scholarly journals Is there any association between manganese level and schizophrenia? - a descriptive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Dariusz Juchnowicz ◽  
Kaja Hanna Karakuła ◽  
Elżbieta Sitarz ◽  
Alicja Forma ◽  
Olga Padała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Keywords Schizophrenia ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Membrane Transport Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manganese Level ◽  
Manganese Concentrations

AbstractIntroduction: Manganese has a role in the membrane transport systems, synthesis of protein, vitamin C, and vitamins B, catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine, immune system, blood sugar, reproduction, digestion, and blood coagulation. Furthermore, the level of manganese concentrations in human body appears to affect the occurrence of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to search for relationships between the manganese level and the onset of schizophrenia.Material and methods: A descriptive review was performed based on a literature search on Medline and Google scholar from 2003 to 2020, using keywords: schizophrenia, manganese, Mn. The included studies were meta-analyses, case-control studies, and cohort studies that examined differences in manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Result: Eight studies were selected for the review, with one reporting elevated levels of manganese, two showing no significant differences, and the rest including two meta-analyses stating lower manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls.Conclusion: In most of the researched studies, manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia were lower than in control groups, but not all of them reached the same conclusions. The relationship between manganese levels and schizophrenia must be further investigated.

scholarly journals Subcortical ischemic vascular disease and cognition: A systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Sousa Alves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Maria Elisa Lanna ◽  
Denise Madeira Moreira ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease (SIVD) is underdiagnosed. This review investigates the relationship among SIVD severity, cognitive status and neuroimaging markers. Methods: Cohort, cross-sectional and case control studies were searched on ISI, Medline, Scielo, PsychoInfo and LILACS databases published between 1995 and 2006. Results: The most impaired cognitive domains were executive, attentional and memory retrieval mechanisms. These cognitive features were frequently associated to White Matter Lesions (WML). Conclusions: WML is an independent factor in cognitive decline. However, the threshold for this impact is not yet clearly established.

scholarly journals Relevance of hMLH1 -93G>A, 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Jamal Jafari-Nedooshan ◽  
Mohammadali Jafari ◽  
Hossein Neamatzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Abolbaghaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There has been increasing interest in the study of the association between human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, results from previous studies are inconclusive. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the effects of this gene. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature databases until January 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Finally, 38 case-control studies in 32 publications were identified met our inclusion criteria. There were 14 studies with 20668 cases and 19533 controls on hMLH1 −93G>A, 11 studies with 5,786 cases and 8,867 controls on 655A>G and 5 studies with 1409 cases and 1637 controls on 1151T>A polymorphism. The combined results showed that 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms were significantly associated with CRC risk, whereas −93G>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with CRC risk. As for ethnicity, −93G>A and 655A>G polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of CRC among Asians, but not among Caucasians. More interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated that 655A>G might raise CRC risk in PCR-RFLP and HB subgroups. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent with previous meta-analyses, this meta-analysis shows that the hMLH1 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms might be risk factors for CRC. Moreover, the −93G>A polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of CRC in Asian population.

scholarly journals Application of Bee Products for Dermatological Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Männle ◽  
Karsten Münstedt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Cutaneous Warts

Context: Bee products are frequently suggested as possible treatments for dermatological problems by protagonists of apitherapy, which is a discipline within the field of complementary and alternative medicine. Unfortunately, apitherapists do not support their health claims. This review was to identify potential uses of bee products in the field of dermatology. Evidence Acquisition: Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on the topics were identified using various search engines. Results: Evidence suggests that bee products may be a reasonable treatment option for wound infections, burns, radiodermatitis, infections with herpes viruses, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, scars, cutaneous warts, acne, psoriasis, facial wrinkles, and intertrigo. Conclusions: There are several applications for bee products in the field of dermatology, for instance treatment of wound infections with honey and herpes infections with propolis.

Dietary diversity score is inversely related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Tehranian women: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sahel Soodi ◽  
Seyed Ali Keshavarz ◽  
Sedighe Hosseini ◽  
Behnood Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and is affected by various dietary factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and the risk of PCOS. Our case-control study was conducted in the summer and autumn of 2019 in Taleghani and Arash hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A total of 494 participants (203 cases and 291 controls) were included in the study. Thereafter, their demographic information, dietary intake, and anthropometric and physical activity assessments were gathered. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was then used to calculate the DDS by scoring 5 food groups. To evaluate the risk of PCOS in association with DDS, the subjects were categorized based on the quartile cut-off points of the DDS. The mean ± SD age of the participants in both the case and control groups was 28.98 ± 5.43 and 30.15 ± 6.21 years, while mean ± SD body mass index was 25.74 ± 5.44 and 23.65 ± 3.90 kg/m2, respectively. The comparison between the case and control groups indicated that total DDS was 5.19 ± 1.19 for the cases and 5.51 ± 1.19 for the controls. The comparison of DDS in the highest versus the lowest quartiles showed a decreased risk of PCOS (p < 0.05). We demonstrated an inverse association between DDS and PCOS compared with the control group. Furthermore, a higher DDS was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCOS (odds ratio = 0.40). Novelty: This is the first investigation on the relationship between DDS and PCOS. Results depicted an inverse relationship between DDS and PCOS.

The results obtained from studies of causation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Multiplicative Models ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter shows the format and derivation of results from studies. Cohort and intervention studies yield relative risk and risk difference, also known as attributable risk, and number needed to treat (NNT). Count and person-time methods are shown. Additive and multiplicative models for two or more exposures are shown. Case-control studies give primarily odds ratio; the relationship between this and relative risk is explained. Different sampling schemes for case-control studies include methods were a case can also be a control. Surveys yield results similar to cohort studies.

