scholarly journals Lesung Batu, Cerminan Pandangan Hidup Masyarakat Batak Toba

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Ketut Wiradnyana
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractIn Samosir island traditional kampongs, stone mortar are often found. Mortars are ethnoarhaeological stuff considering thier material and technology refelct a sustainability from the past to the present. Stone mortars may have more than one hole and may function as a container to process various life needs. Mortars may also have certain decoration patterns. Such decorated mortars seem to have indicated not only their practical uses but also contained various sociological aspects. In order to reveal them, descriptive method with inductive reasoning is applied. Such method is expected to explain various cultural aspects contained such as religion, technology, environment, and social including Batak Toba life perspective.AbstrakDi perkampungan tradisional Pulau Samosir banyak ditemukan lesung batu. Lesung merupakan benda etnoarkeologi mengingat bahan dan teknologinya mencerminkan kesinambungan dari sejak masa lalu hingga kini. Lesung batu dapat memiliki sebuah atau lebih lubang dan difungsikan sebagai tempat untuk mengolah berbagai keperluan hidup. Lesung ada juga yang dipahat dengan pola hias tertentu. Bentuk lesung seperti itu tampaknya tidak hanya mengisyaratkan akan fungsi praktis semata akan tetapi juga memuat berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan masyarakatnya. Untuk mengungkapkannya, maka digunakan metode deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Metode dimaksud diharapkan dapat menjelaskan berbagai aspek yang dikandung benda budaya dimaksud diantaranya aspek teknologi, religi, lingkungannya dan sosial termasuk didalamnya penggambaran pandangan hidup masyarakat Batak Toba.

scholarly journals Simbol Pertanian dalam Budaya Masyarakat Karo

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nenggih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Fertile Area

AbstractThe Tanah Karo's natural lanscape has been known such a fertile area with a climate that is perfect for agricultural activities. The ancient Karo people used to live the old way known as the megalith culture or tradition that is always related to ancestral and animism beliefs. When Islam and Christianity started to influx and flourish, the old beiefs gradually vanished. The material culture heritage, however, shows varous influences from the past. The old well-rooted concept and element that used to live in the society has left such a strong legacy to some aspects of the culture material and tradition in the present day, especially the buiding or the symbolic ornament and the traditional building element. The agricultural life in the past can be traced back through the symbols available, which then will become proposed questions in search for answers. This paper appliesmexplorative-descriptive method with inductive reasoning. The ornaments, building materials and elements available are proofs of agricultural activities in the forms of farming. The fertile soil and conducive climate provide a perfect back up to the farming. The traditional buildings for the ancestors' skulls at Tanah Karo settlements are the perfect examples of the ancient megalith.AbstrakAlam lingkungan Tanah Karo sejak dahulu memang merupakan area yang subur dengan iklim yang menunjang kegiatan pertanian. Masyarakat Karo dahulu masih menganut kepercayaan lama yang dikenal di Nusantara sebagai budaya atau tradisi megalitik yang sering dikaitkan dengan kepercayaan yang berkaitan dengan leluhur dan animisme. Seiring dengan masuknya agama Islam dan Kristen, kepercayaan ini berangsur hilang. Namun melalui budaya material yang ditinggalkan masih menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kepercayaan lama. Konsep maupun unsur budaya yang pernah ada dan mengakar pada masyarakatnya, menyebabkan sebagian bentuk budaya material maupun tradisinya masih menampakkan hubungan dengan budaya masa lalunya. Terutama berkaitan dengan bangunan atau simbol-simbol yang tercermin dalam ornamen dan elemen bangunan adatnya. Bagaimana kondisi pertanian masa lalu dilacak melalui simbol-simbol yang ada menjadi permasalahan yang ingin diungkapkan kejelasannya. Penulisan menggunakan metode eksploratif-deskriptif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif. Melalui berbagai ornamen, bahan bangunan serta elemen bangunannya menjadi petunjuk adanya kegiatan pertanian berupa persawahan dan perladangan. Hal ini didukung oleh tanah yang subur serta iklim yang menunjang kegiatan itu. Perkampungan di Tanah Karo juga masih menggambarkan adanya tradisi megalitik di masa lalu, dengan keberadaan bangunan adat sebagai tempat menyimpan tengkorak dan tulang belulang leluhur /geriten.

