Control of Low Speed Cavity Flow Using Streamwise Tabs at Leading Edge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunachalapandian Sathianarayanan ◽  
Lakshmi Venkatakrishnan ◽  
S D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Low Speed

Numerical Investigation of the Solidity Effect on Linear Compressor Cascades

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sans ◽  
M. Resmini ◽  
J.-F. Brouckaert ◽  
S. Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Minimum Loss ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
High Mach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Solidity in compressors is defined as the ratio of the aerodynamic chord over the peripheral distance between two adjacent blades, the pitch. This parameter is simply the inverse of the pitch-to-chord ratio generally used in turbines. Solidity must be selected at the earliest design phase, i.e. at the level of the meridional design and represents a crucial step in the whole design process. Most of the existing studies on this topic rely on low-speed compressor cascade correlations from Carter or Lieblein. The aim of this work is to update those correlations for state-of-the-art controlled diffusion blades, and extend their application to high Mach number flow regimes more typical of modern compressors. Another objective is also to improve the physical understanding of the solidity effect on compressor performance and stability. A numerical investigation has been performed using the commercial software FINE/Turbo. Two different blade profiles were selected and investigated in the compressible flow regime as an extension to the low-speed data on which the correlations are based. The first cascade uses a standard double circular arc profile, extensively referenced in the literature, while the second configuration uses a state-of-the-art CDB, representative of low pressure compressor stator mid-span profile. Both profiles have been designed with the same inlet and outlet metal angles and the same maximum thickness but the camber and thickness distributions, the stagger angle and the leading edge geometry of the CDB have been optimized. The determination of minimum loss, optimum incidence and deviation is addressed and compared with existing correlations for both configurations and various Mach numbers that have been selected in order to match typical booster stall and choke operating conditions. The emphasis is set on the minimum loss performance at mid-span. The impact of the solidity on the operating range and the stability of the cascade are also studied.

Endwall Boundary Layer Development in an Engine Representative Four-Stage Low Pressure Turbine Rig

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vera ◽  
Elena de la Rosa Blanco ◽  
Howard Hodson ◽  
Raul Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
The State ◽  
Linear Cascade ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Transitional Boundary Layer ◽  
Passage Vortex

Research by de la Rosa Blanco et al. (“Influence of the State of the Inlet Endwall Boundary Layer on the Interaction Between the Pressure Surface Separation and the Endwall Flows,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A, 217, pp. 433–441) in a linear cascade of low pressure turbine (LPT) blades has shown that the position and strength of the vortices forming the endwall flows depend on the state of the inlet endwall boundary layer, i.e., whether it is laminar or turbulent. This determines, amongst other effects, the location where the inlet boundary layer rolls up into a passage vortex, the amount of fluid that is entrained into the passage vortex, and the interaction of the vortex with the pressure side separation bubble. As a consequence, the mass-averaged stagnation pressure loss and therefore the design of a LPT depend on the state of the inlet endwall boundary layer. Unfortunately, the state of the boundary layer along the hub and casing under realistic engine conditions is not known. The results presented in this paper are taken from hot-film measurements performed on the casing of the fourth stage of the nozzle guide vanes of the cold flow affordable near term low emission (ANTLE) LPT rig. These results are compared with those from a low speed linear cascade of similar LPT blades. In the four-stage LPT rig, a transitional boundary layer has been found on the platforms upstream of the leading edge of the blades. The boundary layer is more turbulent near the leading edge of the blade and for higher Reynolds numbers. Within the passage, for both the cold flow four-stage rig and the low speed linear cascade, the new inlet boundary layer formed behind the pressure leg of the horseshoe vortex is a transitional boundary layer. The transition process progresses from the pressure to the suction surface of the passage in the direction of the secondary flow.

