Stable High Concentration Matrix Isolation of High Energy Species

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bates
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Isolation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Concentration

scholarly journals Advanced Nonflammable Localized High‐Concentration Electrolyte for High Energy Density Lithium Battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmin Jia ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Yawei Guo ◽  
Linshan Peng ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Concentration

scholarly journals Porous Aromatic Melamine Schiff Bases as Highly Efficient Media for Carbon Dioxide Storage

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad M. Omer ◽  
Emaad T. B. Al-Tikrity ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Mohammed F. Alotibi ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Average Pore

High energy demand has led to excessive fuel consumption and high-concentration CO2 production. CO2 release causes serious environmental problems such as the rise in the Earth’s temperature, leading to global warming. Thus, chemical industries are under severe pressure to provide a solution to the problems associated with fuel consumption and to reduce CO2 emission at the source. To this effect, herein, four highly porous aromatic Schiff bases derived from melamine were investigated as potential media for CO2 capture. Since these Schiff bases are highly aromatic, porous, and have a high content of heteroatoms (nitrogen and oxygen), they can serve as CO2 storage media. The surface morphology of the Schiff bases was investigated through field emission scanning electron microscopy, and their physical properties were determined by gas adsorption experiments. The Schiff bases had a pore volume of 0.005–0.036 cm3/g, an average pore diameter of 1.69–3.363 nm, and a small Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (5.2–11.6 m2/g). The Schiff bases showed remarkable CO2 uptake (up to 2.33 mmol/g; 10.0 wt%) at 323 K and 40 bars. The Schiff base containing the 4-nitrophenyl substituent was the most efficient medium for CO2 adsorption and, therefore, can be used as a gas sorbent.

scholarly journals High-Energy Solid Fuel Obtained from Carbonized Rice Starch

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Very High

The paper describes the investigations of the physicochemical properties of biocoal, a solid fuel obtained following the carbonization of rice starch. The production of biocoal (carbonization) was completed at the temperature of 600 °C in the nitrogen atmosphere. As a result of the carbonization, amorphous carbon with high monodispersity was obtained, devoided of oxygen elements and was a very well developed BET specific surface—360 m2 g−1. The investigations of the technical parameters have confirmed a very high concentration of energy. The calorific value of 53.21 MJ kg−1 and the combustion heat of 54.92 MJ kg−1 are significantly higher than those of starch before carbonization (18.72 MJ kg−1 and 19.43 MJ kg−1, respectively) and these values for typical biomass fuels. These values are also greater than those of hard coal. Other advantageous features of the obtained fuel are low ash (0.84%) and moisture content. These features predispose this fuel for the application as an alternative to conventional fuels.

scholarly journals Properties of AlMg3 Aluminium Alloy Joints Welded by Electron Beam Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mirosław Czechowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Kinetic Energy

Abstract Electron beam welding, called electron welding consists in penetrating the elements being welded with heat obtained from the elements’ bombardment in vacuum with concentrated electron beam of high energy. Concentration of the electron beam of high kinetic energy in a very small space results in generating the heat of high concentration causing melting of material in high depth. During the metal melting the electron beam makes a narrow weld of little heat affected zone (HAZ). This paper presents the test results on selection of parameters of electron beam welding of 12 mm thickness sheets of AlMg3 aluminum alloy. The beam electron melting through was carried out in vacuum by means of the welding machine WS-15 KW/100 KV. Before melting, the sheets were degreased in tetrachloroethylene and oxides were removed with 15% solution Na2Co3. The influence of electron beam melting through of sheets on their mechanical properties was tested as well as resistance to stress corrosion cracking and resistance to corrosion in fast seawater flow (10 m/s). The slow strain rate stress corrosion tests in the air and artificial seawater were performed. It was found that electron beam melting through of the AlMg3 alloy does not decrease the mechanical properties in comparison to the native material. The crack during the static tension test had ductile character and proceeded in the native material. AlMg3 alloy melting with electron beam shows a very good stress corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Role of inner solvation sheath within salt–solvent complexes in tailoring electrode/electrolyte interphases for lithium metal batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (46) ◽  
pp. 28603-28613
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Ren ◽  
Peiyuan Gao ◽  
Lianfeng Zou ◽  
Shuhong Jiao ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
General Rule ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Proton Charge