scholarly journals Emas dalam Budaya Batak

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Nenggih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Unique Function ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Descriptive Writing ◽  
North Sumatra

AbstractGolden artifacts have different varieties and decorative patterns, such as in jewellery. The presence of golden artifacts in the past is known presently from the Dutch old record in North Sumatra. At that time, the Bataknese lived an old belief of the ancestor spirits or called the megalithic tradition. The development of gold craftsmanship is seen through the golden artifacts with the typical Batak patterns influenced by the old faith as well as external decorative patterns. The proposed question is how the golden artifacts were integrated into the Bataknese culture. The study aims at collecting more knowledge of the importance of golden artifacts in Bataknese life as well as the cultural aspects reflected on those artifacts. Explorative-descriptive writing method with inductive reasoning is used to get an answer to the problem being proposed. Inductive reasoning begins at the study of data that can give a general conclusion or empirical generalization after data analysis stage process. Golden artifacts are just like pieces of art that bear a unique function in the society as well as describing such social, cultural, and religious aspects of the Bataknese in the ancient North Sumatra.AbstrakArtefak emas cukup beragam jenis dan pola hiasnya, di antaranya digunakan sebagai perhiasan. Tentang artefak emas di masa lalu diketahui melalui catatan lama ketika Belanda masuk ke wilayah Sumatera Utara. Pada masa itu etnis Batak pada umumnya masih hidup dalam kepercayaan lama yang berkaitan dengan roh nenek moyang atau dikenal dengan tradisi megalitik. Perkembangan seni kriya emas terlihat melalui artefak emas dengan pola hias khas Batak yang mendapat pengaruh religi lama, dan pola hias yang mendapat pengaruh dari luar. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana artefak emas menjadi bagian dalam budaya masyarakat Batak ? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya artefak emas dalam kehidupan masyarakat Batak serta aspek-aspek kebudayaan yang tercermin melalui artefak tersebut. Untuk dapat menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan, maka metode penulisan bertipe eksploratif- deskriptif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif. Penalaran induktif berawal dari kajian terhadap data yang dapat memberikan suatu kesimpulan yang bersifat umum atau generalisasi empiris setelah melalui proses tahap analisis data. Seperti hasil karya seni lain, artefak emas mempunyai fungsi dalam kehidupan masyarakat serta menggambarkan aspek sosial, budaya, dan religi masyarakat Batak di Sumatera Utara di masa lalu.

CONTRASTIVE RHETORIC: CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF SECOND-LANGUAGE WRITING.Ulla Connor. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xv + 201. $47.95 cloth, $18.95 paper.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
Dave Mosher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contrastive Rhetoric ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Writing Major ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

This volume charts the development of contrastive rhetoric (CR) over the past 30 years. Although CR has not attempted to identify developmental stages of L2 writers, it is essentially the study of transfer: the influence of L1 writing conventions and cultural and cognitive dimensions on L2 writing. Major strengths of this book are its critical review of the literature, concise definitions, and documentation of the progression of CR from narrow L2 text-based analyses to the inclusion of multiple approaches.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENAGIHAN RETRIBUSI PERSAMPAHAN DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA TOMOHON

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanda Elia Rembet ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
Treesje Runtu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Environmental Agency

Regional Original Revenue (PAD) is regional revenue derived from local taxes, regional retribution, and management of separated regional assets, as well as other legitimate regional income. Regional levies are one of the sources of financing regional development in supporting the implementation of regional autonomy. One type of regional retribution collected by the Tomohon City Government is waste retribution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste collection fees in Tomohon City, and the contribution of solid waste retribution to PAD. In this study using quantitative descriptive method. The analysis data used in this study is the analysis of contribution and effectiveness. The results of the receipt effectiveness of solid waste levies in 2015-2016 was not effective and decreased, then in 2017 although it was still ineffective but experienced a very drastic increase. The contribution of solid waste retribution to regional retribution is still relatively small in 2015 and 2016 but in 2017 its contribution is very significant to regional retribution. While the contribution of solid waste retribution to the PAD of Tomohon City in 2015-2017 is very small for the past 3 years. Leaders of Regional Revenue Service and the Environmental Agency should continue to optimize the receipt of solid waste fees with intensification & extensification, so that there will always be changes on the system of receiving regional retribution towards a better direction.Keywords: effectivity, contribution, local government income

scholarly journals CULTURAL OBSTACLE IN THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NATIVE SPEAKER AND NON NATIVE SPEAKER IN ENGLISH.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Sogimin Sogimin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
English Learner ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
British People

