scholarly journals Impact of 24 h of isolation and confinement exposure on psychological state of healthy human volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
SS Mohapatra ◽  
K Anand ◽  
AVK Raju
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: During space missions, crew is encountered with various psychological challenges. One major challenge during space mission is the issue of isolation and confinement. Understanding of human behavior and performance in isolated and confined environment (ICE) has been the area of interest for all those involved in human space program. Ground-based mission-specific studies are necessary before undertaking any specific mission so that the psychological impact of ICE can be investigated in details. The first human space flight of India, which may be launched in the near future, may involve for a duration not more than 24 h. This scientific experiment was undertaken with an aim to study the impact of 24 h isolation and confinement on psychological state of healthy human volunteers. Material and Methods: During 24 h period of isolation and confinement, 10 healthy human volunteers were evaluated every 10–12 h with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect State (PANAS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) in the existing Isolation cum Group Confinement laboratory of Institute of Aerospace Medicne (IAM). Similar psychological evaluation was also carried out among nine healthy individuals who served as controls. Results: There was a momentary increase in state anxiety level during early period of isolation and confinement exposure (ICE). However, the anxiety level returned to pre-exposure level after 24 h. Furthermore, there was a significant drop in the level of negative emotions among the subject group as well as among control group in the morning of day 2 though there was no significant change in the positive emotions. Over the period of 24 h of isolation and confinement, neither the subject group nor the control group showed statistically significant changes in the total mood disturbance. None of the groups showed any significant changes in any of the POMS subscales, that is, anger-hostility, confusion-bewilderment, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and tension-anxiety except for vigor-activity. Thus, a stable mood state was observed among the participants. Conclusion: Before exposure to isolation and confinement, the subject group exhibited a higher level of “State” anxiety on day 1 which had returned to pre-exposure level in the morning of day 2. In both days, the state of positive emotions was statistically insignificant among subject as well as among control group. However, a significant decrease in the level of negative emotions among the subject group and control group was observed. There was no significant change in the mood state in the study group as well as in the control group.

scholarly journals Incidence of associated events during the performance of invasive procedures in healthy human volunteers

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grant Highstead ◽  
Kevin D. Tipton ◽  
Daniel L. Creson ◽  
Robert R. Wolfe ◽  
Arny A. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Femoral Catheter ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
General Clinical Research Center ◽  
Femoral Catheterization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Premature Removal

Metabolic investigations often utilize arteriovenous sampling and muscle biopsy. These investigations represent some risk to the subject. We examined 369 studies performed in the General Clinical Research Center between January 1994 and May 2003 for events related to femoral catheterization and muscle biopsies. Incidents were further examined by age (younger: 18–59 yr, n = 133; and older: 60–76 yr, n = 28). There were no clinically defined major complications associated with either procedure. The incidence of femoral catheter repositioning or reinsertion was higher in the older group (25.5 vs. 9.7%). There was no difference in the incidence of premature removal of catheters, ecchymosis or hematoma, or the persistence of pain after discharge. The occurrence of all incidents did not increase with multiple catheterizations. Muscle biopsy was associated with infrequent ecchymosis or hematoma in both groups (1.1 and 3.6% in younger and older groups, respectively). Both procedures entail a small likelihood of a vagallike response (3.3% overall), resulting in nausea, dizziness, and rarely a loss of consciousness. These results indicate that, in skilled hands and a defined clinical setting, the incidents associated with femoral catheterization and muscle biopsy in healthy volunteers are reasonable and largely controllable.

scholarly journals The Effect of Speciality Designated Core Exercises on Upper Exterimity Posture Structures of Male High School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ercan Gür ◽  
Gürkan Tokgöz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study is to research on the effect of core exercises on the upper extremity posture structure of young individuals. 30 male students between 16 to 18 years old studying in a high school in the province of Elazig and not doing regular sport volunteered for this study. The participants were randomly divided into two as the subject group and the control group; each group was formed with 15 people. Out of the groups formed, the subject group carried out specially designated core exercises for 8 weeks, and for 3 days each week. The control group didn't do any work; they continued their normal lives. Before and after the study, the height, weight, body mass index, bodily fat percentage, upper extremity posture(from the front, back, right and left)of the subject and control groups formed were measured and the Adams(stoop) test was applied. The data obtained were analyzed through SPSS 22.0 statistical program. For the in-group and intergroup comparisons, ındependent samples T test and paired samples T test were used. After the statistical analysis, during the initial and subsequent test comparisons of the control group, no difference was detected in measurements apart from the one for shoulders from the anterior side. Statistical differences were determined for a lot of values during the comparison of the initial and subsequent test results of the subject group and during the comparison of the differences between the initial and subsequent test results of the subject and control group. In conclusion, it was determined that core exercises made a positive impact on the upper extremity posture structures of male individuals between the ages of 16 and 18. 

