scholarly journals Weight Bias in Hiring

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2, 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Applicant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Methodist University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Larger Sample

This study’s purpose was to assess the prevalence of weight bias in the hiring of female applicants among students attending Southern Methodist University. Weight bias in hiring for a CEO position was assessed in 87 total male and female participants by viewing one of two possible applicants’ resumés – one slim and one overweight female. Experience and qualifications for each resumé were identical, only the headshots differed. Participants saw either the overweight applicant or the slim applicant, after which they filled out a questionnaire that asked them to indicate whether they would hire the individual and state the reason for their decision. We found no significant difference between which applicant participants chose to hire. Gender did not predict which applicant participants were more likely to hire or reject. These findings contradicted our hypotheses. We had predicted that the overweight female applicant would have been hired less by participants, relative to the slim applicant. Additionally, we had predicted that this weight bias against the overweight female applicant would have a higher incidence in males. Similar studies going forward should focus on providing a truly random sample of participants and use clearer instructions to read to the participant. Experimenters should also consider using in-person interviews instead of resumés, and perhaps a larger sample size to determine if in fact there was a detectable effect present. Remaining limitations and explanations for the results will be presented in the discussion.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BODY SELF-RELATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ranjini Karthikeyan ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Individual

Body self-relation is a multidimensional construct defined by persons" perceptions of and attitudes about their body. Body image does not simply reflect the biological enrichment of the individual or the feedback received from the significant others. The way you perceive about your body is your cognitive body image. This can lead to excessive concern with body shape and weight. Behaviors in which you relate as a result of your body image encompass your behavioral body image. A study based on the gender differences in body relation relating to young adults rating the comparison in perception of both male and female data. Hundred participants of both male and female took part in answering the by Multidimensional body selfrelations questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). Results demonstrated by Mann Whitney U test revealed that there is significant difference between male and female young adults in their relation to body self, p<0.05, (2- tailed) in appearance orientation. There is no statistical sig.>0.05 differences in the other dimensions. Therefore, this study rejects the null hypothesis in (dimension) appearance orientation and accepts the null hypothesis (dimensions) in appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight. Keywords: body self-relation; gender differences

Effects of hoof shape, body mass and velocity on surface strain in the wall of the unshod forehoof of Standardbreds trotting on a treadmill

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Thomason ◽  
WW Bignell ◽  
D Batiste ◽  
W Sears
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Shape Variable ◽  
Bivariate Regression ◽  
Toe Angle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of body mass (BM), velocity (V), and hoof shape on compressive surface strains in the wall of the front hoof at the trot. Toe angle (TA), heel angle (HA), toe length (TL), medial and lateral wall length (MWL, LWL) and BM were measured for nine adult, unshod Standardbreds. Five rosette gauges were glued around the circumference of the left forehoof of each animal which was then trotted on a treadmill at a set range of velocities from 3.5 to 7.5 m s−1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of principal compressive strains ɛ2 at midstance identified that all primary variables (BM, V, TA, HA, etc.) had a significant effect as did the interactions of TA×HA and BM×TA. These significant variables explained over 96% of the variation in ɛ2. Multiple regression of ɛ2 on these variables gave equations which accurately predicted ɛ2 within 3%, but the individual coefficients did not accurately describe how each variable affected ɛ2. Further tests using bivariate regression gave equations that enabled ɛ2 data to be standardized for BM and V at the gauge locations used here. Strain ɛ2 increased linearly with mass and curvilinearly with velocity (ɛ2∝V+V2), and both caused redistribution of strain to the dorsum and lateral quarter. Variation in each shape variable caused redistribution rather than simple increase or decrease in strains. The primary conclusion with regard to hoof shape is that the effects of change in any one measurement on strain magnitudes are affected by the values of all other measurements. Resolving the interplay among measurements in their effects on ɛ2 will need a considerably larger sample size than that used here.

scholarly journals Reduction in Absolute Neutrophil Counts in Patient on Clozapine Infected with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11289
Author(s):  
Fitri Fareez Ramli ◽  
Adli Ali ◽  
Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim ◽  
Yusof Kamisah ◽  
Normala Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Larger Sample

Despite its severe adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis, clozapine is the primary treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The established clozapine monitoring system has contributed to reducing agranulocytosis incidence and mortality rates. However, the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused changes in the monitoring system. This review aimed to assess the current evidence on the neutrophil changes in the patient on clozapine treatment and infected with COVID-19. Individual cases reported various absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels, normal, reduced, or elevated. No agranulocytosis case was reported. One case had a borderline moderate-severe ANC level, but the patient was in the 18-week period of clozapine treatment. A cumulative analysis of case the series initially reported inconclusive results. However, a more recent study with a larger sample size reported a significant reduction in the ANC during COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, this effect is transient as no significant difference was found between the baseline and the post-infection period in ANC levels. In conclusion, COVID-19 is associated with a temporary reduction in ANC levels. The results supported the recommendation to reduce the frequency of clozapine monitoring in the eligible candidates. However, more data are required to confirm the current findings given the limitations, including study design, sample size, and statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Gender Dependence In Mouth Opening Dimensions In Normal Adult Malaysians Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ramizu Shaari ◽  
Teoh Eng Hwa ◽  
Shaifulizan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Dependence ◽  
Larger Sample

While measurement of mouth opening is an important clinica examination in diagnosis and management of oral disease, data on non-Western populations are limited. This study was therefore conducted to determine the range of mouth opening in normal Malaysian male and female adults. A total of 34 dental students of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) were chosen randomly and their maximum mouth opening was measured after being asked to open their mouth sufficiently to accommodate three fingers. Measurement was performed from the edge of the upper incisor to the lower incisor using a caliper divider. The difference of median values between male (47.6 mm) and female (40.8 mm) were significant respectively (p<0.05). Thus the width of mouth opening in Malaysian student population is gender dependent although further study with a larger sample size and with other ethnic groups should be carried out, focusing on age.