Functional electrolyte is the key to stabilize the highly reductive lithium (Li) metal anode and the high-voltage cathode for long-life, high-energy-density rechargeable Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, fundamental mechanisms on the interactions between reactive electrodes and electrolytes are still not well understood. Recently localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) are emerging as a promising electrolyte design strategy for LMBs. Here, we use LHCEs as an ideal platform to investigate the fundamental correlation between the reactive characteristics of the inner solvation sheath on electrode surfaces due to their unique solvation structures. The effects of a series of LHCEs with model electrolyte solvents (carbonate, sulfone, phosphate, and ether) on the stability of high-voltage LMBs are systematically studied. The stabilities of electrodes in different LHCEs indicate the intrinsic synergistic effects between the salt and the solvent when they coexist on electrode surfaces. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal an intriguing general rule that the strong interactions between the salt and the solvent in the inner solvation sheath promote their intermolecular proton/charge transfer reactions, which dictates the properties of the electrode/electrolyte interphases and thus the battery performances.

Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhu ◽  
C. S. Bai ◽  
X. S. Guo ◽  
Y. L. Xue ◽  
Kazuo Ataku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plastic Bags

Combining corn with legumes for silage is a feasible strategy to improve crude protein concentration in corn silage. This study was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics and overall nutritive value of ensiled corn (Zea mays L.), vine peas (Pisum sativum L.), and mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The two crops were ensiled in corn/pea mixtures containing 0, 33, 50, 67, and 100% corn in vacuumed plastic bags for 60 days at room temperature. The addition of peas to corn crude protein and dry matter concentrations in the ensiled forages had a negligible influence on neutral detergent fibre concentration compared with corn silage. Corn silage had a greater (P < 0.05) lactic acid concentration than vine peas silage and the mixtures. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in in vitro dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility among the silages made from the vine peas, corn, and mixtures. Improved fermentation characteristics were obtained in vine peas and corn mixture silage at a ratio of 33 : 67 compared with the other mixtures and vine peas silage. Results generated from this study suggest that combining vine peas with corn for silage could provide livestock with not only a high energy concentration feed, but a high concentration of crude protein as well.

Electrochemical Removal Cyanide in Wastewater by Ti/RuO2-Pt Electrodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2290-2293
Author(s):  
Chang Hang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Pt Electrodes ◽  
Operating Current

A laboratory-scale electrolytic cell with a Ti/RuO2-Pt anode and a Ti cathode was developed to treat high concentration cyanide-contained wastewater. The effects of the different electrode distances, concentration of chlorine anion and current densities, on the CN- removal were investigated. The results shown the too short and long electrode distance resulted in high energy consumption and low current, the appropriate electrode distance was essential. The CN- removal was very significant at the electrode distance was 9 cm, and the removal efficiency reached 99.2%. The removal CN- electrochemical oxidation was mainly attributed the success to in direct oxidation effect of chlorine /hypo-chlorite produced during the electrochemical reaction process. The CN- removal efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of chloride ion and operating current density. The optimum experimental condition was set at the electrode distance of 9 cm, NaCl dosage of 0.5 g/L, the current density of 10 mA/cm2, and pH of 12. At the optimum experimental condition, the CN- concentration in the solution decreased from 150.33 mg/L to 1.20 mg/L, and the CN- removal efficiency reached 99.2%.

Recycled Material for Sensible Heat Based Thermal Energy Storage to be Used in Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Py ◽  
Nicolas Calvet ◽  
Régis Olives ◽  
Antoine Meffre ◽  
Patrick Echegut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Investment Cost

Current technologies of concentrated solar power plants (CSP) are under extensive industrial development but still suffer from lack of adapted thermal energy storage (TES) materials and systems. In the case of extended storage (some hours), thousands of tonnes of materials are concerned leading to high investment cost, high energy and GHG contents and major conflicts of use. In this paper, recycled industrial ceramics made by vitrification of asbestos containing wastes (ACW) are studied as candidates to be used as sensible TES material. The material presents no hazard, no environmental impact, good thermophysical properties (λ= 1.4 W m−1 K−1; Cp = 1025 J kg−1 K−1; ρ= 3100 kg m−3) and at very low investment cost. Thanks to the vitrification process of the wastes, the obtained ceramics is very stable up to 1200 °C and can be directly manufactured with the desired shape. The vitrified ACW can be used as TES material for all kinds of the CSP processes (from medium up to high concentration levels) with properties in the same range than other available materials but with lower cost and without conflict of use. The proposed approach leads also to sustainable TES allowing a pay back of the energy needed for the initial waste treatment. Furthermore, this new use of the matter can enhance the waste treatment industry instead of land fill disposal.

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