Biological efficiency to weaning and to slaughter of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montaño-Bermudez ◽  
M K Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Potential

Testing two theories of feed intake using the effect of temperature on the intake of bulky feeds in pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
E.C. Whittemore ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
P.W. Knap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
High Bulk

Currently there are two theoretical frameworks for the prediction of feed intake of animals. The first considers feed intake to be a consequence of the animal eating to achieve its genetic potential (Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1999). When potential performance is not achieved it is because feed intake is being constrained, for example through the bulkiness of the feed or the hotness of the environment. The second framework considers feed intake to be an outcome of some process of optimisation so that intake is that which allows the maximisation of biological efficiency (Tolkamp and Ketelaars, 1992). The two frameworks differ in their predictions of the effect of temperature on the intake of bulky feeds. In the first, feed intake on bulky feeds is seen as a function of the type of feed; in the second, feed intake is a function of both the type of feed and the environment. The first framework predicts that in the cold the intake of low, but not high, bulk feeds will increase. The second framework predicts that in the cold intake will be increased regardless of the type of feed offered. This experiment was designed to provide a severe test of the two feed intake theories.

Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Devos ◽  
Amir Behrouzi ◽  
Francois Paradis ◽  
Christina Straathof ◽  
Changxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Genetic Potential

Abstract Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI, were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 days of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared to moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle.

Economic values of net reproduction and weight-for-age for use in genetic calculations applied to Australian beef cattle herds

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Morris
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Weight For Age

Economic values were estimated for net reproduction (N) and carcase weight production (P) in beef cattle herds. Weight selection referred to selecting for weight-for-age, not relative growth. Calculations were based on data that apply to the last seven years of Australian production. If considered only in terms of the change in total value of beef sold, a 5% increase in N or P gave an increase of about 4.1 %, according to the model. Improvements in biological efficiency, measured on a herd basis as total food energy input per unit weight of beef produced, were expected to be about - 2.5% per 5% dN/N, according to the model. Values for P were determined by the fundamental assumptions of the model, with literature review estimates having suggested no change in biological efficiency (as long as N remained constant). Small improvements in N resulted in a reduction in both food and non-food costs per unit of meat value sold. Economic efficiency (E) was defined as total costs per unit of meat value sold from breeding stock and growing-fattening stock, with reductions in E being favourable. In total, a 5% improvement in N yielded a change of about - 3% in E. The extent of change in E following selection for P (and for liveweight at the same time) depended on the assumptions applying, particularly with respect to food requirements and correlated cow weight changes. The most likely value was about - 2.5% dE/E for + 5% dP/P. Translated into a profit equation (H) on a dollar per cow-year basis, the most likely formula was H = 140n + 0.51 p, where n and p referred to small improvements in N and P per year, and N is a decimal fraction (not percentage), and P in kg.

Energy requirements for maintenance of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montaño-Bermudez ◽  
M K Nielsen ◽  
G H Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Genetic Potential

scholarly journals PEWARISAN GEN SAPI KEMBAR: PELUANG PENINGKATAN POPULASI DI INDONESIA / The Inheritance of Twinning Gene in Cattle: Option for Population Improvemnet in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Bess Tiesnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Local Farmers