Proteinuria and onchocerciasis in an endemic area in Cameroon under community-based treatment with ivermectin

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
C E Ebong ◽  
G A Alemnji ◽  
G Ashuntantang ◽  
T Asonganyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Larger Sample

The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of onchocerciasis and proteinuria as well as the association between manifestations of heavy chronic onchocerciasis (HCO) and proteinuria among patients in Cameroon. Of the 482 (277: 57.5% females and 205: 42.5% males) subjects recruited from an area with an ivermectin treatment coverage rate of 77.8%, the average prevalence of microfilaridermia by skin snip (mf/ss) was 31.9%, the community microfilaria load was 9.3 mf/ss and the overall prevalence of proteinuria was 4.4%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of symptoms of HCO when subjects were matched in the presence and absence of proteinuria with regard to positive ss ( P = 0.0860), presence of nodules ( P = 0.5000), depigmentation ( P = 0.1459), visual impairment ( P = 0.5000) and recent ingestion of ivermectin ( P = 0.6366). Fourteen (66.6%) of the 21 subjects with protein to creatinine ratios (P/CR) 0.2 had HCO, while 15 (71.4%) of the 21 subjects with P/CR < 0.2 had HCO. This gives an odd ratio of 0.8 and a P value of 0.62. However, there is need to carry out studies with a larger sample size before firm conclusions can be drawn about the association between onchocerciasis and proteinuria.

Short Implants in Maxillary and Mandibular Rehabilitations: Interim Results (6 to 42 Months) of a Prospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Taschieri ◽  
Stefano Corbella ◽  
Raffaella Molinari ◽  
Massimo Saita ◽  
Massimo Del Fabbro
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Bone Height ◽  
Larger Sample

The aim of this single-cohort study was to evaluate clinical survival and success of partial rehabilitation supported by reduced-length implants in maxilla and mandible. Data from 53 short implants placed in 41 patients are presented. Before surgery mean residual bone height was 6.21 ± 1.05 mm in the upper jaw and 10.73 ± 1.63 mm in the mandible. None of the implants failed, and the cumulative survival rate was 100% at 1 year after prosthetic loading. Mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.69 ± 0.24 mm for maxillary implants and 0.73 ± 0.23 mm for mandibular implants, and there was no significant difference between the 2 jaws. No complications were recorded. Despite the limitations of this study concerning study design and sample size, short implants may be considered effective in supporting partial rehabilitation in both maxilla and mandible. More well-designed studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to validate the use of short implants.

scholarly journals Correlation between the distance of maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in different arch form

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ateyya Natasha Mohd Zali ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari ◽  
Hasna Dziab
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Arch Form ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arch Forms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender Factor

In edentulous treatment, relocation of anterior teeth in the preexisting natural position is the utmost importance. It is necessary to refer to the significant anatomical landmarks, one of them is incisive papilla. To make it more efficient both functionally and biologically, the teeth were arranged in particular geometric manner known as a dental arch. The author has chosen to conducted the research among the Malay race represented by the Malay undergraduate students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the distance of maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla (CI-IP) in different arch form and gender. Maxillary impressions of 34 dentate individuals were taken, and the measurements were performed using a digital caliper. The results showed the CI-IP distance was ranging between 7.65 to 9.90 mm, with the average of 8.77 mm. There was no significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female regardless of their arch forms (p>0.05). Individuals with ovoid and tapered arch form, however, showed a significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female (p<0.05). Meanwhile, Individuals with square arch form showed no significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female (p>0.05). It can be concluded that gender factor was irrelevant towards the CI-IP distance regardless of the individual arch form. However, there was a correlation between the CI-IP distance in different arch forms in both male and female sample.

scholarly journals Impact of TV Violence on Aggression of Youth; A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Students of Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Qadir ◽  
Shafiq Jullandhry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Convenience Sampling

This study focuses on impact of TV violence on aggression young viewers of Lahore. For this study 500 (Male, 250 and Female 250) students are taken as a sample size from different universities of Lahore. Data is collected through stratified and convenience sampling technique from the targeted population. Major results indicate the significant difference in exposure to TV violence and aggression of male and female students. Major results of statistical tests male student exposure and attitude to TV violence has significant impact on aggression but exposure of female student has not significant impact on aggression whereas attitude to TV violence has significant impact on aggression. Further, there is also need to set some sort of filters on media contents which are presenting violence.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Personal Values of Male and Female Secondary Teachers of Rewari District

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goldy Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Core ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Value makes life worthwhile, education enriches it and society provides circumstances in which one could lead it successfully or whatever it may mean from time to time. Whole educational system revolves around the teachers. Teachers occupy the pivot role. He is at the core of the process who can ‘mend or end’ the future of the individual, society and nation. But the teachers’ thinking, feeling and actions are guided by his personal values. It is a matter of great sorrow that today secondary teachers have proved themselves worthless to great extent. They have not been justifying themselves as they thought to have their educational growth, standard, ideology and other aspects of their personality are embarrassing to the society. What is the mirror of their value pattern, how it can be modified; for it, the researcher took a sample of 100 secondary teachers; out of which 50 male and 50 female secondary teachers. After collecting and analyzing data, it was found that there is significant difference between the personal values of male and female secondary teachers at religious value, social value, democratic value, hedonistic and power value.

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