scholarly journals Case Study of Load Matching and Energy Cost for Net-Zero Energy Houses in Korea

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6407
Author(s):  
Hee-Won Lim ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Hyeun-Seung Lee ◽  
U-Cheul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Over the past 20 years, net-zero energy house (NZEH) construction costs have steadily decreased because of many reasons, such as technical progress, energy-saving design obligations, and dramatic cost reductions in renewable energy systems, especially solar power systems. Currently, the costs of NZEH are estimated to be about 5% higher than similar-sized houses. These additional costs are mainly for installing PV systems, which can be offset by energy saving costs. This study assessed energy performance and load matching through remote monitoring systems, and energy costs were analyzed for two-family houses. The two houses were all-electric houses and different in both size and location. A 6 kWp grid-connected PV system and 16 kW air source heat pump for space heating and domestic hot water were equally implemented. After data analysis, 100% of the energies were supplied through the PV system for 3 years, thus achieving net-zero energy. According to the Korean residential electricity tariff system, the annual electricity charges were, on average, between USD 105.1 and USD 121.4 after adding demand charges and value-added tax for import electricity charges. The energy cost reduction rate, compared to the same house without a PV system, was about 95%, and the simple payback period of the 6 kW PV system in NZEH was about 6 years. In addition, the annual load cover factor and supply cover factor as load-match indices between electricity generation and the load were in a range of 0.39–0.49 and 0.37–0.42, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance Data from the NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M Healy ◽  
A Hunter Fanney ◽  
Brian P Dougherty ◽  
Lisa Ng ◽  
Vance Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

Data were collected over two separate year-long test periods at the Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility, alaboratory designed to evaluate a variety of technologies and operational strategies that lead to energy efficient houses with comfortable and healthful indoor environments. In a net-zero energy building, all energy consumption over the course of a year is offset by on-site renewable energy production; this facility attempts to meet that goal through use of a photovoltaic array installed on the roof. Data are presented for one-year test periods over which the research team examined whether the facility would reach net-zero status. In both years, the house was operated in an all-electric configuration, with slight modifications made in the second year related to control schemes and equipment selection. A virtual family of four was simulated to carry out the operations that would typically occur in a home (e.g., appliance usage, lighting usage, hot water usage). Data are being released for the second year of operation at the time of publication of this document, with an expectation that data from the first year will be released at a later date.

A cooperative net zero energy community to improve load matching

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Amaral Lopes ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Daniel Aelenei ◽  
Celson Pantoja Lima
Keyword(s):  
Zero Energy ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Community

scholarly journals flEECe, an energy use and occupant behavior dataset for net-zero energy affordable senior residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Paige ◽  
Philip Agee ◽  
Farrokh Jazizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Energy Use

AbstractThe behaviors of building occupants have continued to perplex scholars for years in our attempts to develop models for energy efficient housing. Building simulations, project delivery approaches, policies, and more have fell short of their optimistic goals due to the complexity of human behavior. As a part of a multiphase longitudinal affordable housing study, this dataset represents energy and occupant behavior attributes for 6 affordable housing units over nine months in Virginia, USA which are not performing to the net-zero energy standard they were designed for. This dataset provides researchers the ability to analyze the following variables: energy performance, occupant behaviors, energy literacy, and ecological perceptions. Energy data is provided at a 1 Hz sampling rate for four circuits: main, hot water heater, dryer, and HVAC. Building specifications, occupancy, weather data, and neighboring building energy use data are provided to add depth to the dataset. This dataset can be used to update building energy use models, predictive maintenance, policy frameworks, construction risk models, economic models, and more.

scholarly journals From Low-Energy to Net Zero-Energy Buildings: Status and Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Voss ◽  
Eike Musall ◽  
Markus Lichtmeß
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Balance Approach ◽  
Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

“Net Zero-Energy Building” has become a popular catchphrase to describe the synergy between energy-efficient building and renewable energy utilisation to achieve a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. Taking into account the energy exchange with a grid overcomes the limitations of energy-autonomous buildings with the need for seasonal energy storage on-site. Although the expression, “Net Zero-Energy Building,” appears in many energy policy documents, a harmonised definition or a standardised balancing method is still lacking. This paper reports on the background and the various effects influencing the energy balance approach. After discussing the national energy code framework in Germany, a harmonised terminology and balancing procedure is proposed. The procedure takes not only the energy balance but also energy efficiency and load matching into account.

scholarly journals Towards net zero energy modular housing: a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hachem-vermette ◽  
Chinyere Dara ◽  
Rhys Kane
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
The South ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Modular Housing

The paper summarizes an investigation of the performance of container based housing units developed by Ladacor Ltd, and compares this performance to traditional housing constructed according to existing standards and codes. The results indicate that the case study housing system can reduce thermal loads (heating and cooling) by about 57% as compared to the same house designed according to the code. Implementing additional efficiency measures and solar design strategies such as increased south window size, suitable shading devices, thermal mass, and more airtight construction, leads to improved performance. This enhanced scenario can reduce the thermal load by 72% as compared to the code scenario and by about 35% as compared to the original case study system. Achieving a net-zero energy status can be reached by integrating photovoltaics on the south roof of the single-family housing designed with Ladacor roof, assuming energy efficient appliances, lighting and domestic hot water. The optimal case can reach a net positive energy status, with a PV system integrated on the south facing roof surface. Results from this investigation can serve in developing innovative design concepts and guidelines for the design of low cost, self-sufficient modular housing.

scholarly journals A Study of Load Matching on the Net-Zero Energy House

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Beob-Jeon Kim ◽  
Hee-Won Lim ◽  
Deok-Sung Kim ◽  
U-Cheul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Zero Energy ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Conceptual Design of Net Zero Energy Campus Residence

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Mertz ◽  
Gregory S. Raffio ◽  
Kelly Kissock ◽  
Kevin P. Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Inside Out

In response to both global and local challenges, the University of Dayton is committed to building a net-zero energy student residence, called the Eco-house. A unique aspect of the Eco-house is the degree of student involvement; in accordance with UD’s mission, interdisciplinary student teams from mechanical engineering, civil engineering and the humanities are leading the design effort. This paper discusses the conceptual design of a net-zero energy use campus residence, and the analysis completed thus far. Energy use of current student houses is analyzed to provide a baseline and to identify energy saving opportunities. The use of the whole-system inside-out approach to guide the overall design is described. Using the inside-out method as a guide, the energy impacts of occupant behavior, appliances and lights, building envelope, energy distribution systems and primary energy conversion equipment are discussed. The design of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic systems to meet the hot water and electricity requirements of the house is described. Eco-house energy use is simulated and compared to the energy use of the existing houses. The analysis shows the total source energy requirements of the Eco-house could be reduced by about 340 mmBtu per year over older baseline houses, resulting in CO2 emission reductions of about 54,000 lb per year and utility cost savings of about $3,000 per year. Detailed cost analysis and cost optimization have not been performed but are critical aspects of the UD Eco-house project, which will be performed in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of Net Zero-energy Building in Spain. Integration of PV, Solar Domestic Hot Water and Air-conditioning Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 828-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Gallo ◽  
Bélen Téllez Molina ◽  
Milan Prodanovic ◽  
José González Aguilar ◽  
Manuel Romero
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems
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