Steady Performance of a Flexible Hydrofoil Near a Free Surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Salwa M. Rashad ◽  
Theodore Green
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Cavity Length ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
The Galerkin Method

A linearized cavity-flow theory is used to develop a mathematical model to study the steady characteristics of a flexible hydrofoil near a free surface. The Galerkin method is employed to account for the mutual interaction between the fluid and structure forces. Cheng and Rott's method [1]2 is used to derive general expressions for the deformation characteristics in steady flow of an arbitrarily shaped hydrofoil, with a clamped trailing edge and free leading edge. From the analysis it is possible to determine the lift and drag coefficients, cavity length, and the foil steady deformation for any given specific foil shape, cavitation number, angle of attack, flow depth/chord ratio and rigidity. Sample numerical results are given, and the effects of flexibility and the proximity of the free surface are discussed. Chordwise flexibility tends to increase drag and decrease lift coefficients. This effect is more serious near the free surface. A slight increase of the thickness near the leading edge diminishes the flexibility effects.

Investigation of Unsteady Flow Field in a Low-Speed One and a Half Stage Axial Compressor: Effects of Tip Gap Size on the Tip Clearance Flow Structure at Near Stall Operation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunill Hah ◽  
Michael Hathaway ◽  
Joseph Katz
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Vortex

The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of rotor tip gap size on how the rotor unsteady tip clearance flow structure changes in a low speed one and half stage axial compressor at near stall operation (for example, where maximum pressure rise is obtained). A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied to calculate the unsteady flow field at this flow condition with both a small and a large tip gaps. The numerically obtained flow fields at the small clearance matches fairly well with the available initial measurements obtained at the Johns Hopkins University with 3-D unsteady PIV in an index-matched test facility which renders the compressor blades and casing optically transparent. With this setup, the unsteady velocity field in the entire flow domain, including the flow inside the tip gap, can be measured. The numerical results are also compared with previously published measurements in a low speed single stage compressor (Maerz et al. [2002]). The current study shows that, with the smaller rotor tip gap, the tip clearance vortex moves to the leading edge plane at near stall operating condition, creating a nearly circumferentially aligned vortex that persists around the entire rotor. On the other hand, with a large tip gap, the clearance vortex stays inside the blade passage at near stall operation. With the large tip gap, flow instability and related large pressure fluctuation at the leading edge are observed in this one and a half stage compressor. Detailed examination of the unsteady flow structure in this compressor stage reveals that the flow instability is due to shed vortices near the leading edge, and not due to a three-dimensional separation vortex originating from the suction side of the blade, which is commonly referred to during a spike-type stall inception. The entire tip clearance flow is highly unsteady. Many vortex structures in the tip clearance flow, including the sheet vortex system near the casing, interact with each other. The core tip clearance vortex, which is formed with the rotor tip gap flows near the leading edge, is also highly unsteady or intermittent due to pressure oscillations near the leading edge and varies from passage to passage. For the current compressor stage, the evidence does not seem to support that a classical vortex breakup occurs in any organized way, even with the large tip gap. Although wakes from the IGV influence the tip clearance flow in the rotor, the major characteristics of rotor tip clearance flows in isolated or single stage rotors are observed in this one and a half stage axial compressor.

Cavity Flow Control in a Low-Speed Tunnel in Preparation for Flight Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wood ◽  
Ryan Saunders ◽  
Mark F. Reeder ◽  
Kenneth O. Granlund
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Low Speed

Effects of Weak Free Stream Nonuniformity on Boundary Layer Transition

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Watmuff
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Bypass Transition ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
Thickness Variations

Experiments are described in which well-defined weak Free Stream Nonuniformity (FSN) is introduced by placing fine wires upstream of the leading edge of a flat plate. Large amplitude spanwise thickness variations form in the boundary layer as a result of the interaction between the steady laminar wakes from the wires and the leading edge. The centerline of a region of elevated layer thickness is aligned with the centerline of the wake in the freestream and the response is shown to be remarkably sensitive to the spanwise length-scale of the wakes. The region of elevated thickness is equivalent to a long narrow low speed streak in the layer. Elevated Free Stream Turbulence (FST) levels are known to produce randomly forming arrays of long narrow low speed streaks in laminar boundary layers. Therefore the characteristics of the streaks resulting from the FSN are studied in detail in an effort to gain some insight into bypass transition that occurs at elevated FST levels. The shape factors of the profiles in the vicinity of the streak appear to be unaltered from the Blasius value, even though the magnitude of the local thickness variations are as large as 60% of that of the undisturbed layer. Regions of elevated background unsteadiness appear on either side of the streak and it is shown that they are most likely the result of small amplitude spanwise modulation of the layer thickness. The background unsteadiness shares many of the characteristics of Klebanoff modes observed at elevated FST levels. However, the layer remains laminar to the end of the test section (Rx≈1.4×106) and there is no evidence of bursting or other phenomena associated with breakdown to turbulence. A vibrating ribbon apparatus is used to examine interactions between the streak and Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves. The deformation of the mean flow introduced by the streak is responsible for substantial phase and amplitude distortion of the waves and the breakdown of the distorted waves is more complex and it occurs at a lower Reynolds number than the breakdown of the K-type secondary instability that is observed when the FSN is not present.