Assessment of the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Evidence from an updated meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1598-1610
Author(s):  
Rim Frikha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism is closely related to the acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Several case–control studies have investigated this association; however, no conclusions could be drawn. A comprehensive updated meta-analysis is established to explain these contradictions and clarify the overall impact of this variant on the susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods Electronic searches were conducted to select published studies prior to June 2018. Pooled odds ratios and stratification analysis were performed under different genetic comparison models, age, and ethnicity. Results Totally, 66 case–control studies including 9619 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases and 17,396 controls were selected. Our analyses showed that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism was protective mainly in Asian and European countries, under all genetic models and regardless of age, but leukemogenic in mixed population. Conclusion Thus, C677T polymorphism may be a promising acute lymphoblastic leukemia biomarker, but they should be interpreted with caution considering other factors such as folic acid intake, gene–gene and gene–environment interactions.

scholarly journals Association of the MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms and male infertility risk: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Aliakbari ◽  
Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili ◽  
Nahal Eshghifar ◽  
Zahra Zolghadr ◽  
Faezeh Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and objectives One of the possible male sterility risk factors are polymorphisms of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). However, the epidemiologic investigations described inconsistent results regarding MTHFR polymorphism and the risk of male infertility. For that reason, we carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to re-examine the controversy. Methods Electronic searches of Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PubMed were conducted to select eligible studies for this meta-analysis (updated to May 2019). According to our exclusion and inclusion criteria, only high-quality studies that remarked the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and male infertility risk were included. The Crude odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (CI) was used to assess the relationship between MTHFR polymorphism and male infertility risk. Results Thirty-four case-control studies with 9662 cases and 9154 controls concerning 677C/T polymorphism and 22 case-control studies with 5893 cases and 6303 controls concerning 1298A/C polymorphism were recruited. Both MTHFR polymorphisms had significant associations with male infertility risk (CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21–1.55, P = 0.00, I2 = 41.9%); (CC vs. CA + AA: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.52–1.30, P = 0.04, I2 = 50.1%). Further, when stratified by ethnicity, the significant association results were observed in Asians and Caucasians for 677C/T and just Asians for 1298A/C. Conclusions Some of MTHFR polymorphisms like MTHFR 677C > T are associated with an elevated male infertility risk. To confirm our conclusion and to provide more accurate and complete gene-environment communication with male infertility risk, more analytical studies are needed.

scholarly journals Association of microRNAs genes polymorphisms with arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqi Xiao ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether microRNAs genes’ polymorphisms are associated with arthritis. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library et al. were systematically searched to identify case–control studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs), and confidence intervals (CIs) at 95% using fixed-effect model or random-effects model. Results: Twenty-two case–control studies involving 10489 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. MiR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) was not significantly associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in any model. Significant associations were found between miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) and the risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the heterozygous model and the dominant model. The heterozygous model showed a significant association between the miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). And there was no significant association of miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) with risk of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) at any model. Additionally, there was a significant association of miR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) with risk of RA at two genetic models, and with a moderate heterogeneity. When subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were almost found between miR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) and the risk of RA in any model in Caucasian populations, and there is no heterogeneity. Conclusions: The association of miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) with RA was not found. And there was a significant association between miR-146a rs2910164(G/C) and PsA or AS. MiR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) was associated with RA in Caucasian populations. These findings did not support the genetic association between miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) and JRA susceptibility, as well as the association of miR-196a-2 rs11614913 (C/T), miR-146a rs2431697, miR-146a rs57095329, miR-149 rs22928323 with arthritis.

scholarly journals Can statistical adjustment guided by causal inference improve the accuracy of effect estimation? A simulation and empirical research based on meta-analyses of case–control studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruohua Yan ◽  
Tianyi Liu ◽  
Yaguang Peng ◽  
Xiaoxia Peng
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Strategies ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Statistical adjustment is often considered to control confounding bias in observational studies, especially case–control studies. However, different adjustment strategies may affect the estimation of odds ratios (ORs), and in turn affect the results of their pooled analyses. Our study is aimed to investigate how to deal with the statistical adjustment in case–control studies to improve the validity of meta-analyses. Methods Three types of adjustment strategies were evaluated including insufficient adjustment (not all preset confounders were adjusted), full adjustment (all confounders were adjusted under the guidance of causal inference), and improper adjustment (covariates other than confounders were adjusted). We carried out a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments based on predesigned scenarios, and assessed the accuracy of effect estimations from meta-analyses of case–control studies by combining ORs calculated according to different adjustment strategies. Then we used the data from an empirical review to illustrate the replicability of the simulation results. Results For all scenarios with different strength of causal relations, combining ORs that were comprehensively adjusted for confounders would get the most precise effect estimation. By contrast, combining ORs that were not sufficiently adjusted for confounders or improperly adjusted for mediators or colliders would easily introduce bias in causal interpretation, especially when the true effect of exposure on outcome was weak or none. The findings of the simulation experiments were further verified by the empirical research. Conclusions Statistical adjustment guided by causal inference are recommended for effect estimation. Therefore, when conducting meta-analyses of case–control studies, the causal relationship formulated by exposure, outcome, and covariates should be firstly understood through a directed acyclic graph, and then reasonable original ORs could be extracted and combined by suitable methods.

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