<p>The evidence of cattle with twinning birth is reported over the world, as well as in Indonesia, with the frequency in dairy cattle is a bit higher compared to beef cattle (4ƒ{10% : 1%). The heritability of twinning cattle is considered to be low, so does for the repeatability. This paper outlines the inheritance of twin born cattle, its geographic distribution and utilization for population accelaration as well as its contribution for meat supply. In Indonesia, twin born cattles are reported in 11 provinces and occured in Ongole crossbred (PO), Bali, Angus, Aceh, SimmentalxPO crossbred, LimousinexPO crossbred and FH breeds. The occurence of cattle with twinning birth in dairy and beef cattle is around 27.250 and 165.990 heads, with estimation 13.625 and 82.995 heads of dairy and beef cows, respectively. The optimistic scenario is expected to deliver 19.735 and 71.406 heads of dairy and beef calves every year, whereas pesimistic scenario resulting the birth of dairy and beef calves of 10.306 and 50.875 heads, respectively. These scenarios contribute to 2,6% and 1,8% of national calves born (3.500.000 heads every year) for optimistic and pesimistic scenarios, respectively, indicating that twinning genes in cattle do not significantly contribute to the addition of calves born in Indonesia. Several efforts to maintain the the population of twin born cattle can be conducted through option such as a) to maintain the twin born cattle population to the institution belongs to government or private; b) to allow farmers to raise the twin born cattle and c) to empower local farmers association as a networking who raise the twin born cattle. Eventhough the twin born calves contribution is low for national calves born, however, it is suggested to keep the genetic values for further requirement in the future, to provide technologies for early identification or moleculer of twinning cattle carriers as well as to explore the genetic potential for further development. In the future, development of the twinning cattle can be conducted through frozen sperm distribution for artificial insemination.</p><p>Keywords: Beef cattle, dairy cattle, gene for twinning, heritability</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sapi dengan potensi beranak kembar memiliki frekuensi kelahiran lebih tinggi pada sapi perah (410%) dibanding sapi potong (1%). Laju pewarisan (heritabilitas) sifat kelahiran kembar sangat rendah, demikian pula dengan laju pengulangan (ripitabilitas). Tulisan ini membahas sifat pewarisan gen sapi beranak kembar di Indonesia, distribusi sapi dengan potensi gen kelahiran kembar, peluang pemanfaatannya bagi peningkatan populasi dan penyediaan daging sapi. Di Indonesia, kelahiran kembar sapi terdapat di 11 provinsi dan terjadi pada rumpun sapi PO, Aceh, Bali, FH, persilangan Aberden Angus, persilangan Simmental x PO, persilangan Limousine x PO. Gen beranak kembar sapi perah dan sapi potong berturut turut diperkirakan sekitar 27.250 ekor dan 165.990 ekor, dimana populasi sapi betina sekitar 13.625 dan 82.995 ekor untuk sapi perah dan sapi potong. Skenario optimis pemanfaatan gen sapi kembar , diharapkan dapat memberikan angka kelahiran sebanyak 19.735 dan 71.406 ekor, berturut-turut untuk sapi perah dan sapi potong. Sementara skenario pesimis menghasilkan kelahiran anak sapi perah dan sapi potong, berturut-turut sejumlah 10.306 dan 50.875 ekor. Kedua skenario tersebut menyumbang 2,6% (optimis) dan 1,8 % (pesimis) dari total kelahiran per tahun (3.500.000 ekor). Keberadaan sapi beranak kembar di Indonesia belum memberikan sumbangan nyata bagi peningkatan populasi, akan tetapi perlu dipertahankan keberadaannya. Berbagai usulan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan populasinya antara lain: a) pengumpulan di satu tempat, baik milik pemerintah atau swasta yang tertarik memelihara dan melakukan pengamatan dengan biaya yang sangat mahal; b) pemeliharaan sapi kembar diserahkan kepada peternak dengan konsekuensi sewaktu waktu akan punah karena keterbatasan kemampuan membiayai pemeliharaan, c) membentuk kelompok peternak pemelihara sapi kembar sebagai sarana pertukaran informasi. Namun demikian, eksplorasi sifat genetik perlu terus dilakukan baik secara konvensional maupun secara molekuler, sementara pengembangan sapi kembar dapat dilakukan melalui pembuatan semen beku yang diimplementasikan dengan teknologi inseminasi buatan.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Sapi potong, sapi perah, gen beranak kembar, heritability.</p>

