scholarly journals Simbol Pertanian dalam Budaya Masyarakat Karo

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nenggih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Fertile Area

AbstractThe Tanah Karo's natural lanscape has been known such a fertile area with a climate that is perfect for agricultural activities. The ancient Karo people used to live the old way known as the megalith culture or tradition that is always related to ancestral and animism beliefs. When Islam and Christianity started to influx and flourish, the old beiefs gradually vanished. The material culture heritage, however, shows varous influences from the past. The old well-rooted concept and element that used to live in the society has left such a strong legacy to some aspects of the culture material and tradition in the present day, especially the buiding or the symbolic ornament and the traditional building element. The agricultural life in the past can be traced back through the symbols available, which then will become proposed questions in search for answers. This paper appliesmexplorative-descriptive method with inductive reasoning. The ornaments, building materials and elements available are proofs of agricultural activities in the forms of farming. The fertile soil and conducive climate provide a perfect back up to the farming. The traditional buildings for the ancestors' skulls at Tanah Karo settlements are the perfect examples of the ancient megalith.AbstrakAlam lingkungan Tanah Karo sejak dahulu memang merupakan area yang subur dengan iklim yang menunjang kegiatan pertanian. Masyarakat Karo dahulu masih menganut kepercayaan lama yang dikenal di Nusantara sebagai budaya atau tradisi megalitik yang sering dikaitkan dengan kepercayaan yang berkaitan dengan leluhur dan animisme. Seiring dengan masuknya agama Islam dan Kristen, kepercayaan ini berangsur hilang. Namun melalui budaya material yang ditinggalkan masih menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kepercayaan lama. Konsep maupun unsur budaya yang pernah ada dan mengakar pada masyarakatnya, menyebabkan sebagian bentuk budaya material maupun tradisinya masih menampakkan hubungan dengan budaya masa lalunya. Terutama berkaitan dengan bangunan atau simbol-simbol yang tercermin dalam ornamen dan elemen bangunan adatnya. Bagaimana kondisi pertanian masa lalu dilacak melalui simbol-simbol yang ada menjadi permasalahan yang ingin diungkapkan kejelasannya. Penulisan menggunakan metode eksploratif-deskriptif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif. Melalui berbagai ornamen, bahan bangunan serta elemen bangunannya menjadi petunjuk adanya kegiatan pertanian berupa persawahan dan perladangan. Hal ini didukung oleh tanah yang subur serta iklim yang menunjang kegiatan itu. Perkampungan di Tanah Karo juga masih menggambarkan adanya tradisi megalitik di masa lalu, dengan keberadaan bangunan adat sebagai tempat menyimpan tengkorak dan tulang belulang leluhur /geriten.

scholarly journals Lexicon symbolic meaning in building houses tradition on building materials selection as local wisdom in Minahasa Tombulu area

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femmy Lumempouw ◽  
Rosalina Rolany Rambing ◽  
Erenst Mantiri
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

The researcher discusses some of the forms of local wisdom in relation to the tradition of building houses. This study is entitled Analysis of the Symbolic Meaning of the Lexicon in the Tradition of Building a Residential House in Preparation for Selection of Building Materials as Local Wisdom in the Tombulu Minahasa area: Ethnosemantic Studies. Research related to local wisdom is important because now people in the Tombulu area when building houses no longer follow the traditional way like the way our ancestors did in the past. The researcher explores and reveals the symbolic meaning of the lexicon like what is used in building houses as local wisdom in the Tombulu Minahasa area. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify and classify the lexicon on the tradition of building houses on the selection of building materials as local wisdom in the Tombulu area; (2) Explaining the symbolic meaning of the lexicon in the tradition of building houses in the selection of building materials as local wisdom in the Tombulu area. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Researchers describe and explain narratively.

scholarly journals Innovation and Society in the Roman World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miko Flohr
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Impact

This article assesses the impact of innovation on Roman society. It starts from a critical engagement with past debate about technological progress, which over the past decades has been too strongly focused on economic growth, and a re-appreciation of the literary evidence for innovation, which points to a culture in which technological knowledge and invention were thought to matter. Then, it highlights two areas where the uptake of technology had a direct impact on everyday life: material culture, where the emergence of glass-blowing, a proliferation of metal-working, and innovation in pottery-production changed the nature and amount of artefacts by which people surrounded themselves, and construction, where building techniques using opus caementicium, arches and standardized building materials revolutionized urban and rural landscapes. A concluding discussion highlights the role of integration of the Mediterranean under Roman rule in making innovation possible, and the role of consumer demand in bringing it about.

