Energy requirements for maintenance of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montaño-Bermudez ◽  
M K Nielsen ◽  
G H Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Genetic Potential

Variation among twin beef cattle in maintenance energy requirements.

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Hotovy ◽  
K A Johnson ◽  
D E Johnson ◽  
G E Carstens ◽  
R M Bourdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy

VOLUNTARY ROUGHAGE INTAKE BY NONPREGNANT AND PREGNANT OR LACTATING BEEF COWS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. JORDAN ◽  
E. E. LISTER ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Full Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Pregnant and nonpregnant Shorthorns were group-fed either hay or grass silage ad libitum from December until midsummer in 2 successive yr. Stage of gestation at the start of feeding each year averaged 120 days. In the 1st yr the cows were housed and in the 2nd they were confined to outside paved lots. Until the start of calving, the pregnant groups tended to consume less than their nonpregnant counterparts. During the 2 wk before the start of calving this difference in intake between pregnant and nonpregnant cows increased up to 12%. However, it was only for the silage-fed, pregnant cows wintered outside that intake was clearly insufficient for maintenance up to 48 h postcalving. Depsite a rapid increase in postcalving intake, all lactating groups lost weight. Results indicated that pregnancy in beef cattle may reduce intake below that expected from nonpregnant animals and may result in insufficient forage consumption for maintenance. During early lactation, beef cows were unable to consume enough stored forage to meet their full energy requirements.

scholarly journals California net energy system for Bos taurus indicus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-998
Author(s):  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
Flávia Adriane de Sales Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus

Abstract The California net energy system (CNES) was the reference for the development of most energy requirement systems worldwide, such as Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (NASEM, Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 8th Revised ed, 2016) and Brazilian Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle (Valadares Filho, S. C., L. F. C. Silva, M. P. Gionbelli, P. P. Rotta, M. I. Marcondes, M. L. Chizzotti, and L. F. Prados, BR-CORTE: nutrient requirements of zebu and crossbred cattle, 3rd ed, 2016). This review aimed to compare methods used by NASEM and BR-CORTE to estimate the energy requirements for beef cattle. The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) of BR-CORTE is based on empty body weight (EBW), whereas NASEM uses shrunk body weight (SBW), but the Bos taurus indicus presents 10% to 8% lower NEm than Bos taurus taurus. We have compared animals with different EBW and SBW but with same equivalent empty body weight/standard reference weight ratio (0.75), as both systems have suggested different mature weights. Both systems predicted similar net energy requirements for gain (NEg) for animals with 1.8 kg of daily gain. However, estimated empty body gain was lower for NASEM estimations when the same metabolizable energy for gain is available. For pregnancy and lactation of beef cows, the NEm and net energy requirements for pregnancy (NEp) of a Zebu cow estimated by BR-CORTE were lower than the values estimated by NASEM. Furthermore, the magnitude of differences between these systems regarding NEp increased as pregnancy days increase. The NASEM and BR-CORTE systems have presented similar values for energy requirement for lactation (0.72 and 0.75 Mcal/kg milk, respectively).

Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Devos ◽  
Amir Behrouzi ◽  
Francois Paradis ◽  
Christina Straathof ◽  
Changxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Genetic Potential

Abstract Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI, were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 days of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared to moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle.

AN EVALUATION OF TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS, METABOLIZABLE ENERGY, AND NET ENERGY FOR THE PREDICTION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE IN ONTARIO

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
D. I. DICKIE ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
T. D. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Four studies and populations of beef animals were used to evaluate different methods of expressing energy requirements by comparing actual to predicted gains of bulls and steers fed in Ontario. Large differences between predicted and actual gains occurred. Based on a total of 503 animals, gains predicted by the net energy method (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1970. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. (4th rev.). Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. ISBN 0-309-01754-8; Washington, D.C.) were approximately 20% below the actual gains but exceptions within treatment groups were evident. Three hundred and twenty-five individually fed bulls were used to compare the accuracy with which gains were predicted from equations using total digestible nutrients (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1963. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. 1137, Washington, D.C.) net energy (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1970. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. (4th rev.). Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. ISBN 0-309-01754-8, Washington, D.C), and metabolizable energy (Agricultural Research Council. 1965. The nutrient requirements of farm animals. No. 2. Ruminants. London, England). The metabolizable energy method predicted gains most accurately.

scholarly journals PEWARISAN GEN SAPI KEMBAR: PELUANG PENINGKATAN POPULASI DI INDONESIA / The Inheritance of Twinning Gene in Cattle: Option for Population Improvemnet in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Bess Tiesnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Local Farmers

