scholarly journals Economic Performance of Net-Zero Energy Community under Reward-Penalty Mechanism Considering PV System Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Yuehong Lu ◽  
Zafar Khan ◽  
Hasan Gunduz ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Community

Abstract Economic performance of net-zero energy building/community (ZEB/ZEC) is an important factor that affects potential investors’ decision on installing renewable energy systems (RES). A reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) is proposed for accelerating the development of zero energy communities, which is developed without considering the reliability effect from RES generation. However, an investigation is deserved for the reliability effect of RES on building economic performance. A case study is therefore conducted based on an assumed community consisting of 20 family houses, in which the electricity load was collected by the smart meter for more than one year. The results show that the proposed RPM works efficiently under an ideal condition, while the costs of the community and its buildings are greatly increased when the effect of PV system reliability is considered. Specifically, the total cost of the community under 1.0ZEC design is 5 005 USD/yr in the first year, which increases to 11 341 USD/yr in the 25th year. By contrast, the total cost of the community under 1.2ZEC design is 5 243 USD/yr in the first year and increases to 9 607 USD/yr in the 25th year. It is believed that the results of this study can provide a progressive perspective for scheme makers and building owners in terms of its economic benefit. Development of enhanced RPM by considering system reliability will be investigated in our future work.

A cooperative net zero energy community to improve load matching

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Amaral Lopes ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Daniel Aelenei ◽  
Celson Pantoja Lima
Keyword(s):  
Zero Energy ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Community

scholarly journals Small Changes Yield Large Results at NIST's Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hunter Fanney ◽  
William Healy ◽  
Vance Payne ◽  
Joshua Kneifel ◽  
Lisa Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Surplus

The Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) was designed to be approximately 60% more energy efficient than homes meeting the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code requirements. The thermal envelope minimizes heat loss/gain through the use of advanced framing and enhanced insulation. A continuous air/moisture barrier resulted in an air exchange rate of 0.6 air changes per hour at 50 Pa. The home incorporates a vast array of extensively monitored renewable and energy efficient technologies including an air-to-air heat pump system with a dedicated dehumidification cycle; a ducted heat-recovery ventilation (HRV) system; a whole house dehumidifier; a photovoltaic system; and a solar domestic hot water system. During its first year of operation, the NZERTF produced an energy surplus of 1023 kWh. Based on observations during the first year, changes were made to determine if further improvements in energy performance could be obtained. The changes consisted of installing a thermostat that incorporated control logic to minimize the use of auxiliary heat, using a whole house dehumidifier in lieu of the heat pump's dedicated dehumidification cycle, and reducing the ventilation rate to a value that met but did not exceed code requirements. During the second year of operation, the NZERTF produced an energy surplus of 2241 kWh. This paper describes the facility, compares the performance data for the 2 years, and quantifies the energy impact of the weather conditions and operational changes.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF NET ZERO ENERGY HOUSE AND EVALUATION IN THE FIRST YEAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (58) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118
Author(s):  
Norihisa KAWASHIMA ◽  
Kozo TAKASE
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

scholarly journals An Open-Source Virtual Testbed for a Real Net-Zero Energy Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 103255
Author(s):  
Sen Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yangyang Fu ◽  
Wangda Zuo ◽  
Kathryn Hinkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Virtual Testbed ◽  
Energy Community

scholarly journals Case Study of Load Matching and Energy Cost for Net-Zero Energy Houses in Korea

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6407
Author(s):  
Hee-Won Lim ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Hyeun-Seung Lee ◽  
U-Cheul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Over the past 20 years, net-zero energy house (NZEH) construction costs have steadily decreased because of many reasons, such as technical progress, energy-saving design obligations, and dramatic cost reductions in renewable energy systems, especially solar power systems. Currently, the costs of NZEH are estimated to be about 5% higher than similar-sized houses. These additional costs are mainly for installing PV systems, which can be offset by energy saving costs. This study assessed energy performance and load matching through remote monitoring systems, and energy costs were analyzed for two-family houses. The two houses were all-electric houses and different in both size and location. A 6 kWp grid-connected PV system and 16 kW air source heat pump for space heating and domestic hot water were equally implemented. After data analysis, 100% of the energies were supplied through the PV system for 3 years, thus achieving net-zero energy. According to the Korean residential electricity tariff system, the annual electricity charges were, on average, between USD 105.1 and USD 121.4 after adding demand charges and value-added tax for import electricity charges. The energy cost reduction rate, compared to the same house without a PV system, was about 95%, and the simple payback period of the 6 kW PV system in NZEH was about 6 years. In addition, the annual load cover factor and supply cover factor as load-match indices between electricity generation and the load were in a range of 0.39–0.49 and 0.37–0.42, respectively.

scholarly journals An Open-Source Virtual Testbed for a Real Net-Zero Energy Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yangyang Fu ◽  
Wangda Zuo ◽  
Kathryn Hinkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Open Source ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Power Draw ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Virtual Testbed ◽  
Energy Community

Net-zero energy communities (NZECs) are critical to assuring the sustainability and resilience of modernized power systems. System modeling helps overcome technical challenges in designing and operating NZECs. In this paper, we present an open-source NZEC virtual testbed in Modelica based on a real NZEC in Florida, USA. This testbed consists of two sets of models: (1) higher-fidelity physics-based models that consider the interaction between subsystems of the studied NZEC and capture fast dynamics, and (2) lower-fidelity data-driven models that require fewer resources to establish and/or run. All models are validated against measurements from this real NZEC. In addition, this testbed includes a simulation framework that streamlines the processes for simulation and thus allows the use of developed models to form a virtual testbed. To demonstrate the usage of the virtual testbed, a case study is conducted where a building-to-grid integration control is evaluated via simulation. The evaluation results suggest that the tested control significantly smooths the power draw of the studied community and does not sacrifice thermal comfort to a great extent.

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