scholarly journals Cognition and Emotion: The Cognitive Regulation of Emotions : A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Khatibi ◽  
Dr. Farideh Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
And Coping

One of life’s great challenges is successfully regulating emotions (Gross, 2002). The topic of emotion regulation has been of interest since Freud (1923) began to examine the relationship between the control of affective impulses and psychic health ( Krohne et al., 2002) . The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. Emotion regulation is defined and distinguished from coping, mood regulation, defense, and affect regulation (Gross, 1998). Many studies have been conducted in the field of cognition and emotion; e.g., emotion regulation: Past, present, future (Gross, 1999), the cognitive regulation of emotions: The role of success versus failure experience and coping dispositions (Krohne et al., 2002), the cognitive control of emotion (Ochsner and Gross, 2005), relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples, (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2002), incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders (Campbell-Sills et al., 2007), healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development (John and Gross, 2004), emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything (Gross, 2001 ),emotional states, attention, and working memory. Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition (Joormann and Gotlib, 2010), individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being (Gross and John, 2003), mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R)(Laurenceau, 2007), regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view (Kopp, 1989), basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations (Izard, 1992), emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children, (Carthy, 2010)

Trait Emotion Regulation Predicts Individual Differences in Momentary Emotion and Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-377
Author(s):  
Reed Maxwell ◽  
Steven Jay Lynn ◽  
Gregory P. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Open Question

A sizable literature has yet to establish a reliable empirical connection between the trait conceptualization of emotion regulation as habitual, cross-situation emotion regulation tendencies and its state conceptualization as real-time, fluid, momentary emotion–situation interactivity and dependency. Thus, an open question remains: Do self-reported differences in tendencies to use one or another emotion regulation strategy predict self-reported, momentary emotional states and experiences, and are differences in these emotional states consistent with differences in emotional reactivity observed in previous studies among individuals in experimental paradigms asked to make real-time use of the emotion regulation strategies represented by these trait measures? If trait measures of emotion regulation validly reflect actual uses of particular strategies (e.g., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), then these measures should predict individual differences in momentary emotions and experiences associated with habitual use of these strategies. Examining a sample of 177 participants, we found that differential endorsements of habitual strategy use on these measures were associated with individual differences in self-reported momentary emotion and experience that correspond to well-documented differences in reactivity reported among individuals instructed to apply these strategies in experimental settings. Limitations of these findings and suggestions for future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Mindfulness in Orphan and Parentless Adolescents as a Factor of Psychological Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I. Shulga
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

The article presents a study of mindfulness as a feature of consciousness in orphan and parentless adolescents. The adolescents’ mindfulness is analysed through their awareness of the ability to achieve positive psychological effects, including psychological well-being and resilience. The study employed the following 9 techniques: the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM); the Resilience Scale; the Self-Compassion Scale; the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire; the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale; the Gratitude Questionnaire; the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; the scales for measuring readiness to help and aggression in the classroom; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).The sample included 20 orphan and parentless adolescents. The study revealed that mindfulness is indeed a factor of psychological well-being. The educators of twenty organizations for orphans and children without parental care assessed the adolescents’ strengths and difficulties in order to evaluate their cognitive emotion regulation abilities.Сorrelation analysis allowed us to identify the relationship of mindfulness, psychological well-being indicators and emotional regulation with a number of social psychological characteristics of personality in the adolescents: indicators of positive psychological effects of mindfulness, in particular, humanity, resilience, competence (environmental management), and decrease of cognitive and emotional reactivity.

Assessment of health related issues in individuals’, couples’, and families’ daily life

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Perrez ◽  
Michael Reicherts ◽  
Yves Hänggi ◽  
Andrea B. Horn ◽  
Gisela Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Lower Variability

Abstract. Most research in health psychology is based on retrospective self reports, which are distorted by recall biases and have low ecological validity. To overcome such limitations we developed computer assisted diary approaches to assess health related behaviours in individuals’, couples’ and families’ daily life. The event- and time-sampling-based instruments serve to assess appraisals of the current situation, feelings of physical discomfort, current emotional states, conflict and emotion regulation in daily life. They have proved sufficient reliability and validity in the context of individual, couple and family research with respect to issues like emotion regulation and health. As examples: Regarding symptom reporting curvilinear pattern of frequencies over the day could be identified by parents and adolescents; or psychological well-being is associated with lower variability in basic affect dimensions. In addition, we report on preventive studies to improve parental skills and enhance their empathic competences towards their baby, and towards their partner.

