Dietary fat supplementation effects on in vitro nutrient disappearance and in vivo nutrient intake and total tract digestibility by horses.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Bush ◽  
D E Freeman ◽  
K H Kline ◽  
N R Merchen ◽  
G C Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Supplementation

2 SPECIFIC FATTY ACID FOLLOW-UP REVEALS RUMEN-PROTECTED FAT SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS ON BOVINE OOCYTE QUALITY AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. González-Serrano ◽  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
V. Pirro ◽  
J. Heinzmann ◽  
K.-G. Hadeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fat Supplementation

Information on how supplementation of high-yield dairy cows with rumen-protected fat affects fertility in cattle herds is scarce. Here, Holstein-Friesian heifers (n = 84) received a supplement consisting of either rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; cis-9,trans-11-CLA and trans-10,cis-12-CLA) or stearic acid 18 : 0 (SA) on top of an isocaloric grass silage diet. Two supplementation doses were used (100 and 200 g d–1). Blood and follicular fluid were collected at the start and end of the supplementation period for analysis of cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and for fatty acid profiling. Although cholesterol, IGF, and NEFA levels did not differ among experimental groups, lipid profiles in blood and follicular fluid were affected in a dose-dependent manner by both supplements. After 45 days of supplementation, oocytes were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU). The mRNA relative abundance of target genes (IGF1r, GJA1, FASN, SREBP1, and SCAP) was analysed in single in vitro- (24 h IVM) and in vivo-matured (collected by OPU 20 h after GnRH injection) oocytes and in vitro-produced blastocysts (Day 8) by qPCR (n = 6/group). Lipid profiling of individual oocytes from the CLA-supplemented (n = 37) and the SA-supplemented (n = 50) was performed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Oocytes from the CLA-supplemented (n = 413) and the SA-supplemented (n = 350) groups were used for assessing maturation and blastocysts development rates. In immature oocytes, CLA supplementation led to an increase of triacylglycerol 52 : 3 [TAG (52 : 3)] and TAG (52 : 2), squalene, palmitic acid 16 : 0, and oleic acid 18 : 1, and decreased abundance of TAG (56 : 3), TAG (50 : 2) and TAG (48 : 1). In vitro-matured oocytes showed different lipid profiles, with increased abundances of TAG (52 : 3), and TAG (52 : 2) as well as phosphatidylinositol 34 : 1 [Plo (34 : 1)], whereas phosphatidylglycerol (34 : 1) [PG (34 : 1)] and palmitic acid 16 : 0 were less abundant in in vitro-matured oocytes. SCAP was significantly down-regulated in in vitro-matured oocytes from supplemented heifers compared with their in vivo-matured counterparts. Maturation (CLA = 74% v. SA = 67%) and blastocyst rates (CLA = 22.4% v. SA = 12.7%) were different among experimental groups. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test were applied for a multiple comparison of means (P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant). In conclusion, we demonstrate here that fatty acid monitoring along different compartments (i.e. blood system, follicular fluid, and intra-oocyte) after rumen-protected fat supplementation of dairy heifer diet reveals nutritional footprints on oocyte quality and embryo development. These results demonstrate the close relationship between nutrition and cattle herd's fertility and, at the same time, support the role of the bovine model for understanding nutritional-dependent fertility impairments.

Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lokesha ◽  
Bandla Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group

The Study was conducted to evaluate the additive effect of selected feed additives (Glycerol, a mixture of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE), a mixture of probiotics and rumen protected methionine (RPM) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The optimum dose of pre-mixture of feed additives (PFA) was evaluated by in vitro gas production technique in two stages. The marginal increase in Y-max and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for each incremental increase in PFA was compared graphically and it was found to be 1.7 %. In in vivo trial, 12 crossbred HF cows were equally divided into 3 groups based on milk yield and average days in lactation. The optimized dose of PFA was added to the concentrate supplements without (T1) or with buffer (T2), control group (CG) was fed with the basal diet (roughage: concentrate ratio of 60:40). Results indicated that PFA with or without buffer had no significant effect on nutrient intake and digestibility. Fat corrected milk yield (FCM), milk fat, total solids (TS) and milk protein were significantly (P Lass Than 0.01) increased in TGs than that of CG. From the results, it may be concluded that optimized PFA had an additive effect on milk production efficiency but not on nutrient intake and digestibility. Further, different groups of feed additives can be evaluated for additive effect, which may pave the way for commercial product preparation.

