterium, 0.5 × 107 to 10 × 107 V. vulnificus, 0.2 × 106 to 6 × 106 V. cholerae-V. mimicus, and 0.5 × 105 to 8 × 105 V. cincinnatiensis. The occurrence of all taxa monitored in this study was higher in summer; however, these taxa made up a larger proportion of the Bacteria when the water temperature was low. Large fluctuations in species abundance as well as in percent composition of Vibrio-Photobacterium occurred from week to week, indicating that localized blooms of these taxa occur. The cross-Choptank River transect sample profile of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae-V. mimicus varied significantly in abundance, and trans-Choptank River transect samples revealed a patchy distribution.

New dictyostelid cellular slime molds from South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 383 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
JAMES C. CAVENDER ◽  
EDUARDO VADELL ◽  
JOHN C. LANDOLT ◽  
STEVEN L. STEPHENSON ◽  
SANDRA L. BALDAUF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Average Density ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
National Science ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Cellular Slime Molds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The University

A distributional study of the dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) of South Africa was carried out during 2006 as part of the Global Biodiversity of Eumycetozoans project based at the University of Arkansas and funded by the National Science Foundation. Samples of soil/humus collected from 31 study sites yielded a total of 881 clones, with an average density of 210 clones/gram for all samples in which dictyostelids were detected. Eighteen different species were represented by one or more clones, and six of these could not be identified. These six species are described herein as new to science. In addition, information is provided on the ecological distribution of all of the species of dictyostelids now known to occur in South Africa.

Comparison of plantations and naturally regenerated clearcuts in the Acadian Forest: forest floor bryophyte community and habitat features

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Ross-Davis ◽  
Katherine A Frego
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Acadian Forest

To address concern for loss of bryophyte biodiversity within managed forests, we compared community composition and environmental characteristics among three disturbance regimes: (i) naturally regenerated clear-cut forests, (ii) cutover spruce plantations (established on clear-cut forest land), and (iii) afforested field spruce plantations (established on agricultural fields) across a range of ages (19–102 years) in the Acadian Forest region of New Brunswick, Canada. Abundances of all forest floor bryophyte species, available substrates, microtopographical features, and tree canopy were measured as percent cover (1 m2) in 26 stands: 12 naturally regenerated clear-cut forests, eight cutover plantations, and six afforested field plantations. Multivariate analyses indicated that both bryophyte community composition and associated environment differed significantly across disturbance regimes, with no strong trends related to time since clearing (i.e., stand age). Spruce plantations were characterized by low substrate diversity and microtopographic and canopy homogeneity. Both plantation types had lower bryophyte species richness, evenness, and diversity (H') relative to naturally regenerated clear-cut forests; cutover plantations had the highest total bryophyte cover. The bryophyte community of plantations was composed of a subset of species found within naturally regenerated clear-cut forests: many liverworts and epixylic mosses were absent, with fewer pioneer species and more perennial stayers (equivalent to K-strategists) than expected.Key words: bryophyte, disturbance regime, substrate, canopy, microtopography, plantation.

EFFECTS OF ACUTE SIMULATED AND ACUTE GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE ON GROWTH RATES AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Olfert ◽  
M. K. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
And Control

AbstractStudies showed that the type of damage, the timing of damage with the phenological stage of the crop, and the amount of available soil moisture influenced the growth response of spring wheat to acute levels of grasshopper damage and acute levels of artificial damage. Ground-level cutting of plants resulted in the greatest reduction in plant biomass and crop yield, while grasshopper damage and artificial stripping of leaf material did not result in as severe a reduction in either biomass or yield.Damaged plants were not able to recover lost biomass when damage occurred any later than the early stages of tillering despite observed relative growth rates which were higher than control plants. The greatest degree of recovery occurred in study sites with the greatest amount of available soil moisture.The most detrimental effect of damage on yield was the reduction of heads per plant and kernel weight. In most cases differences in the number of seeds per head between damaged and control plants were not evident.

Occurrence and Diversity of Myxomycetes (Plasmodial Slime Molds) along the Northern Slope of Mt. Makulot, Cuenca, Batangas, Philippines

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bernard T. Cheng ◽  
Kate Nicole T. Yu ◽  
Monica L. Campos ◽  
Jaira Michelle V. Adora ◽  
Gerald Ceasar P. Pascua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Slope ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds

The upland hardwood component of Prince Edward Island's remnant Acadian forest: determination of depth of edge and patterns of exotic plant invasion

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate MacQuarrie ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion ◽  
Acadian Forest ◽  
Study Sites

The upland hardwood component of Prince Edward Island's Acadian forest is among the best remaining examples of the precolonial landscape, but it has been severely fragmented during the past 300 years of human use and settlement. Despite the ecological importance of this remnant habitat and its level of fragmentation, there has been no assessment of depth of edge or exotic plant invasion in these areas. Three 300 m long edge–interior transects were established in each of six study sites. Nine 100-m2 circular plots were sampled along each transect at distances from 5.7 to 300 m; one external plot was established at each transect to sample species in adjacent habitats. In each plot, all vascular plants were identified, a visual estimate of percent cover was made, and soil temperature, canopy cover, and tree diameters were measured. An edge–interior plant community gradient was found within these forests; a plant community characteristic of interior conditions was not reached until a distance of more than 120 m from an edge. This suggests that upland hardwood protected areas smaller than 240 m on a side (5.75 ha) are unlikely to include interior habitat, and sites should be greater than 320 m on all sides (10.24 ha) to ensure at least some interior habitat for vascular plants. Invasion by exotic species was found to be more extensive than that reported from other jurisdictions, and innermost (300 m) plots were not free from exotics. Fifteen exotic species were found within the study sites, with Veronica officinalis (common speedwell) and Hieracium lachenalii (hawkweed) being the most invasive, both in terms of distance penetrated and area covered.Key words: Acadian forest, fragmentation, depth of edge, protected area, Veronica, Hieracium.

Seed dispersing agents in two regularly flooded river sites

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerry Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Snow Samples

Aspects of seed dispersal, particularly mobility of viable seeds, were investigated in two sites at the lower river Dalälven, southeastern central Sweden, from 1980 to 1985. Three different approaches were used to assess the seed rain. (i) Seed traps were placed at ground level. This component of the seed rain was dominated by seeds from the local vegetation, particularly Betula spp. A total of 30 species were identified, (ii) Drift material was collected in spring and autumn and the seed content was identified through germination trials. Seeds dispersed by drift mainly belonged to species abundant in the study sites, but included a minor element not represented in the local vegetation. A total of 23 species were identified, of which seeds of Potentilla palustris, Carex canescens, and other Carex spp. were most abundant. In the field, seedlings growing on fresh accumulations of drift were dominated by Potentilla palustris. (iii) Samples of snow were collected and the seed content determined visually. Of the seven species represented in the snow samples, Betula spp. dominated. In particular, flooding extended the seed rain beyond the boundaries of many species. It is concluded that the distribution of wet meadow species is not limited by dispersal.

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