Individual Differences in the Vitamin Model of Well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Warr
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Nonlinear Associations

Prominent among frameworks of well-being is the Vitamin Model, which emphasizes nonlinear associations with environmental features. The Vitamin Model has previously been described through average patterns for people in general, but we need also to explore inter-individual variations. For presentation, those differences can either be viewed generically, based on divergence in age, personality and so on, or through short-term episodes of emotion regulation, such as through situation-specific attentional focus and reappraisal. Both long-term and short-term variations are considered here.

Quality of Life Change and Individual Differences in Stimulus Screening in Relation to Incidence of Illness

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mehrabian ◽  
Marion Ross
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
High Arousal

A considerable amount of evidence indicates that a high rate of life changes—a source of continued and unavoidable arousal—is detrimental to health and psychological well-being. The present study hypothesized that sustained high-arousal states are unpreferred and that the persistence of unpreferred emotional states is harmful. Using a conceptual framework for a comprehensive description of emotional states and the differential preferences for these, it is possible to make more precise predictions on the illness consequences of emotionally unpreferred life changes. Particular hypotheses which received support were that more arousing life changes are more conducive to illness; that among the more arousing life changes, unpleasant changes are associated with more illness than pleasant ones; that unpleasant life changes are more detrimental to health when combined with dominance-inducing life changes; and that arousing life changes are particularly harmful to more arousable (non-screening) individuals.

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Jermann ◽  
Martial Van der Linden ◽  
Mathieu d'Acremont ◽  
Ariane Zermatten
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
French Version ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The main purpose of this study was to validate a French version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). A sample of 224 young adults completed the French translation of the CERQ and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that a nine-factor model also explained the data collected with the French version. Internal reliability scores for each strategy ranged from .68 to .87. As in the original version, we found that the emotion regulation strategies could be grouped into adaptive and less adaptive cognitive regulation strategies. In addition, we observed that Self-blame and Rumination are key cognitive regulation strategies predicting whether high or low depressive symptoms are reported.

scholarly journals Cognitive emotion regulation and personality: an analysis of individual differences in the neural and behavioral correlates of successful reappraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Scheffel ◽  
Kersten Diers ◽  
Sabine Schönfeld ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Relaxation Period ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract A common and mostly effective emotion regulation strategy is reappraisal. During reappraisal, activity in cognitive control brain regions increases and activity in brain regions associated with emotion responding (e.g., the amygdala) diminishes. Immediately after reappraisal, it has been observed that activity in the amygdala increases again, which might reflect a paradoxical aftereffect. While there is extensive empirical evidence for these neural correlates of emotion regulation, only few studies targeted the association with individual differences in personality traits. The aim of this study is to investigate these associations more thoroughly. Seventy-six healthy participants completed measures of broad personality traits (Big Five, Positive and Negative Affect) as well as of more narrow traits (habitual use of emotion regulation) and performed an experimental fMRI reappraisal task. Participants were instructed to either permit their emotions or to detach themselves from the presented negative and neutral pictures. After each picture, a relaxation period was included. Reappraisal success was determined by arousal ratings and activity in the amygdala. During reappraisal, we found activation in the prefrontal cortex and deactivation in the left amygdala. During the relaxation period, an immediate aftereffect was found in occipital regions and marginally in the amygdala. Neither personality traits nor habitual use of emotion regulation predicted reappraisal success or the magnitude of the aftereffect. We replicated typical activation and deactivation patterns during intentional emotion regulation and partially replicated the immediate aftereffect in the amygdala. However, there was no association between personality traits and emotion regulation success.

scholarly journals Creating an Internal Environment of Cognitive and Psycho-Emotional Well-Being through an External Movement-Based Environment: An Overview of Quadrato Motor Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio De Fano ◽  
Rotem Leshem ◽  
Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sensorimotor Training ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Mental Well Being

In this overview, we discuss the internal and external environmental factors associated with cognitive and psycho-emotional well-being in the context of physical activity and Mindful Movement. Our key argument is that improved cognitive and emotional functions associated with mental well-being can be achieved by an external, Mindful Movement-based environment training called Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT is a structured sensorimotor training program aimed at improving coordination, attention, and emotional well-being through behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and molecular changes. In accordance with this argument, we first describe the general neurobiological mechanisms underpinning emotional states and emotion regulation. Next, we review the relationships between QMT, positive emotional state, and increased emotion regulation, and discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these relationships. We consider the relationships between motion, emotion, and cognition, and highlight the need for integrated training paradigms involving these three trajectories. Such training paradigms provide cognitively engaging exercises to improve emotion regulation, which in turn affects adaptive behaviors. Finally, we address the broader implications of improving cognitive and emotional functioning through Mindful Movement training for environmental research and public health.

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