<p>The evidence of cattle with twinning birth is reported over the world, as well as in Indonesia, with the frequency in dairy cattle is a bit higher compared to beef cattle (4ƒ{10% : 1%). The heritability of twinning cattle is considered to be low, so does for the repeatability. This paper outlines the inheritance of twin born cattle, its geographic distribution and utilization for population accelaration as well as its contribution for meat supply. In Indonesia, twin born cattles are reported in 11 provinces and occured in Ongole crossbred (PO), Bali, Angus, Aceh, SimmentalxPO crossbred, LimousinexPO crossbred and FH breeds. The occurence of cattle with twinning birth in dairy and beef cattle is around 27.250 and 165.990 heads, with estimation 13.625 and 82.995 heads of dairy and beef cows, respectively. The optimistic scenario is expected to deliver 19.735 and 71.406 heads of dairy and beef calves every year, whereas pesimistic scenario resulting the birth of dairy and beef calves of 10.306 and 50.875 heads, respectively. These scenarios contribute to 2,6% and 1,8% of national calves born (3.500.000 heads every year) for optimistic and pesimistic scenarios, respectively, indicating that twinning genes in cattle do not significantly contribute to the addition of calves born in Indonesia. Several efforts to maintain the the population of twin born cattle can be conducted through option such as a) to maintain the twin born cattle population to the institution belongs to government or private; b) to allow farmers to raise the twin born cattle and c) to empower local farmers association as a networking who raise the twin born cattle. Eventhough the twin born calves contribution is low for national calves born, however, it is suggested to keep the genetic values for further requirement in the future, to provide technologies for early identification or moleculer of twinning cattle carriers as well as to explore the genetic potential for further development. In the future, development of the twinning cattle can be conducted through frozen sperm distribution for artificial insemination.</p><p>Keywords: Beef cattle, dairy cattle, gene for twinning, heritability</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sapi dengan potensi beranak kembar memiliki frekuensi kelahiran lebih tinggi pada sapi perah (410%) dibanding sapi potong (1%). Laju pewarisan (heritabilitas) sifat kelahiran kembar sangat rendah, demikian pula dengan laju pengulangan (ripitabilitas). Tulisan ini membahas sifat pewarisan gen sapi beranak kembar di Indonesia, distribusi sapi dengan potensi gen kelahiran kembar, peluang pemanfaatannya bagi peningkatan populasi dan penyediaan daging sapi. Di Indonesia, kelahiran kembar sapi terdapat di 11 provinsi dan terjadi pada rumpun sapi PO, Aceh, Bali, FH, persilangan Aberden Angus, persilangan Simmental x PO, persilangan Limousine x PO. Gen beranak kembar sapi perah dan sapi potong berturut turut diperkirakan sekitar 27.250 ekor dan 165.990 ekor, dimana populasi sapi betina sekitar 13.625 dan 82.995 ekor untuk sapi perah dan sapi potong. Skenario optimis pemanfaatan gen sapi kembar , diharapkan dapat memberikan angka kelahiran sebanyak 19.735 dan 71.406 ekor, berturut-turut untuk sapi perah dan sapi potong. Sementara skenario pesimis menghasilkan kelahiran anak sapi perah dan sapi potong, berturut-turut sejumlah 10.306 dan 50.875 ekor. Kedua skenario tersebut menyumbang 2,6% (optimis) dan 1,8 % (pesimis) dari total kelahiran per tahun (3.500.000 ekor). Keberadaan sapi beranak kembar di Indonesia belum memberikan sumbangan nyata bagi peningkatan populasi, akan tetapi perlu dipertahankan keberadaannya. Berbagai usulan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan populasinya antara lain: a) pengumpulan di satu tempat, baik milik pemerintah atau swasta yang tertarik memelihara dan melakukan pengamatan dengan biaya yang sangat mahal; b) pemeliharaan sapi kembar diserahkan kepada peternak dengan konsekuensi sewaktu waktu akan punah karena keterbatasan kemampuan membiayai pemeliharaan, c) membentuk kelompok peternak pemelihara sapi kembar sebagai sarana pertukaran informasi. Namun demikian, eksplorasi sifat genetik perlu terus dilakukan baik secara konvensional maupun secara molekuler, sementara pengembangan sapi kembar dapat dilakukan melalui pembuatan semen beku yang diimplementasikan dengan teknologi inseminasi buatan.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Sapi potong, sapi perah, gen beranak kembar, heritability.</p>

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