scholarly journals Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Savoini ◽  
Fabio Omodei Zorini ◽  
Greta Farina ◽  
Alessandro Agazzi ◽  
Donata Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Animal Products

Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.

scholarly journals A novel mechanism for gut barrier dysfunction by dietary fat: epithelial disruption by hydrophobic bile acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. G227-G234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta K. Stenman ◽  
Reetta Holma ◽  
Ariane Eggert ◽  
Riitta Korpela
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Integrity

Impairment of gut barrier is associated with a fat-rich diet, but mechanisms are unknown. We have earlier shown that dietary fat modifies fecal bile acids in mice, decreasing the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs. deoxycholic acid (DCA). To clarify the potential role of bile acids in fat-induced barrier dysfunction, we here investigated how physiological concentrations of DCA and UDCA affect barrier function in mouse intestinal tissue. Bile acid experiments were conducted in vitro in Ussing chambers using 4- and 20-kDa FITC-labeled dextrans. Epithelial integrity and inflammation were assayed by histology and Western blot analysis for cyclooxygenase-2. LPS was studied in DCA-induced barrier dysfunction. Finally, we investigated in a 10-wk in vivo feeding trial in mice the barrier-disrupting effect of a diet containing 0.1% DCA. DCA disrupted epithelial integrity dose dependently at 1–3 mM, which correspond to physiological concentrations on a high-fat diet. Low-fat diet-related concentrations of DCA had no effect. In vivo, the DCA-containing diet increased intestinal permeability 1.5-fold compared with control ( P = 0.016). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a clear disruption of the epithelial barrier by 3 mM DCA in vitro. A short-term treatment by DCA did not increase cyclooxygenase-2 content in colon preparations. UDCA did not affect barrier function itself, but it ameliorated DCA-induced barrier disruption at a 0.6 mM concentration. LPS had no significant effect on barrier function at 0.5–4.5 μg/ml concentrations. We suggest a novel mechanism for barrier dysfunction on a high-fat diet involving the effect of hydrophobic luminal bile acids.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in adult rat offspring associated with maternal dietary fat and alcohol consumption

2002 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Elton ◽  
JS Pennington ◽  
SA Lynch ◽  
FM Carver ◽  
SN Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Activity

Maternal diet during pregnancy has been reported to alter the offspring's ability to respond to a glucose challenge. The current studies report changes in basal and insulin-stimulated, in vitro glucose uptake in red (soleus) and white (extensor digitorum longus) muscle fiber types, as well as whole body insulin responsiveness of adult rat offspring associated with their mother's dietary fat and alcohol content during pregnancy. The offspring of Harlan-derived Sprague-Dawley female rats, dosed during pregnancy with ethanol (ETOH) via a liquid diet (35% of calories as ETOH) with either 12% or 35% of calories as fat, were compared with offspring from litters whose mothers were pair-fed an isocaloric amount of the liquid diet without ETOH. Maternal access to the liquid diets was terminated on day 20 of the pregnancies (sperm plug=day 0). The offspring were surrogate fostered within 48 h of birth to mothers which had consumed commercial chow throughout their pregnancy. Following weaning at 21 days of age, the offspring consumed only commercial rat chow and they were examined over the next 14 months for changes in glucose homeostasis as a consequence of in utero exposure to maternal dietary fat and/or alcohol. The 35% maternal fat diet resulted in both in vivo and in vitro decreases in insulin sensitivity. Thus, compared with adults whose mother's diet contained 12% fat, significant, in vitro muscle and in vivo whole body insulin resistance (measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping) was observed in adult rats whose mothers consumed 35% of dietary calories as fat. The addition of ethanol to the maternal 35% fat diet further reduced the offspring's red muscle tissues in vitro response to insulin, but did not affect whole body insulin sensitivity. Muscle basal and insulin-stimulated receptor tyrosine kinase activity were significantly decreased (approximately -50%) by the 35% fat maternal diet but there was no compensatory increase in serum insulin or glucose levels. Based upon both in vivo and in vitro data, these studies suggested that in utero exposure to 35% fat has a sustained effect on the adult offspring's glucose uptake/insulin sensitivity and that the effect is paralleled, at least in part, by decreased insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. In utero ETOH exposure resulted in the loss of basal and insulin-stimulated, in vitro glucose uptake in red muscle fibers but maternal dietary ETOH had no detectable effect on either in vivo insulin sensitivity or muscle tyrosine kinase activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Diet-Induced Obesity on Intestinal Stem Cells: Hyperproliferation but Impaired Intrinsic Function That Requires Insulin/IGF1

