scholarly journals Etiologyand occurrence of acute bacterial meningitis in children in Benghazi Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Bandaru Narasinga Rao ◽  
Ibrahim Mahdi Kashbur ◽  
Nuri Mohamed Shembesh ◽  
Suliman Mohamed El Bargathy
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Over a 14-month period, 77 children with a presumptive diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis were investigated. The incidence of acute bacterial meningitis was 0.8%, with a case fatality rate of 13.0%. Children pound 1 year of age were more affected [64.9%]. The total male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Gram stain detected more cases [85.7%] than culture [66.2%]. A total of 48 isolates were identified by culture and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined. Haemophilus influenzae [33.8%] was the predominant organism identified, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [26.0%], Klebsiella spp. [6.5%] and Neisseria meningitidis [2.6%]. Many of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and least sensitive to tetracycline and ampicillin

scholarly journals A putative role for homocysteine in the pathophysiology of acute bacterial meningitis in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roney Santos Coimbra ◽  
Bruno Frederico Aguilar Calegare ◽  
Talitah Michel Sanchez Candiani ◽  
Vânia D’Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Putative Role ◽  
Meningitis In Children

ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-747
Author(s):  
Robert J. Haggerty ◽  
Mohsen Ziai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Multiple Drugs

A controlled study of the treatment of bacterial meningitis with single and multiple, potentially antagonistic antimicrobial drugs was undertaken. Sixty-five patients received a single and 71 received several drugs in combination. The two groups were generally comparable. There was no significant difference in the results: that is antagonism could not be demonstrated in this clinical study. It seems reasonable to recommend that, in patients over 1 month of age with acute primary bacterial meningitis in whom an etiologic agent cannot be promptly identified, the use of multiple drugs aimed at the three most likely organisms (pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. influenzae) can be employed without danger of clinically apparent antagonism.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora PL Weiss ◽  
Paul Coplan ◽  
Harry Guess
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Meningitis In Children

OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and the descriptive epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among individuals under age 20 in a geographically defined region in Brazil during the two-year period immediately preceding the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines into the national immunization program of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological study of all cases of bacterial meningitis reported among residents of Campinas, Brazil, under age 20 (n=316,570) during the period of 1997-98, using comprehensive surveillance records compiled by the Campinas Health Department from cases reported among hospital inpatients, outpatients, emergency room visits, death certificates, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial meningitis (n=274) was 334.9, 115 and 43.5 cases/10(5) person-years (pys) for residents of Campinas under age 1, 5 and 20, respectively. All cases were hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 12 days. Documented prior antibiotic use was 4.0%. The case-fatality rate of bacterial meningitis in individuals under age 20 was 9% (24/274) with 75% of deaths occurring in children under the age of five. The incidence of Hib meningitis (n=26) was 62.8 and 17 cases/10(5) pys in children age <1 and <5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Hib meningitis in children under the age of 5 in Campinas during 1997-98 was similar to that reported in the US, Western Europe, and Israel prior to widespread Hib vaccine use in those regions. This study provides a baseline for later studies to evaluate changes in the etiology and incidence of bacterial meningitis in children after introduction of routine Hib vaccination in Brazil.

Sequelae of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children Treated for Seven Days

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
T. Jadavji ◽  
W. D. Biggar ◽  
R. Gold ◽  
C. G. Prober
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Speech Defect ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotic ◽  
Severe Handicaps ◽  
Meningitis In Children

The sequelae of acute bacterial meningitis in children who were treated with ampicillin or chloramphenicol for seven days during the period January 1979 to June 1983 were assessed prospectively. The 235 patients (117 boys and 118 girls) ranged in age from four days to 18 years (mean 26.4 months). Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated in 70% of patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 20%, and Neisseria meningitidis in 10%. The mortality rate was 6.4%. No relapses occurred. Of the 220 survivors, 171 had neurologic psychometric, audiologic, and ophthalmologic assessments performed for a minimum of 1 year following their illness. One hundred thirty-six (80%) children had no detectable sequelae; 20% had mild to severe handicaps. The frequency of sequelae was greatest among children with S pneumoniae meningitis (57%) and least among children with N meningitidis (0%). The sequelae observed included: sensorineural hearing loss (12.9%), developmental delay (5.3%), speech defect (4.7%), motor defect (3.0%), hydrocephalus (1.7%), and seizure disorder (1%). The frequency of observed sequelae among these patients is similar to that previously reported in children treated for ten to 14 days. Our findings indicate that seven days of intravenous antibiotic therapy is adequate for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.

scholarly journals Relationship of the high proportion of suicidal acts involving ingestion of pesticides to the low male-to-female ratio of suicide rates in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Yi Yin ◽  
Zhichao Lan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Aims The 2014 World Health Organization report on global suicide identified large differences in the male-to-female ratio of suicide rates between countries: most high-income countries (HICs) report ratios of 3:1 or higher while many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) – including China and India – report ratios of less than 1.5:1. Most authors suggest that gender-based social-cultural factors lead to higher rates of suicidal behaviour among women in LMICs and, thus, to relatively high female suicide rates. We aim to test an alternative hypothesis: differences in the method and case-fatality of suicidal behaviour – not differences in the rates of suicidal behaviour – are the main determinants of higher female suicide rates in LMICs. Methods A prospective registry of suicide attempts treated in all 14 general hospitals in a rural county in China was established and data from the registry were integrated with population and mortality data from the same county from 2009 to 2014. Results There were 160 suicides and 1010 medically-treated suicidal attempts in the county; 84% of female suicides and 58% of male suicides ingested pesticides while 73% of female attempted suicides and 72% of male attempted suicides ingested pesticides. The suicide rate (per 100 000 person-years of exposure) was 8.4 in females and 9.1 in males (M:F ratio = 1.08:1) while the incidence of ‘serious suicidal acts’ (i.e. those that result in death or received treatment in a hospital) was 81.5 in females and 47.7 in males (M:F ratio = 0.59:1). The case-fatality of serious suicidal acts was higher in males than in females (19 v. 10%), increased with age, was highest for violent methods (92%), intermediate for pesticide ingestion (13%) and lowest for other methods (5%). Conclusions The incidence of medically serious suicidal behaviour among females in rural China was similar to that reported in HICs, but the case-fatality was much higher, primarily because most suicidal acts involved the ingestion of pesticides, which had a higher case-fatality than methods commonly used by women in HICs. These findings do not support sociological explanations for the relatively high female suicide rate in China but, rather, suggest that gender-specific method choice and the case-fatality of different methods are more important determinants of the demographic profile of suicide rates. Further research that involves ongoing monitoring of the changing incidence, demographic profile and case-fatality of different suicidal methods in urban and rural parts of both LMICs and HICs is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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