Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhu ◽  
C. S. Bai ◽  
X. S. Guo ◽  
Y. L. Xue ◽  
Kazuo Ataku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plastic Bags

Combining corn with legumes for silage is a feasible strategy to improve crude protein concentration in corn silage. This study was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics and overall nutritive value of ensiled corn (Zea mays L.), vine peas (Pisum sativum L.), and mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The two crops were ensiled in corn/pea mixtures containing 0, 33, 50, 67, and 100% corn in vacuumed plastic bags for 60 days at room temperature. The addition of peas to corn crude protein and dry matter concentrations in the ensiled forages had a negligible influence on neutral detergent fibre concentration compared with corn silage. Corn silage had a greater (P < 0.05) lactic acid concentration than vine peas silage and the mixtures. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in in vitro dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility among the silages made from the vine peas, corn, and mixtures. Improved fermentation characteristics were obtained in vine peas and corn mixture silage at a ratio of 33 : 67 compared with the other mixtures and vine peas silage. Results generated from this study suggest that combining vine peas with corn for silage could provide livestock with not only a high energy concentration feed, but a high concentration of crude protein as well.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

scholarly journals SWARD STRUCTURE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF UROCHLOA RUZIZIENSIS UNDER NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILISATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
KARLA RODRIGUES DE LIMA ◽  
◽  
CARLOS AUGUSTO BRANDÃO DE CARVALHO ◽  
FLAVIO HENRIQUE VIDAL AZEVEDO ◽  
PEDRO ANTONIO MUNINZ MALAFAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation on the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis during the summer of 2010/2011 and autumn, winter, spring and summer of 2011/2012. A complete randomised block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 N and K2O) and five replicates were used. The data were analysed under the PROC MIXED of SAS®. The following variables were evaluated: sward height; forage mass; forage bulk density; percentages of leaf blade dry matter, stem dry matter, and dead material dry matter; leaf blade:stem ratio; contents of dry matter and crude protein; in vitro digestibility of dry matter; neutral detergent fibre content; and lignin content of Urochloa ruziziensis. There was an interaction between the N and K levels of fertilisation and the season for all variables. In addition, there was a positive linear effect of the N and K levels of fertilisation on the forage accumulation rate, the crude protein content and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and a negative linear effect these levels on the neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents during the spring and summer of 2011/2012. N and K fertilisation and the climate changes characteristic of each season jointly affected the accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis. N and K fertilisation up to 360 kg ha-1 year-1 improved the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis.

scholarly journals Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops grown on Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Abate Tedla ◽  
Helena Airaksinen ◽  
M. A. Mohamed-Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The influence of the improved drainage broadbed and furrow (BBF), as opposed to the traditional flat seedbed over the growing season on the dry matter yield and nutritive value of Avena sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus, Vida dasycarpa, Trifolium steudneri and Sesbania sesban were studied on Vertisol. Up to 7 t/ha dry matter yield was recorded for Avena sativa and Lablab purpureus when planted on Vertisols with improved drainage. Dry matter yield of forage crops also increased with advance in stage of maturity or subsequent harvests. On both improved and traditional flat seedbed methods, the chemical analysis of forage crops showed similar declines in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) levels as the maturity of forage crops progressed.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Effects of season and time since defoliation on the nutritive characteristics of three irrigated perennial pasture species in northern Victoria 1. Energy, protein and fibre