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 3302-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda T. Mah ◽  
Laurianne Van Landeghem ◽  
Hannah E. Gavin ◽  
Scott T. Magness ◽  
P. Kay Lund
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Reporter Mouse ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Egfp Reporter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nutrient intake regulates intestinal epithelial mass and crypt proliferation. Recent findings in model organisms and rodents indicate nutrient restriction impacts intestinal stem cells (ISC). Little is known about the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO), a model of excess nutrient intake on ISC. We used a Sox9-EGFP reporter mouse to test the hypothesis that an adaptive response to DIO or associated hyperinsulinemia involves expansion and hyperproliferation of ISC. The Sox9-EGFP reporter mouse allows study and isolation of ISC, progenitors, and differentiated lineages based on different Sox9-EGFP expression levels. Sox9-EGFP mice were fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to induce DIO and compared with littermates fed low-fat rodent chow. Histology, fluorescence activated cell sorting, and mRNA analyses measured impact of DIO on jejunal crypt-villus morphometry, numbers, and proliferation of different Sox9-EGFP cell populations and gene expression. An in vitro culture assay directly assessed functional capacity of isolated ISC. DIO mice exhibited significant increases in body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels and intestinal Igf1 mRNA. DIO mice had increased villus height and crypt density but decreased intestinal length and decreased numbers of Paneth and goblet cells. In vivo, DIO resulted in a selective expansion of Sox9-EGFPLow ISC and percentage of ISC in S-phase. ISC expansion significantly correlated with plasma insulin levels. In vitro, isolated ISC from DIO mice formed fewer enteroids in standard 3D Matrigel culture compared to controls, indicating impaired ISC function. This decreased enteroid formation in isolated ISC from DIO mice was rescued by exogenous insulin, IGF1, or both. We conclude that DIO induces specific increases in ISC and ISC hyperproliferation in vivo. However, isolated ISC from DIO mice have impaired intrinsic survival and growth in vitro that can be rescued by exogenous insulin or IGF1.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effect of Dietary Antioxidants on Cervical Cancer Development

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Ayumi Ono ◽  
Masafumi Koshiyama ◽  
Miwa Nakagawa ◽  
Yumiko Watanabe ◽  
Eri Ikuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development

Cervical cancer results from a continuous process, starting from a normal cervical epithelium after human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and progressing to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), before finally developing into invasive squamous carcinoma (ISC). In recent decades, dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins, have received much attention in relation to cancer prevention. We reviewed the relevant literature to investigate the dietary and nutrient intake on cervical cancer. The intake of vitamins A and D and carotenoids may inhibit early cervical cancer development. The intake of folate may prevent or inhibit HPV infection rom progressing to various grades of CIN. The intake of vitamins C and E may widely inhibit the process of cervical cancer development. Polyphenols are often used in cases of cervical cancer in combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Regarding nutrients, different antioxidants may have differing abilities to intervene in the natural history of cervical diseases associated with HPV infection. Regarding foods, the intake of both vegetables and fruits containing multiple vitamins may widely suppress cervical cancer development. Most previous papers have described epidemiological studies. Thus, further research using in vitro and in vivo approaches will be needed to clarify the effects of the dietary and nutrient intake in detail.

