Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Status Imunisasi (DPT-HB-Hib) Pada Bayi

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu upaya kesehatan masyarakat esensial yang efektif untuk memberikan kekebalan spesifik terhadap Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah dengan Imunisasi (PD3I). Adanya COVID-19 yang terjadi secara global dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO, memberikan dampak pada pelaksanaan program kesehatan khususnya pelayanan imunisasi dan surveilans PD3I. Vaksin Pentavalen merupakan pengembangan vaksin Tetravalen (DPT-HB) dengan penambahan antigen Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Kini kelima antigen tersebut diberikan dalam satu suntikan sehingga lebih efisien, tidak menambah jumlah suntikan walaupun dengan penambahan antigen, sehingga memberikan kenyamanan bagi bayi dan ibunya Data cakupan penta 1 (DPTHBHiB 1) menunjukkan bahwa sampai dengan bulan April 2020, lebih dari 500,000 bayi belum mendapatkan imunisasi penta 1, dengan penurunan terbesar terjadi di bulan April 2020 yaitu 50,1% dibandingkan tahun 2019. Hal yang sama juga terjadi pada cakupan penta 3 (DPT-HB-HiB 3). Sampel penelitian diambil dari total populasi secara Non Random dengan menggunakan teknik Accidental Sampling yaitu dengan mengambil kasus atau responden yang kebetulan ada atau tersedia, yaitu pada saat ibu-ibu membawa bayi usia ≥ 1 tahun yang mau mendapatkan pelayanan imunisasi dasar di Klinik/BP Anisa Kecamatan Sembawa Kabupaten Banyuasin yang berjumlah 46 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ibu, keterjangkauan tempat pelayanan kesehatan secara simultan dengan Status Imunisasi (DPT-HB-Hib) Pada Bayi dan Balita di Klinik/BP Anisa Kec. Sembawa Kab. Banyuasin Tahun 2021. Sebagai bahan masukan bagi Klinik/BP Anisa, khususnya bagi bidan dalam menjalankan perannya untuk mengembangkan program edukasi dan konseling kepada Ibu yang mempunyai bayi dalam pemberian imunisasi.

Vaccination programs for children aged up to 18 years in Europe, 2020

Although all European countries have vaccination policies for children, there are no comprehensive studies of pediatric vaccination programs in Europe. We studied vaccination programs for children in Europe. Vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza existed in 42 countries, against human papilloma virus in 41 countries, and against pneumococcus in 40 countries. In addition, the following vaccinations existed: against tuberculosis (35 countries), hepatitis A (33), meningococcus A, C, W, Y (30), rotavirus and varicella (28 countries each), meningococcus B (24), tick-born encephalitis (22), and meningococcus C (16). Mandatory vaccinations are implemented in 21 countries, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, H. influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, and pneumococcus. There are significant differences among pediatric vaccination programs in Europe regarding number, schedules, indications, and regulatory frame (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). A consensus-based vaccination program for all children is needed.

Uptake of Non-Mandatory Vaccinations in Future Physicians in Italy

In 2017 in Italy, a number of vaccinations became mandatory or started to be recommended and offered free of charge. In this study, we aimed at assessing the coverage rates for those vaccinations in the pre-mandatory era among students at the School of Medicine of Padua University studying the degree course in medicine and surgery (future physicians) on the basis of the vaccination certificates presented during health surveillance. The vaccinations considered were those against pertussis, rubella, mumps, measles, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type b (which became mandatory in 2017), pneumococcus, meningococcus C and meningococcus B (only suggested and offered for free since 2017). The study enrolled 4706 students of medicine and surgery. High vaccine uptake was observed, especially in younger students (born after 1990), with vaccines against pertussis, rubella, mumps and measles. Good completion for Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcus C was also observed. Very low coverage rates (all under 10%) for vaccination against varicella, pneumococcus and meningococcus B were observed. In conclusion, uptake for some non-mandatory vaccines was below the recommended threshold, although younger generations showed a higher uptake, possibly as a results of policy implemented at the national level. Our findings support the idea to consider health surveillance visits also as an additional opportunity to overcome confidence and convenience barriers and offer vaccine administration.