This research describes the cultural obstacles in the communication oral and written between native speaker and non native speaker in English.  The obstacles of cultural is one of main obstacles in the  two peoples of communication in the different culural. The research,especially describes the one case of communication between Indonesian people and British people in the social media WhatsApp. The main data of the research is the communication transcript in the social media WhatsApp. Besides of that, the data comes from the interview with the responden.             The research is the case study of the Indonesian people and British people. The data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive method. The result of research shows the miscommunication from different cultural in English. This miscommunication not only caused of the skill of language(language competence) but also difference of cultural between of two peoples. Suggested  to the English learner that  not only learns in the languages aspects but also learns in the cultural aspects, because both of them coud not separate and interplay each others.

scholarly journals VERNAKULARITAS ARSITEKTUR PENINGGALAN PERADABAN ISLAM

NALARs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Anisa Anisa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Building Plans ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRAK. Peninggalan dari sebuah peradaban dapat dilihat dari karya yang ditinggalkan. Arsitektur merupakan salah satu wujud karya yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat dan menelusuri peninggalan dari sebuah peradaban. Peninggalan peradaban di satu wilayah dengan wilayah lain akan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan setempat. Hal inilah latar belakang pentingnya dilakukan penelitian berkaitan dengan vernakularitas arsitektur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mendeskripsikan dan memahami vernakularitas peninggalan peradaban Islam. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara purposif sampling. Alat analisis pada penelitian ini adalah aspek vernakularitas yang dikemukakan oleh Mentayani (2017). Aspek vernakularitas dapat dilihat dari 3 hal yaitu aspek teknis, aspek budaya, dan aspek lingkungan yang ketiganya bisa dibahas secara bersamaan karena saling terkait pada ranah unsur dan abstrak. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) vernakularitas pada arsitektur peradaban Islam dapat dilihat pada bentuk massa dan denah bangunan, yang tidak selalu mengikuti bentuk awal (tipologi) peninggalan peradaban Islam yaitu hypostyle; (2) vernakularitas ditunjukkan pada penggunaan material setempat dengan teknologi setempat, misalnya di Afrika Barat menggunakan bata tanah liat yang dikeringkan tanpa dibakar dan penguat dinding dari batang kayu. Kata kunci: vernakularitas, arsitektur, peninggalan peradaban Islam ABSTRACT. The legacy of a civilization can be seen from the work left behind. Architecture is a form of work that can be used to view and trace the relics of a civilization. The legacy of civilization from one region to another will be influenced by local environmental conditions. This is the background of the importance of conducting research related to architectural vernacularity. This research is a research that aims to identify, describe and understand the vernacularity of Islamic civilization heritage. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection carried out by purposive sampling. The analytical tool in this study is the aspect of vernacularity proposed by Mentayani (2017). Aspects of vernacularity can be seen from 3 things, namely technical aspects, cultural aspects, and environmental aspects, all three of which can be discussed simultaneously because they are interrelated in the elemental and abstract realms. The conclusions obtained from this study are: (1) vernacularity in Islamic civilization architecture can be seen in the shape of the mass and building plans, which do not always follow the initial form (typology) of Islamic civilization heritage, namely hypostyle; (2) vernacularity is shown in the use of local materials with local technology, for example in West Africa using clay bricks that are dried without being burned and wall reinforcement from logs. Keywords: vernacularity, architecture, heritage of Islamic civilization

scholarly journals Pengendang Perempuan Dalam Karawitan Jawa Pengiring Perayaan Ekaristi di Gereja Pugeran Yogyakarta

SELONDING ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andaru Kumara Jati
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Sacred Heart ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language And Music ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Musical Accompaniment ◽  
Descriptive Method