scholarly journals Lesung Batu, Cerminan Pandangan Hidup Masyarakat Batak Toba

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Ketut Wiradnyana
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractIn Samosir island traditional kampongs, stone mortar are often found. Mortars are ethnoarhaeological stuff considering thier material and technology refelct a sustainability from the past to the present. Stone mortars may have more than one hole and may function as a container to process various life needs. Mortars may also have certain decoration patterns. Such decorated mortars seem to have indicated not only their practical uses but also contained various sociological aspects. In order to reveal them, descriptive method with inductive reasoning is applied. Such method is expected to explain various cultural aspects contained such as religion, technology, environment, and social including Batak Toba life perspective.AbstrakDi perkampungan tradisional Pulau Samosir banyak ditemukan lesung batu. Lesung merupakan benda etnoarkeologi mengingat bahan dan teknologinya mencerminkan kesinambungan dari sejak masa lalu hingga kini. Lesung batu dapat memiliki sebuah atau lebih lubang dan difungsikan sebagai tempat untuk mengolah berbagai keperluan hidup. Lesung ada juga yang dipahat dengan pola hias tertentu. Bentuk lesung seperti itu tampaknya tidak hanya mengisyaratkan akan fungsi praktis semata akan tetapi juga memuat berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan masyarakatnya. Untuk mengungkapkannya, maka digunakan metode deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Metode dimaksud diharapkan dapat menjelaskan berbagai aspek yang dikandung benda budaya dimaksud diantaranya aspek teknologi, religi, lingkungannya dan sosial termasuk didalamnya penggambaran pandangan hidup masyarakat Batak Toba.

scholarly journals Sisa Tradisi Megalitik Pada Budaya Materiil Masyarakat Mandailing

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Nenggih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People

AbstractMegalithic culture or tradition is generally accepted as an animism mixed with the long-disapeared Hindu-Buddha beliefs remains as Islam penetrated. The megalithic concept or cultural elements that have existed and rooted in the followers still show a connection with the past. The material culture contains positive values related with the people. Such values are traditional value, law, democracy, togetherness, and wisdom of the surrounding. Explorative-descriptive reseach method with inductive reasoning is used in this paper.AbstrakSecara umum budaya atau tradisi megalitik yang sering dikaitkan dengan kepercayaan animisme, yang sebagian bercampur dengan sisa-sisa kepercayaan Hindu-Buddha telah lama menghilang dalam kehidupan masyarakat Mandailing, bersamaan dengan masuknya pengaruh Islam. Namun demikian konsep maupun unsur budaya yang pernah ada dan mengakar pada masyarakatnya, menyebabkan sebagian bentuk budaya material maupun tradisinya masih menampakkan hubungan dengan budaya masa lalunya. Di dalam budaya materiil tersebut terkandung nilai-nilai budaya yang positif berkaitan dengan kehidupan masyarakatnya. Nilai-nilai itu meliputi nilai adat, hukum, demokrasi, gotong-royong, dan kearifan terhadap alam lingkungannya. Penulisan bertipe eksploratif-deskriptif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN GUA DAN CERUK DI NAGARI SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Nenggih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Rock Shelters

Nagari Situmbuk, Salimpaung Subdistrict, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra Province has naturally interesting caves and rock shelters, and their existence is also related to past and present human activities. The caves and rock shelters in the Situmbuk area are partly related to human activities that use them as temporary dwellings.Its existence is also related to human activities that utilize the surrounding environment as rice fields, plantations and tropical forests. The problem raised is how is the form of human activity related to the use of caves and rock shelters in Nagari Situmbuk in the past? Why is there a difference in the use of caves and rock shelters there? The method used in this research is qualitative using inductive reasoning flow by observing the unit and its context. The caves and rock shelters which have indications of being used by people with different cultures are Ngalau Guong, Ngalau Tompok Syohiah I, and Ngalau Muaro. The use of Ngalau Guong is related to hunting life and simple farming so that it still utilizes caves / rock shelters there as temporary dwellings. Ngalau Tompok Syohiah I is related to the development of Pre-Islamic culture (megalithic tradition which is marked by the presence of menhirs and pseudo graves), Islam, until now which is implied through symbols on the walls of the cave. The tradition that takes place in the cave is also related to agricultural activities that have been carried out intensely. Then Ngalau Muaro, this relates to plantation activities that took place around the 18th century to the 19th.

