Exploring the Earth's upper atmosphere from the Space Shuttle based AIRSEDS-S tethered satellite mission - A program update

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Santangelo ◽  
John Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Tethered Satellite

Electrodynamic aspects of the first tethered satellite mission

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (A8) ◽  
pp. 13761-13778 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dobrowolny ◽  
E. Melchioni
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Tethered Satellite

SPEAM-I (sunphotometer Earth atmosphere measurement) observations of high-altitude ozone from STS 41-G

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. McElroy ◽  
J. B. Kerr ◽  
D. I. Wardle ◽  
L. J. B. McArthur ◽  
G. M. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Earth Atmosphere ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Space Shuttle Challenger ◽  
Solar Intensity

The sunphotometer Earth atmosphere measurement (SPEAM-I) experiment was flown on the United States space shuttle Challenger in October, 1984 as part of a group of Canadian experiments referred to as CANEX-I. Measurements of the solar intensity were made through the orbiter side-hatch window at various wavelengths in the visible and near-ultraviolet during a number of terminator crossings using a hand-held, interference filter photometer. Observations at 315 and 324 nm were analyzed to give vertical profiles of ozone at 63.34°S, 91.96°E. These profiles are compared with data from the literature. The success of this experiment points the way to the use of small instruments to make accurate but inexpensive observations of the composition of the upper atmosphere.

scholarly journals Irradiance Observations of SMM, Spacelab 1, UARS, and ATLAS Experiments

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Willson
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Flux Level ◽  
The U.S

Detection of intrinsic solar variability on the total flux level was made using results from the first Active Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) experiment, launched on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) in early 1980. ACRIM I, specifically designed to start the high precision total solar irradiance database as part of the U.S. Climate Research Program, produced high precision results throughout the 9.75 years of the Solar Maximum Mission. The second ACRIM experiment was flown aboard the Space Shuttle as part of the NASA/ESA Spacelab 1 Mission in late 1983. Its primary function has been to provide a comparison with ACRIM I that could be used to relate its observations with future satellite solar monitors, should they and ACRIM I fail to overlap in time. The second ACRIM satellite solar monitoring experiment (ACRIM II) has provided high precision total solar irradiance observations since its launch as part of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) mission in late 1991 and continues at present. The shuttle ACRIM instrumentation has been flown on the ATLAS 1 and 2 missions in 1992 and 1993, providing comparisons with the UARS/ACRIM II.

scholarly journals Validation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC level 2 "atmPrf" global temperature data in the stratosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6187-6213
Author(s):  
U. Das ◽  
C. J. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Atmospheric Profile ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Level 2

Abstract. GPS radio occultations by Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) provide refractivity profiles, which are processed real-time to give profiles of temperature and water vapour in the lower atmosphere and electron density in the upper atmosphere. The new "atmPrf" (atmospheric profile) product gives temperature from surface to 0.2 hPa (~60 km). This is a dry temperature data product that does not include relative humidity in the inversion process and hence is reliable at and above the tropopause (>100 hPa) and erroneous in the troposphere (<100 hPa). In the current study we compare the COSMIC "atmPrf" data during December 2010 to November 2011 with other satellite (SABER/TIMED and MLS/Aura) temperatures from 50 to 0.2 hPa and reanalysis (NCEP, ERA-Interim and UKMO) outputs at 100, 10, 1 and 0.5 hPa pressure levels. The satellite comparisons show that the observed median differences are most likely produced due to the biases in the retrievals of SABER and MLS. When compared to reanalysis outputs, COSMIC seasonal means match NCEP and ECMWF seasonal mean temperatures very well, especially at 100 and 10 hPa. Comparison with radiosonde measured temperatures over Taipei (25° N, 121.5° E) in the lower altitudes also show very small differences. We conclude from this study that with the new COSMIC dry temperature retrievals obtained from radio occultations of GPS, there is a 20 km extension of reliable data in the middle atmosphere. "atmPrf" data are of good quality and provide reliable and unprecedentedly large number of profiles at greater temporal and spatial resolutions for further studies and investigations of the middle atmosphere up to 1 hPa, i.e., approximately up to the stratopause.

The effect of back-melting on the continuity of crystallographic orientation and composition in HgZnTe

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1696-1697
Author(s):  
H.J. Zuo ◽  
M.W. Price ◽  
R.D. Griffin ◽  
R.A. Andrews ◽  
G.M. Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Space Experiment ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Semiconducting Alloys ◽  
Uniform Composition ◽  
Growth Experiments

The II-VI semiconducting alloys, such as mercury zinc telluride (MZT), have become the materials of choice for numerous infrared detection applications. However, compositional inhomogeneities and crystallographic imperfections adversly affect the performance of MZT infrared detectors. One source of imperfections in MZT is gravity-induced convection during directional solidification. Crystal growth experiments conducted in space should minimize gravity-induced convection and thereby the density of related crystallographic defects. The limited amount of time available during Space Shuttle experiments and the need for a sample of uniform composition requires the elimination of the initial composition transient which occurs in directionally solidified alloys. One method of eluding this initial transient involves directionally solidifying a portion of the sample and then quenching the remainder prior to the space experiment. During the space experiment, the MZT sample is back-melted to exactly the point at which directional solidification was stopped on earth. The directional solidification process then continues.

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