Prediction of the Energy Requirements for Growth in Beef Cattle

2015 ◽  
pp. 189-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements

Variation among twin beef cattle in maintenance energy requirements.

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Hotovy ◽  
K A Johnson ◽  
D E Johnson ◽  
G E Carstens ◽  
R M Bourdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy

VOLUNTARY ROUGHAGE INTAKE BY NONPREGNANT AND PREGNANT OR LACTATING BEEF COWS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. JORDAN ◽  
E. E. LISTER ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Full Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Pregnant and nonpregnant Shorthorns were group-fed either hay or grass silage ad libitum from December until midsummer in 2 successive yr. Stage of gestation at the start of feeding each year averaged 120 days. In the 1st yr the cows were housed and in the 2nd they were confined to outside paved lots. Until the start of calving, the pregnant groups tended to consume less than their nonpregnant counterparts. During the 2 wk before the start of calving this difference in intake between pregnant and nonpregnant cows increased up to 12%. However, it was only for the silage-fed, pregnant cows wintered outside that intake was clearly insufficient for maintenance up to 48 h postcalving. Depsite a rapid increase in postcalving intake, all lactating groups lost weight. Results indicated that pregnancy in beef cattle may reduce intake below that expected from nonpregnant animals and may result in insufficient forage consumption for maintenance. During early lactation, beef cows were unable to consume enough stored forage to meet their full energy requirements.

scholarly journals California net energy system for Bos taurus indicus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-998
Author(s):  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
Flávia Adriane de Sales Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus

Abstract The California net energy system (CNES) was the reference for the development of most energy requirement systems worldwide, such as Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (NASEM, Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 8th Revised ed, 2016) and Brazilian Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle (Valadares Filho, S. C., L. F. C. Silva, M. P. Gionbelli, P. P. Rotta, M. I. Marcondes, M. L. Chizzotti, and L. F. Prados, BR-CORTE: nutrient requirements of zebu and crossbred cattle, 3rd ed, 2016). This review aimed to compare methods used by NASEM and BR-CORTE to estimate the energy requirements for beef cattle. The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) of BR-CORTE is based on empty body weight (EBW), whereas NASEM uses shrunk body weight (SBW), but the Bos taurus indicus presents 10% to 8% lower NEm than Bos taurus taurus. We have compared animals with different EBW and SBW but with same equivalent empty body weight/standard reference weight ratio (0.75), as both systems have suggested different mature weights. Both systems predicted similar net energy requirements for gain (NEg) for animals with 1.8 kg of daily gain. However, estimated empty body gain was lower for NASEM estimations when the same metabolizable energy for gain is available. For pregnancy and lactation of beef cows, the NEm and net energy requirements for pregnancy (NEp) of a Zebu cow estimated by BR-CORTE were lower than the values estimated by NASEM. Furthermore, the magnitude of differences between these systems regarding NEp increased as pregnancy days increase. The NASEM and BR-CORTE systems have presented similar values for energy requirement for lactation (0.72 and 0.75 Mcal/kg milk, respectively).

AN EVALUATION OF TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS, METABOLIZABLE ENERGY, AND NET ENERGY FOR THE PREDICTION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE IN ONTARIO

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
D. I. DICKIE ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
T. D. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Four studies and populations of beef animals were used to evaluate different methods of expressing energy requirements by comparing actual to predicted gains of bulls and steers fed in Ontario. Large differences between predicted and actual gains occurred. Based on a total of 503 animals, gains predicted by the net energy method (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1970. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. (4th rev.). Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. ISBN 0-309-01754-8; Washington, D.C.) were approximately 20% below the actual gains but exceptions within treatment groups were evident. Three hundred and twenty-five individually fed bulls were used to compare the accuracy with which gains were predicted from equations using total digestible nutrients (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1963. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. 1137, Washington, D.C.) net energy (National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. 1970. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. (4th rev.). Nat. Acad. Sci., Publ. ISBN 0-309-01754-8, Washington, D.C), and metabolizable energy (Agricultural Research Council. 1965. The nutrient requirements of farm animals. No. 2. Ruminants. London, England). The metabolizable energy method predicted gains most accurately.

Energy requirements for maintenance of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montaño-Bermudez ◽  
M K Nielsen ◽  
G H Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Genetic Potential

scholarly journals Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieh Brosh ◽  
Gordon Carstens ◽  
Kristen Johnson ◽  
Ariel Shabtay ◽  
Joshuah Miron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Effective Selection

Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Energy Requirements of Beef Cattle: Current Energy Systems and Factors Influencing Energy Requirements for Maintenance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia ◽  
Denise Lowe ◽  
Francis Lively
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

The present review compared features of the UK system for predicting energy requirements in beef cattle with a number of feeding systems developed from research institutes consortiums around the world. In addition, energy requirements for maintenance calculated from studies conducted at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) in Northern Ireland since the 1990s were compared with compiled data from recent peer-review papers published over the last decade (2009–2020). The mean metabolisable energy requirement for the maintenance (MEm) of growing cattle was 0.672 MJ/kg0.75 according to values obtained from calorimetry studies conducted at AFBI. This value is respectively 8.2 and 19.5% greater than the MEm values obtained by the Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) equations, but it is in close agreement with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) approach, when assuming a Bos taurus bull (300 kg LW) and an efficiency for converting energy for maintenance (km) of 0.65. Most of the literature data on energy requirements for the maintenance for this animal category were obtained from studies conducted with Bos indicus animals and their crossbreds in Brazilian conditions with this confirming lower requirements of these animals when compared to pure Bos taurus cattle. A simulation of the total ME requirements calculated for an Angus × Friesian steer (LW = 416 kg) offered good quality grass silage, indicated that both AFRC and NASEM systems overestimate (38.5 and 20.5%, respectively) the observed efficiency of converting ME for growth (kg). When the total ME requirements (maintenance + growth) were assessed, both systems underpredicted total ME requirement in 15.8 and 22.1 MJ/d. The mean MEm requirements for suckler cows obtained from the literature (0.596 MJ/kg0.75) is on average 19.1% greater than predictions given by both AFRC and INRA (lactation) equations when considering a 550 kg cow and a km value of 0.72. Although no differences in net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were detected between dry and lactating suckler cows, as expected the later displayed greater variation as a result of differences in milk production. On this regard, the INRA model recognise increased NEm requirements for lactating animals compared to dry cows. The re-evaluation of the concept of diet metabolisability and the analysis of existing data on compensatory growth responses are recommended for future updates of the British system (AFRC) having in to account the particularities of grass-based systems in the UK.

scholarly journals Enteric Methane Emission, Energetic Efficiency and Energy Requirements for the Maintenance of Beef Cattle in the Tropics

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natthamon TANGJITWATTANACHAI ◽  
Ittipon PHAOWPHAISAL ◽  
Makoto OTSUKA ◽  
Kritapon SOMMART
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
The Tropics
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document