scholarly journals PSXII-37 Effects of different sources of monensin on performance and carcass traits of feedlot beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
Juliano José R Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Augusto A Teixeira ◽  
Lorena E L M Bomfim ◽  
Victor R M Couto ◽  
Catarina N Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of monensin source on performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On d 0 of the study, 240 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 363.2 ± 40.9 kg) were ranked and blocked according to initial BW, whereas within blocks animals were allotted into pens and randomly assigned into 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no ionophore feeding (CONT), 2) CONT diet plus 28 ppm (mg/kg DM) of monensin sodium-A (Rumensin ™ -200; Elanco Animal Health), and 3) CONT diet plus 28 ppm monensin sodium-B (generic). The experimental period lasted 104 d and was divided into a 21-d adaptation period and an 83-d finishing phase. During the adaptation phase, both monensin sources increased (P ≤ 0.01) BW change, ADG, and F:G ratio, reducing the DMI variation (P = 0.02). When the entire experimental period was evaluated, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.26) on final BW, BW change, total DMI, DMI as % BW, and ADG. Nonetheless, DMI variation was reduced as monensin was included in the diet (P = 0.01) and, as expected, only MON-A improved the efficiency of the animals by reducing the F:G ratio (P = 0.05) compared with CONT and by reducing (P = 0.05) the biological efficiency when compared with the MON-B group. Additionally, carcass ADG tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for MON-A compared with MON-B, no other differences in the carcass characteristics were observed (P ≥ 0.53). In summary, monensin feeding reduced DMI variation in the feedlot, but the source of monensin is important for the feedlot scenario, given that only MON-A significantly benefited the performance during the finishing phase of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet.

The effect of stage of grass maturity at harvesting and restricting fermentation on the intake of grass silage by beef cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
L.E.R. Dawson ◽  
R.W.J. Steen ◽  
C.P. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Optimum Approach ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Intensive Breeding

In recent years there has been an improvement in the genetic potential of dairy cattle through intensive breeding programs and of beef cattle through a shift from native beef breeds to Continental breeds. These potential improvements can only be realised if increased intakes can be achieved. If conserved forages are to meet these higher nutrient requirements then the intake of conserved forages should be maximised. Two potential methods by which silage intake can be increased are by increasing silage digestibility through more frequent harvesting of grass (Gordon, 1989) or by restricting fermentation of the resulting silage (Doherty and Mayne, 1996). The objective of the current study was to examine the relative effects of digestibility and restricting fermentation on the intake of silage with the aim of establishing the optimum approach to achieving higher nutrient intakes from ensiled forages.

Metabolomic signature of genetic potential for muscularity in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nara R. B. Cônsolo ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Vicente M. Buarque ◽  
Luis C. Barbosa ◽  
Angel H. Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Potential

The effect of stage of grass maturity at harvesting and restricting fermentation on the intake of grass silage by beef cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
L.E.R. Dawson ◽  
R.W.J. Steen ◽  
C.P. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Optimum Approach ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Intensive Breeding

In recent years there has been an improvement in the genetic potential of dairy cattle through intensive breeding programs and of beef cattle through a shift from native beef breeds to Continental breeds. These potential improvements can only be realised if increased intakes can be achieved. If conserved forages are to meet these higher nutrient requirements then the intake of conserved forages should be maximised. Two potential methods by which silage intake can be increased are by increasing silage digestibility through more frequent harvesting of grass (Gordon, 1989) or by restricting fermentation of the resulting silage (Doherty and Mayne, 1996). The objective of the current study was to examine the relative effects of digestibility and restricting fermentation on the intake of silage with the aim of establishing the optimum approach to achieving higher nutrient intakes from ensiled forages.

Utilization of the sex-determining region Y gene in beef cattle breeding schemes

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Bishop ◽  
J. A. Woolliams
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Normal Males

AbstractIn mammals ‘maleness’, i.e. the presence of testes, is thought to be controlled by a single gene on the Y chromosome. Recently, a candidate gene termed the SRY (sex-determining region Y) gene has been located. If the SRY gene is the gene causing maleness then a transgenic male with the SRY gene on an autosome would produce a greater proportion of male offspring than a normal male. This would be advantageous in situations where male offspring are more valuable than females. Such transgenic males have a reduced probability of propagating their genotype and an effort has to be made to avoid their extinction. This is at the cost of genetic progress which must be made to enable the transgenics to remain competitive with normal males.In a simulated beef cattle breeding scheme if half of the annual matings were made to transgenics then after 15 years of selection the transgenic males fell the equivalent of 2·6 years of selection behind males in a traditional herd. If all matings were made to transgenics they fell over 9 years behind. Selection for lean food conversion ratio was considered as an example. After 15 years of selection the gain in biological efficiency from more male offspring outweighed the loss from reduced genetic progress only when more than 0·5 of the bulls used in the breeding scheme were normal males. In practice, the difficulty of maintaining a small population of transgenic males along with other costs not included in the calculations suggest that breeding schemes in beef cattle with an SRY transgene would not be practicable without further technology.

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