scholarly journals Experiments on the Effects of Reynolds Number and Advance Ratio on the Unfolding of Disorganization in Low-Speed Underwater Propulsors With Vibrating Blades

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Promode R. Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Limit Cycle Oscillation ◽  
Blade Vibration ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Aircraft Wings ◽  
Wall Boundary Layer ◽  
Cycle Oscillation

Ships and submarines are acoustic hazards to marine life. The rational control of acoustic radiation would be possible at least at low Reynolds numbers if the underlying organization buried in seeming randomness is revealed. We build a novel low-speed propulsor where all blades undergo small-amplitude pitch oscillation while spinning at large pitch angles at transitional chord Reynolds numbers (3.75 × 103 ≤ Rec ≤ 3.75 × 104) and advance ratios (0.51 ≤ J ≤ 4.89). We measure and model time-averaged and temporal thrust. The relationship between the time-averaged and the temporal thrust is observed when the latter is mapped as limit cycle oscillation (LCO), or departure from it. High-thrust coefficients occurring at large (30 deg and 45 deg) angles of amplitude of blade vibration are modeled assuming poststall lift enhancement due to flapping blades when a leading edge vortex (LEV) forms, while the lower thrust coefficients occurring at 20 deg are modeled by its absence. The disorganization in temporal thrust increases with J and Rec. An external orthogonal oscillator, perhaps a vibration, is modeled to couple with the thrust oscillator for temporal control of disorganization. The unfolding disorganization is seen as a departure from LCO, and it is attenuated by smooth-wall boundary-layer fencing, compared to unfenced smooth and rough surfaces. When the fencing properties of the leading edge tubercles of whale fins are recognized, the ratio of the spacing of the fences and chord is found to be similar (0.5–1.0) in both whale flippers and aircraft wings.

Applications of Low-Speed Dynamic-Stall Model to the NREL Airfoils

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanan Sheng ◽  
Roderick A. McD. Galbraith ◽  
Frank N. Coton
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Dynamic Stall ◽  
State University ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Helicopter Blades ◽  
Mach Numbers ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Low Sensitivity

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA (NREL) airfoils have been specially developed for wind turbine applications, and projected to yield more annual energy without increasing the maximum power level. These airfoils are designed to have a limited maximum lift and relatively low sensitivity to leading-edge roughness. As a result, these airfoils have quite different leading-edge profiles from airfoils applied to helicopter blades, and thus, quite different dynamic-stall characteristics. Unfortunately for wind turbine aerodynamics, the dynamic-stall models in use are still those specially developed and refined for helicopter applications. A good example is the Leishman–Beddoes dynamic-stall model, which is one of the most popular models in wind turbine applications. The consequence is that the application of such dynamic-stall model to low-speed cases can be problematic. Recently, some specific dynamic-stall models have been proposed or tuned for the cases of low Mach numbers, but their universality needs further validation. This paper considers the application of the modified dynamic low-speed stall model of Sheng et al. (“A Modified Dynamic Stall Model for Low Mach Numbers,” 2008, ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng., 130(3), pp. 031013) to the NREL airfoils. The predictions are compared with the data of the NREL airfoils tested at the Ohio State University. The current research has two objectives: to justify the suitability of the low-speed dynamic-stall model, and to provide the relevant parameters for the NREL airfoils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document