A Study of the Effectiveness of Empathic Experience Design as a Creativity Technique

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Genco ◽  
Danny Johnson ◽  
Katja Ho¨ltta¨-Otto ◽  
Carolyn Conner Seepersad
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Alarm Clock ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The need for innovation in product design is an ongoing challenge. Many methods have been proposed to create more innovative products and to better identify customer needs. In this study we introduce an Empathic Experience Design (EED) method to be used just prior to concept generation to help create more innovative concepts. The EED method exposes the designer to empathic experiences, which are designed to help the designer empathize with customers who use the product under a variety of non-ideal conditions. Separate experiments were conducted at two universities, in which students were asked to develop concepts for a next-generation alarm clock. Subject and control experiments were designed and implemented, and the resulting concepts were analyzed to determine the originality and technical quality of each concept. The subject group concepts, which were developed after participating in the empathic experiences, were compared with the control group concepts, which were developed without empathic experiences. At each university, the subject group concepts demonstrated significantly higher originality, relative to the control group concepts, without any sacrifice in technical quality.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level on Strength and Endurance in Male Wrestlers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Selin Baikoglu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
The Subject

90–95% of vitamin D which has the supreme function of regulating many metabolisms in tissues and organs, is taken from the sunlight through skin. Since wrestling is performed in sun-protected sports halls, we think that a vitamin D replacement will improve the performance of wrestlers, especially as the limited exposure to sunlight is compared to outdoor sports branches. The aim of our study is to increase the strength and endurance of male wrestlers by applying 25-Hydroxy vitamin D replacement together with general and wrestling-specific trainings for 8 weeks. 36 wrestlers participated in the study and were divided into two groups as subject and control groups. Group A (n: 18) was the exercise-subject group with a 25-hydroxy vitamin D replacement and group B (n: 18) was the exercise-control group without the vitamin D replacement applied. In the subject group, Devit-3 oral ampoule 1 ml (300,000 I.U.) replacement was applied to the wrestlers whose 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were below 20 ng/mL. Wrestlers were pre-tested one week before the replacement. After 8 weeks, they were post-tested and their vitamin D levels were measured again. Wrestlers in the control group were tested at the beginning and end of the 8-week training program without the vitamin D supplementation. In the analysis of the data, a Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test (one of the nonparametric tests) was used in accordance with the distribution width when the averages of the groups were evaluated in terms of significance with each other. The values that were p < 0.05 as the significance level of the data were accepted as statistically significant and the evaluations were made accordingly. When the results of the analysis were examined, it was seen that 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of the wrestlers increased from 13.85 ng/ml to 26.28 ng/ml after the replacement applied to the wrestlers in the subject group. It was observed that while vitamin D levels of the group increased, their aerobic endurance decreased to 132.22 ± 9.69 from 150.33 ± 20.98 (p < 0.05). Thus, their aerobic endurance improved statistically significant. No statistically significant value was obtained in the test analysis of the wrestlers in the control group. The analysis results obtained from the study showed that the 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in athletes increased and their aerobic capacity also increased after vitamin D induction. It is possible to say that vitamin supplementation together with 8 weeks training program is more effective for athletes to improve their strength and endurance.

scholarly journals Listening to music in the context of developing and encouraging creative thinking in upper elementary school students

Norma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Vesna Živković
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Upper Elementary School ◽  
The Subject

The subject Music Culture, and especially the subject area Listening to Music, with its carefully designed procedures, methods, and activities, enables the enrichment of the spiritual aspect of the student's personality, as well as its harmonious development. Music is a source of positive emotions, pleasure and aesthetic experience, and is one of the favorite student activities. The paper discusses the problem of whether listening to music encourages and develops creative thinking in students. The sample included students in the fifth, sixth, and seventh grades of primary school (N = 108). Creative thinking was measured by a modified Torrance test of creative thinking. During the testing, the experimental group was exposed to the influence of auditory examples provided by the curriculum, while the control group performed the test without the presence of an auditory stimulus. The results of the research showed statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups, which confirms that listening to music encourages and develops creative thinking in students.

Improvement in ventilatory muscle function with running

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Robinson ◽  
J. M. Kjeldgaard
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Ventilatory Capacity ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Pressure ◽  
The Subject

We studied the effects of running on ventilatory muscle strength and endurance in 11 adults enrolled in a physical fitness program. Twelve healthy volunteers were used as a control group. Maximum expiratory pressure (Paomax), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), peak inspiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and maximum sustainable ventilatory capacity for 15 min (MSVC) were measured at 0, 10, and 20 wk. At the end of the 10-wk program, the subject group demonstrated a significant increase in both MSVC and MVV. At the end of the 20-wk period, the subject group demonstrated a significant increase in expiratory Paomax (14.4%), MVV (13.6%), and MSVC (15.8%). There was no significant change at the end of the 20-wk period in any of the tests in the control group. These data indicate that running can improve ventilatory muscle strength and endurance in healthy, previously sedentary individuals.

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

Overtraining of aerobic physical exercise reduce rats (Rattus norvegicus) memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ridla Parwata
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heavy Training

Overtraining syndrome is a decrease in physical capacity, emotions and immunity due to training that is too often without adequate periods of rest. Overtraining is often experienced by athletes who daily undergo heavy training with short break periods. This research aims to look at the effect of overtraining aerobic physical exercise on memory in mice. The research method was experimental in vivo with the subject of adult male rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Winstar strain aged 8-10 weeks, body weight 200-250 gr. Divided into three groups, namely the control group, aerobic group and overtraining group. The results of memory tests with water E Maze showed an increase in the duration of travel time and the number of animal errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0.003). This study concludes that overtraining aerobic physical exercise can reduce memory in rat hippocampus.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

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