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

The study reported here compared the nutritive characteristics of the 3 most common irrigated perennial pasture species grown in northern Victoria as they regrew after defoliation at various times during the year. In addition, the relative influence of changes to the proportions of morphological components and the nutritive characteristics of the individual components on the quality of whole plants was examined. The nutritive characteristics of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Ellet) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) were examined at weekly intervals on 4 occasions during spring–autumn, 1993–94. On each occasion, pastures were defoliated with a drum mower and allowed to regrow for up to 9 weeks; defoliation dates were 24 September, 26 November, 28 January and 25 March. The variation in estimated metabolisable energy [obtained from in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility], crude protein and detergent fibre concentrations within species was significantly (P<0.01) less than between clover and the grasses. White clover was consistently high in metabolisable energy (9.3–11.2 MJ/kg DM) and crude protein (17.7–27.7% DM), and low in neutral detergent fibre (27.8–39.8% DM) in all periods. At the other extreme, paspalum had a metabolisable energy content that peaked at 9.3 MJ/kg DM, and fell as low as 7.4 MJ/kg DM. Paspalum also had low protein (7.5–14.7% DM) and very high neutral detergent fibre (61.9–69.9% DM) concentrations. Ryegrass varied greatly in metabolisable energy concentration between the 4 periods, being high in autumn (average of 10.2 MJ/kg DM) and low in summer–autumn (average of 8.4 MJ/kg DM). Metabolisable energy apart, there were few differences in the crude protein and detergent fibre contents of ryegrass and paspalum. Perennial ryegrass is generally considered a superior feed to paspalum, but the data indicate this is not always the case under irrigation in northern Victoria. The nutritive characteristics of the plant fractions (leaf, stem, dead, inflorescence) were analysed separately to give an indication of the limits to selection by grazing cows. Differences in metabolisable energy between leaf and stem in both white clover and perennial ryegrass suggested that grazing dairy cows could consume a pasture diet which is likely to be slightly higher in energy than that in the herbage on offer. With paspalum, this is unlikely to be the case because differences in energy content between plant parts were small. However, with all species, cows should be able to consume herbage that is significantly higher in protein, and lower in detergent fibre, than that on offer because of differences in their concentrations in leaf and stem. The nutritive characteristics of morphological components of each species remained relatively constant throughout the study. Therefore, it would seem that it is the proportions of these fractions in the plant, together with severity of grazing, that will largely determine the degree of selection that can occur.

Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of parasitic plants reflect that of indigenous browse trees

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
O. R. Madibela ◽  
M. Letso ◽  
B. Makoba ◽  
O. Seitshiro
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Semi Arid

Mistletoes are common parasitic plants that attach on branches of Acacia species, Boscia albitrunca, Ziziphus mucronata and other trees of semi-arid Botswana. These plants form an interesting alternative and additional feed resource, which could increase both mineral and protein intake of ruminants. Previous studies (Madibela et al., 2000, 2002) have shown that these parasitic plants have high crude protein and mineral levels than what is expected of natural grasses. The hypothesis is that the higher the nutritive value of host browse trees the higher it is in the parasitic plants.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets. 

scholarly journals Nutritional potentials and in vitro estimation of composite cocoa pod husk-based diets for ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract Background The use of cocoa pod husk in livestock nutrition is being limited because of its fibrous nature and anti-nutrients, which have detrimental effect(s) on the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and effects of replacing urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk meal (urea-treated CPHM) with cassava peel in a complete concentrate diet (CCD) on in vitro digestibility and methane (CH4) production. Methods Urea-treated CPHM was prepared by soaking the raw milled pod in 5% urea solution under anaerobic condition for 7 days, and decanted and the filtrates were further ensiled for 28 days, dried, and were replaced with cassava peel meal in CCD at 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% on part basis. Feed samples (n = 3) were analyzed for chemical composition, and data generated from in vitro study were subjected to statistical analysis in a completely randomized design experiment. Results Results revealed that the treatment significantly reduced the crude fiber, fiber fraction contents, and anti-nutrients and improved the crude protein content of the pod by 71.84%. Dry matter and crude protein of the diets ranged from 89.34–89.71% and 10.52–12.84%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased with increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM in the diets. With increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM, CH4 production relatively reduced as compared to diet E. Metabolizable energy (5.66 Kcal/g) of diet F was the highest. Therefore, the inclusion of urea-treated CPHM at 15% in CCDs has the potential for improving digestibility and reducing CH4 production in ruminants.

Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Darko Grbeša
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.

scholarly journals FORAGE PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF (Clitoria ternatea) HARVESTED AT 60, 75 AND 90 DAYS AFTER PLANTING

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
I G. N. Jelantik ◽  
T. T. Nikolaus ◽  
C. Leu Penu ◽  
Gemini E. M. Malelak ◽  
Imanuel Benu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate herbage production and nutritive value of C. ternatea harvested at 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. The legume was planted in eighteen of 3 × 3 m2 plots a t 40 × 20 cm2. Forage was harvested at 60, 75 and 90 days after planting as treatmens. Variables measured included forage production, nutrient content and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Herbage production was not significantly different (P>0.05) when harvested at different stages of growth. Leaf : stem ratio, however, declined (P<0.05) with advancing growth stage. Forage quality in terms of crude protein content was comparable (P>0.05) among different harvest time. Meanwhile the energetic value as shown by in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was significantly higher (P<0.05) when C. ternatea was harvested 60 days compared to 75 and 90 days after planting. It can be concluded that for calf supplement, C. ternatea is preferably harvested at 60 d after planting. Key words : Clitoria ternatea, IVOMD, energy, calf supplement

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