scholarly journals Lumpang Batu dan Batu Dakon di Kabupaten Lebak Banten: Indikasi Bercocok Tanam Masa Lampau

PANALUNGTIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Nurul Laili
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The Past

Lebak Regency is an area in the southern part of Banten Province which is fertile and dominated by agricultural land. The condition of Lebak in the past based on archaeological remains, especially megalithic remains, shows traces of farming. The traces of the megalithic remains in the form of mortars and dakon stones were obtained at three sites, namely the Gunung Anakan site, the Parigi Lebakbinong site, and the Pasir Nangka site. The problem raised in this paper is what is the function of the mortar stone and dakon stone for supporting communities in Lebak Banten. Knowledge of the function of mortar and dakon stone will be able to reconstruct the role of mortar and dakon stone in the past related to farming. This paper uses descriptive analytical methods and inductive reasoning with a material culture approach. The existence of mortar and dakon stone indicates subsistence based on agriculture or farming.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals New Book Chronicle

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (359) ◽  
pp. 1401-1411
Author(s):  
Robert Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Technology Change ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
New Phase

Is the era of globalisation on the wane or on the cusp of a new phase of extraordinary expansion? US president Trump's abandonment of trade agreements and the rise of protectionism coincide with China's ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, an unprecedented investment in infrastructure across Asia, Europe and North Africa to improve the connectivity of China with its markets by both land and sea. The future is therefore anyone's guess, but what about the past? There has been much discussion by archaeologists about ancient globalisations (most recently, Hodos 2017), but archaeological studies have often typically been set within the looser framework of ‘connectivity’—the interconnectedness of people and places and the movement of material culture and ideas. The books reviewed here are concerned with various aspects of connectivity, focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean and its European hinterland. All of the volumes are edited collections, each adopting a different unifying theme—the influence of Braudel, a single country as microcosm, the transfer of technology, changevstradition, and the effects of boundaries and frontiers. Do any wider insights into connectivity in the past emerge? And where might archaeological studies of connectivity go next?

Ruling out Change: Institutional Impediments to Transfer of Technology in Ship Building and Design in the Far East

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Bao Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technological Tradition

In the Chinese technological tradition, no sector, apart from that of agriculture, is as rich in original ideas as naval architecture. Over the past three millennia, hundreds of different types of craft have been developed for use on China's shallow lakes, on its fast flowing rivers and along its often stormy coastal waters. Each type was developed for specific use as a means of transportation, and would seem to represent the ultimate answer to the challenges posed by local conditions. Ultimate answer, that is, within the limitations of the traditional building materials with which these boats were constructed and fitted out. Nor was ingenuity confined to construction techniques.

The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Development of the Rule of Law in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-313
Author(s):  
Enver Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Countries

Kosovo’s Constitutional Court has played a role of paramount importance in the country’s recent history. The author uses a comparative analysis to discuss the role of the Court in light of the work and history of other European constitutional courts. This approach sheds light on the Court’s current role by analyzing Kosovo’s constitutional history, which shows that there has been a radical break with the past. This approach reveals the fact that Kosovo’s current Constitution does not reflect the material culture of the society of Kosovo. This radical break with the past is a result of the country’s tragic history, in which case the fight for constitutionalism means a fight for human dignity. In this battle for constitutionalism, the Court has been given very broad jurisdiction and a role to play in paving the way for Kosovo to move toward Euro-Atlantic integration in all spheres of life. Before reaching this conclusion, the author discusses the specificities of Kosovo’s transition, comparing it with other former communist countries. Among the specific features of constitutionalism in Kosovo are the role and position of the international community in the process of constitution-making and the overall design of constitutional justice in Kosovo. Throughout the article, a conclusion emerges that puts Kosovo’s Constitutional Court at the forefront of the fight for the rule of law and constitutionalism of liberal Western provenance.

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