scholarly journals Nutritional assessment of waste of cassava starch extraction dried in cattle feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Rodrigo Cezar dos Reis Tinini ◽  
Eduardo Augusto da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cattle Feed

This study aimed to evaluate the digestive power of waste of cassava starch extraction dried (WCSEd) and corn, in addition to determining the appropriate level of WCSEd to replace corn in the diet of cattle. Studies to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in situ degradability were performed. The study used four cattle with rumen cannula, individually fed with diets containing increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of WCSEd to replace corn, to evaluate the dry matter and nutrient intake and digestibility, pH and ammonia concentration of rumen fluid. The WCSEd showed differences in the in vitro digestibility of DM, OM and NDF (P < 0.05) compared to corn, but did not change the NDT and in situ degradability. As for in vivo reviews, the DM and nutrient intake was influenced by treatments in decreasing order, resulting in changes in the digestibility of DM, OM and NDT of diet, and a decreased concentration of N-NH3, but the pH was not affected. The residue from the extraction of cassava starch showed lower in vitro digestibility; however, ruminal degradability did not differ from corn. Their use in ruminant feed reduces the intake and degradation of feed, but improves the use of N-NH3 in the rumen.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Dietary and Nutrient Intake on Gynecologic Cancers

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiyama
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Obese Women

The contribution of diet to cancer risk has been considered to be higher in advanced countries than in developing countries. In this paper, I review the current issues (a review of the relevant literature), and the effects of the dietary and nutrient intake on three types of gynecologic cancer (cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers). In cervical cancer, the most important roles of diet/nutrition in relation to cancer are prophylaxis and countermeasures against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The main preventive and reductive factors of cervical cancer are antioxidants, such as vitamin A, C, D and E, carotenoids, vegetables and fruits. These antioxidants may have different abilities to intervene in the natural history of diseases associated with HPV infection. For endometrial cancer, the increase in peripheral estrogens as a result of the aromatization of androgens to estrogens in adipose tissue in obese women and insulin resistance are risk factors. Thus, we must mainly take care to avoid the continuous intake of fat energy and sugar. In ovarian cancer, the etiology has not been fully understood. To the best of our knowledge, the long-term consumption of pro-inflammatory foods, including saturated fat, carbohydrates and animal proteins is a risk factor. The intake of acrylamide is also a risk factor for both endometrial and ovarian cancer. Most papers have been epidemiological studies. Thus, further research using in vitro and in vivo approaches is needed to clarify the effects of the dietary and nutrient intake in detail.

scholarly journals Study of Antiobesity Effect through Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase Activity ofDiospyros kakiFruit andCitrus unshiuPeel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyo-Nam Kim ◽  
Mi-Rae Shin ◽  
Sung Ho Shin ◽  
Ah Reum Lee ◽  
Joo Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fat Absorption

Pancreatic lipase is the enzyme responsible for digestion and absorption of triglycerides, being its inhibition one of the widest studied methods used to determine the potential activity of natural products to inhibit dietary fat absorption. Decrease of energy intake from dietary fat through inhibition of this enzyme may be an excellent strategy to prevent and treat obesity. The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme ofDiospyros kakifruit andCitrus unshiupeel mixture extract (PCM) was evaluatedin vitroand its antiobesity effects were studied based on the serum lipid parameters analysis from high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed micein vivo. PCM was orally administered at a dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks. In addition, the activity of pancreatic lipase was assessed using orlistat (positive control). PCM exhibited inhibitory effect on lipase activity with IC50value of 507.01 μg/mL. Moreover, serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol levels, and visceral fat weight were significantly reduced compared to HFD control mice in PCM 200 mg/kg-treated mice (p<0.05). These results suggest that PCM administration may be a novel potential antiobesity agent for reduction of fat absorption via inhibition of pancreatic lipase.

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