Eucharist is a sacred and the primary ritual for Catholics, it has adapted to the local culture. This adaption process called inculturation. Some examples of inculturation that is language and music. In Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church Pugeran Yogyakarta, inculturation appears with the eucharist with Javanese language and Javanese songs with Javanese musical accompaniment called gamelan. Gamelan is a set of musical instruments that have undergone many developments. Gamelan played generally by men, because the gamelan construction is designed to be played by sitting of male style. But today there’s more and more groups of gamelan involving women as a player. In Pugeran Church found the phenomenon of female kendang (drums) player. This woman has a position as a leader, and it is in contrast to Javenese culture which has patriarchal principle, so that in this research examined the cause of the female kendang player in Catholic church and her performances.The method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis that describes the object in writing and detail. The research is qualitative research with ethnomusicological approach that explores the object not only the form of music (textual) but also all related cultural aspects (contextual). In addition, this research also uses a sociological and theological approach that helps to explore from a socio-cultural point of view and the science of Catholicism. Search data consists by literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. All data is done from October 2017 until June 2018. This research using gender theory in The Social Psychology of Music by David J. Hargreaves and Adrian C. North to analyze the data and answer the problems.

scholarly journals MODERN MIDDLE AGE IN HIGH FASHION THROUGH THE DESIGN OF ALEKSANDAR JOKSIMOVIĆ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783
Author(s):  
Dragana Frfulanović-Šomođi ◽  
Milena Savić
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

The design of socialist Yugoslavia received a particularly new look through the creation of Aleksandar Joksimović, which gave the new elements a traditional look, equally putting them in rank with world-famous designs of celebrated designers. This paper was created with the idea of emphasizing the importance of the creativity of Joksimović, which is within the framework of socialist norms, as an artist, remained insufficiently recognized, although his work was in the service of exclusive promotion of the cultural aspects of his country. His concept of design based on the medieval cultural tradition emerged from the framework of the then socialist clothes, and it is called grandiose exoticism. The names of the first collections given by the historical figures of medieval Serbian history are a clear indication that it is possible to draw inspiration from the past, if it is professionally approached and adequately, by contemporary trends, the audience and the market. Joksimovic's individualism, apart from design, was also reflected in the way the collection itself was modeled through models and choreographies, and clearly once again showed his step ahead of time, while the social and political circumstances forced him to stay one step behind.

scholarly journals An Analysis of The Level of Polite Utterances in Sasak Language: A Case Study in Central Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-930
Author(s):  
Baiq Nurullayali ◽  
Sartika Sartika ◽  
Supriadin Supriadin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Old People ◽  
High Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Lombok Island

This research aims to identify the way of polite language used by Sasak people in Central Lombok. In this research, qualitative descriptive method was employed in analyzing the data. There were three participants that consist of Sasak native speaker from two villages such as Beraim and Dakung village. The data were collected through three techniques that are, observation, interview and documentation. The Results of this research showed that firstly, Sasak language has three levels of polite utterances used by Sasak people such as most polite (Base Alus Utami), more polite (Base Alus Madya), and polite (Base Sasak Biase). When kingdom was exist, Base Alus Utami only used by Perwangse, who was the king or people with high class level in Lombok Island and marked by Raden/Datu, and Dende at the first name. But, when they interacted with the lower class, they used biase language while the lower class of people must use Base Utami then, Base Alus Madya only used by people with the second level in society Baiq and Lalu at the first name, and Base Sasak Biase used by people with the lower class, called Jajar Karang. Secondly, the next generation in Sasak today do not really cosidere the rules when they using the polite language as people used in the past. It can be seen when they are communicating each other. They cannot able to speak with Base Alus Utami even speak with the older people. Only some of old people are still maintenance this language and teach their children but it is so rarely.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Kuta Bataguh in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Nfn Sunarningsih ◽  
Nfn Hartatik ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Prajna Yogi ◽  
Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo ◽  
Nugroho Nur Susanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Descriptive Method

Kuta Bataguh is administratively located in Bataguh and East Kapuas Districts, Kapuas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah. The research aims to reconstruct the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh. This research is using interpretive-descriptive method with the inductive reasoning. Data collection used surveys, excavations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis included environmental, stratigraphic, artifactual, spatial, and absolute dating analysis. Survey (surface and aerial) and excavation activities were carried out inside and outside the fence, both downstream and upstream of the Karinyau River. The results illustrate that the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh are a large permanent settlement that is split by a river. The fortified settlement of Kuta Bataguh was the leader residence of Ngaju community group (as the center of power). By referring to the pattern, function and extent of this settlement, it can be assumed that the local authorities in Bataguh are on par with early state in their socio-political organization.

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