Effect of grass hay intake on fiber digestion and digesta retention time in the hindgut of horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1574-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miyaji ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
H. Hata ◽  
S. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Grass Hay

scholarly journals Retention time of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water in the gut of sheep given hay and concentrate at maintenance

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chopped Grass

1. Sheep were given a diet of 400 g chopped grass hay/d and 500 g crushed barley/d in three equal meals. The mean retention time in the whole gut (MRT) and the rumen retention time (RRT) of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water were estimated from marker concentrations in faecal samples.2. MRT of Cr-labelled hay (Cr-H), barley hulls (Cr-Bh), crushed peas (Pisum sativum) (Cr-CP) and rapeseed meal (Cr-RSM) were 53.5, 52.3, 44.3 and 37.0 h respectively when estimated from total faecal collections. The estimates obtained from spot samples of faeces were almost identical.3. RRT of Cr-H, Cr-Bh, Cr-CP, Cr-RSM (Expts 1, 2 and 3) and Cr-labelled cottonseed meal (Cr-CSM) was 35.9, 36.7, 25.3, 18.8, 19.8, 22.8 and 25.3 h respectively.4. The Cr-labelled feed particles showed marked variations in density in water (Dω). However, both MRT and RRT were closely related to Dω, (r—0.88 and —0.95 respectively).5. Rumen outflow rates of Cr-RSM in individual animals were related to the rumen outflow rates of water (r 0.76).

Effect of intake level and alfalfa substitution for grass hay on ruminal kinetics of fiber digestion and particle passage in beef cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bhatti ◽  
J. G. P. Bowman ◽  
J. L. Firkins ◽  
A. V. Grove ◽  
C. W. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of digesta passage rate, mean retention time and in vivo apparent digestibility of two different lengths of hay and big-bale grass silage in ponies

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
H. J. Morrow ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Grass Hay

Welsh-cross pony geldings (about 300kg live weight) were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to determine the rate of passage and apparent digestibility of unchopped big-bale grass silage (BBL), chopped big-bale grass silage (BBS), unchopped grass hay (HL) and chopped grass hay (HS) offered at approximately 15g/kg live weight per d. On day 1 of collection weeks, ponies were fed 85g ytterbium chloride hexahydrate-marked feed 1·5h after the morning meal. Total faecal collections commenced 8h later and continued for 168h. Apparent digestibilities of feed DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP, N×6·25), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were also determined. Faecal excretion data were subjected to the models of Pond et al. (1988) and digesta mean retention time (MRT) calculated from these models and using the algebraic method of Thielmans et al. (1978). Silage had significantly (P<0·05) higher digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF than hay; however, chop length had no effect. All the models of Pond et al. (1988) accurately described (R2>0·8) the pattern of faecal marker excretion. MRT of BBL (29·0h)>BBS(27h)>HS and HL (26h). Compartmental analysis using the G3 model of Pond et al. (1988) showed BBL and HS diets had longer MRT in the time-dependent compartment, whereas BBS and HL had longer MRT in the time-independent compartment. Results from this experiment indicate that BBL and BBS are readily accepted and digested by ponies. While Yb is a successful external marker for determining total tract MRT and for modelling faecal excretion curves in horses, the results did not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn on digesta MRT within the different compartments of the equid gut.

Identification of a Woody-hay Odor-causing Compound in a Drinking Water Supply

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie C. Young ◽  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gil Crozes ◽  
August Bruchet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Gc Analysis ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Odor Descriptors

β-Cyclocitral and geosmin have been identified as the chemicals responsible for causing hay/woody and earthy odors in Lake Winnebago, respectively. Initial identifications of off-flavors were made by the GC-MS with an MS spectral library and sensory-GC analysis and the identifications were confirmed by GC retention time and MS spectral matches to the known standard compounds. A Weber-Fechner plot has been developed for β-cyclocitral and its three odor descriptors, fresh grass, hay/woody, and tobacco-like, which were observed at different concentration ranges.

Fiber digestion in various segments of the hindgut of horses fed grass hay or silage

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto MIYAJI ◽  
Koichiro UEDA ◽  
Yasuo KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi HATA ◽  
Seiji KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Grass Hay

Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) algae supplementation increases microbial protein production and feed intake and decreases retention time of digesta in the rumen of cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Panjaitan ◽  
S. P. Quigley ◽  
S. R. McLennan ◽  
A. J. Swain ◽  
D. P. Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Us ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Cattle consuming pastures low in protein have low liveweight gain due to low rumen degradable protein (RDP) supply and thus low microbial crude protein (MCP) production and efficiency of MCP production [EMCP, g MCP/kg digestible organic matter (DOM)]. Nitrogen supplements can increase MCP production and EMCP of cattle grazing low protein pastures. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with a non-protein-N source (NPN), in this case urea and ammonium sulfate (US), with a single-cell algal protein source (Spirulina platensis), on intake, microbial protein supply and digestibility in cattle. Nine cannulated Bos indicus steers [initial liveweight 250.1 ± 10.86 (s.d.) kg] were fed Mitchell grass hay (Astrebla spp; 6.1 g N, 746 g NDF/kg DM) ad libitum and were supplied with increasing amounts of US (0, 6, 13, 19 and 33 g US DM/kg hay DM) or Spirulina 0, 0.5, 1.4, 2.5 and 6.1 g Spirulina DM/kg W.day in an incomplete Latin square design. The response of MCP production and EMCP to increasing amounts of the two supplements was different, with a greater response to Spirulina evident. The MCP production was predicted to peak at 140 and 568 g MCP/day (0.64 and 2.02 g MCP/kg W.day) for the US and Spirulina supplements, respectively. The highest measured EMCP were 92 and 166 g MCP/kg DOM for the US and Spirulina treatments at 170 and 290 g RDP/kg DOM, respectively, or a Spirulina intake of 5.7 g DM/kg W.day. Increasing RDP intake from US and Spirulina resulted in an increase in Mitchell grass hay intake and rumen NH3-N concentration and reduced the retention time of liquid and particulate markers and digesta DM, NDF and lignin in the rumen with greater changes due to Spirulina. Total DM intake peaked at a Spirulina supplement level of 4.6 g Spirulina DM/kg W.day with a 2.3-fold higher DOM intake than Control steers. Rumen NH3-N concentrations reached 128 and 264 mg NH3-N/L for the US and Spirulina treatments with a significant increase in the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids for the Spirulina treatment. The minimum retention time of liquid (Cr-EDTA; 23 and 13 h) and particulate (Yb; 34 and 22 h) markers in the rumen were significantly lower for Spirulina compared with US and lower than unsupplemented animals at 24 and 34 h for Cr-EDTA and Yb, respectively. Spirulina could be provided safely at much higher N intakes than NPN supplements. The results suggest that, at an equivalent RDP supply, Spirulina provided greater increases than US in MCP production, EMCP and feed intake of Bos indicus cattle consuming low protein forage and could also be fed safely at higher levels of N intake.

Effect of types of non-fiber carbohydrate on in vitro forage fiber digestion of low-quality grass hay

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. Arroquy ◽  
R.C. Cochran ◽  
T.G. Nagaraja ◽  
E.C. Titgemeyer ◽  
D.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Grass Hay

Extent of digestion and rumen condition as factors affecting passage of liquid and digesta particles in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de VEGA ◽  
D. P. POPPI
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Particle Type ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
The University ◽  
Diet Type

Two experiments were carried out at Mt. Cotton, The University of Queensland, from November 1992 to July 1993, to study the effect of extent of digestion or feed type (grass or legume) on particle kinetics in the rumen. Small (0·5–1·18 mm) Yb-labelled grass or legume particles, either digested or undigested, were injected into the rumen of sheep fed on different diets, and their retention time in the reticulo-ruminal compartment measured. In Expt 1, four intact wethers were fed on either pangola grass hay, chaffed lucerne hay, pelleted lucerne hay or commercial pelleted concentrate. Digested particles from the faeces of animals fed on pangola or lucerne and undigested material from the same diets were wet-sieved and the fraction 0·5–1·18 mm collected, labelled with Yb-acetate and injected into the animals together with a solution of Cr-EDTA. Faecal samples were taken and analysed for marker concentrations. In Expt 2, four similar animals, fitted with duodenal and ruminal cannulae, were fed on different proportions of pangola grass hay and lucerne hay, and Cr-EDTA and the above mentioned labelled particles were injected through the rumen cannula. Samples were taken from the duodenum and analysed for marker concentrations.The results indicated that diet characteristics rather than extent of digestion or particle type had the greatest influence on rates of passage of both liquid and particulate phases. Different proportions of pangola and lucerne did not result in marked differences in either the volumes of rumen contents or the rates of passage of the solid phase marker but altered the rates of passage of Cr-EDTA. Increasing the proportion of legume increased intake and decreased retention time markedly, with no additive effects on digestibility.Particles of the same small size escaped with the same fractional passage rate within each diet, irrespective of type (grass or legume) or status (undigested or digested), indicating identical kinetics within each rumen type.It was concluded that rumen conditions as influenced by diet type have most influence on water and particle kinetics and that extent of digestion of the small particles used in our experiments was not important. Particles of legume or grass of the same size behaved similarly within a diet type.

Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate and monensin on fermentation in a rumen simulation (RUSITEC) system

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dong ◽  
H. D. Bae ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Grass Hay

The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) and monensin on fermentation and digestibility of grass hay were examined using two rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) devices, each equipped with eight 820-mL fermenters with a liquid dilution rate of 0.73 d−1. Grass hay (10 g d−1) was fed either untreated or pre-treated with 0.2 g each of cellulase and xylanase, and in combination with no chemical or daily dosing of 20.5 µmol monensin, 20.5 µmol BES or 41 µmol BES. Pretreatment of hay with the fibrolytic enzymes increased (P < 0.05) organic matter (OM), cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities by 9, 15, and 20%, respectively, and increased (P < 0.05) methane production per gram digestible OM by 43%. With the enzyme treatment, both β-endoglucanase and xylanase activities were enhanced (P < 0.05). Application of the enzymes promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of methanogenic bacteria, with no effect on total bacterial or cellulolytic bacterial populations. α-Bromoethanesulfonate did not influence digestibility, but depressed (P < 0.005) methane production by 51%. Addition of BES inhibited (P < 0.05) growth of methanogenic bacteria, with no effect on either the total or cellulolytic bacterial populations. Monensin depressed (P < 0.05) OM, cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities by 15, 27 and 17%, respectively, and methane production by 78%. Treating grass hay with fibrolytic enzymes enhanced fiber digestion but also methane production. Including BES counteracted the methane production without affecting fiber digestion whereas monensin decreased both fiber digestion and methane production. Key words: Fibrolytic enzymes, α-bromoethanesulfonate, monensin, digestibility, methane, RUSITEC

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