scholarly journals Biomaterials and Implants in Cardiac and Vascular Surgery - Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanisławska
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Cardiac Blood ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Platelet Deposition ◽  
Main Disadvantage

Abstract Currently, on prosthesis in cardiac blood vessels and heart valves are used materials of animal or synthetic origin. For animal materials include, among others pericardial sac in which is the heart. Materials such as this (natural) are characterized by a remarkable biocompatibility within the human body, but their main disadvantage is the relatively low durability. In turn, synthetic materials, which include the austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, alloys with a shape memory (nickel-titanium), or polymeric materials, such as lactic acid, are characterized by high stability in an environment of bodily fluids, wherein the insufficiently high biocompatibility with the organism human requires from patients using after implantation, anticoagulants which prevent anti-platelet deposition on the surface of the prosthesis. The present work is a review of biomaterials using in implantology and implants using in cardiac and vascular surgery.

A New Generation of Aortic Valve Prosthesis: Design, Manufacture and Hydrodynamic Assessment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyamin Rahmani ◽  
Hossein Ghanbari ◽  
Spyridon Tzamtzis ◽  
Gaetano Burriesci ◽  
Alexander M. Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Nanocomposite Polymer ◽  
Cardiac Procedure ◽  
Aortic Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Suboptimal Design ◽  
New Generation

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the second most common cardiac procedure after coronary artery bypass grafting, accounting for more than 200,000 transplantations annually worldwide [1]. Currently available mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valve replacements are not ideal as they are associated with relevant complications. The tri-leaflet polymeric heart valves (PHVs) have been widely investigated as possible alternative to these substitutes. However, the clinical application of PHVs has been limited by their suboptimal design and poor durability of available polymeric materials. This study presents a new concept of surgical aortic valve using a novel nanocomposite polymer.

Mechanoresponsive self-growing hydrogels inspired by muscle training

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6426) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Matsuda ◽  
Runa Kawakami ◽  
Ryo Namba ◽  
Tasuku Nakajima ◽  
Jian Ping Gong
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Mechanochemical Transduction ◽  
Repetitive Loading ◽  
Intelligent Devices ◽  
Living Tissues

Living tissues, such as muscle, autonomously grow and remodel themselves to adapt to their surrounding mechanical environment through metabolic processes. By contrast, typical synthetic materials cannot grow and reconstruct their structures once formed. We propose a strategy for developing “self-growing” polymeric materials that respond to repetitive mechanical stress through an effective mechanochemical transduction. Robust double-network hydrogels provided with a sustained monomer supply undergo self-growth, and the materials are substantially strengthened under repetitive loading through a structural destruction-reconstruction process. This strategy also endows the hydrogels with tailored functions at desired positions by mechanical stamping. This work may pave the way for the development of self-growing gel materials for applications such as soft robots and intelligent devices.

Valvular heart disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri T. Kovanen ◽  
Magnus Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Valvular Interstitial Cells ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Cardiac Blood ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodelling ◽  
Flow Through

The heart valves, which maintain a unidirectional cardiac blood flow, are covered by endothelial cells and structurally composed by valvular interstitial cells and extracellular matrix. Valvular heart disease can be either stenotic, causing obstruction of the valvular flow, or regurgitant, referring to a back-flow through the valve. The pathophysiological changes in valvular heart disease include, for example, lipid and inflammatory cell infiltration, calcification, neoangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. The present chapter addresses the biology of the aortic and mitral valves, and the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse.

Further Evolution of a New Nonbiological Transcatheter Valvular Prosthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Schröter ◽  
Martin Hartrumpf ◽  
Ralf-Uwe Kuehnel ◽  
Roya Ostovar ◽  
Johannes M. Albes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Valve ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
The Road ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Valve Prostheses

Abstract Background Polymeric heart valves are constructed from flexible synthetic materials, therefore aiming to combine the advantageous hemodynamic of biological and the longevity of mechanical valve prostheses. One such valve prototype in development is the PIZZA valve constructed of flexible triangular silicone leaflets on a foldable metal base for perspective transcatheter implantation. Here we present further improvements in its performance through structural modifications. Methods Structurally modified prototypes were constructed from silicone sheets and stainless-steel wires. Their performance was then tested in a hemodynamic testing device of the type HKP 2.0. Results Shift from a planar to a cone shape as well as overlapping of the leaflets significantly improved the valves performance, reducing regurgitation as well as systolic pressure gradients. Conclusions The results of the modified prototypes expressed superior performance and represented a step forward on the road to an easily producible, polymeric transcatheter valvular prosthesis.

The Use of Polymeric Materials in Modern Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Tembulat A. Kushkhov ◽  
Diana A. Makhieva ◽  
Larisa V. Kardanova ◽  
Marina T. Tkhazaplizheva ◽  
Adalbi Z. Khashukoev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Artificial Heart Valves ◽  
Artificial Teeth

The achievements and discoveries of chemical science have firmly established themselves in all branches of humanity. One of the most significant chemistry possibilities is the polymerization and polycondensation of compounds, which, in turn, are methods for producing polymers. Polymers are high molecular weight compounds consisting of many units (monomers) linked by chemical bonds. Unique polymer compounds are the basis of plastics, chemical fibers, rubber, paints, and varnishes, adhesives [8]. Polymers are used for the manufacture of removable prostheses, materials for fillings and inlays, orthodontic appliances, artificial teeth, dental implants, as well as in the creation of artificial heart valves, artificial kidney devices, artificial circulation, artificial heart [6].

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753-1765
Author(s):  
Christopher B Kennedy ◽  
Bruce J Balcom ◽  
Igor V Mastikhin
Keyword(s):  
Spin Relaxation ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Synthetic Materials

A new MRI method, recently employed in porous-media studies, is introduced for the imaging of rigid polymeric materials. The method, Single-Point Ramped Imaging with T1 Enhancement (SPRITE), is designed to spatially encode short lifetime, T2*, signals characteristic of rigid materials. We investigate the advantages of the SPRITE technique over conventional imaging methods by comparing a 2D SPRITE image of four common polymers to a 2D spin-echo image of the same substances. We demonstrate the general applicability of SPRITE by imaging two commercial products, a stop-valve made of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and a solid-core, multilayer golf ball, both containing synthetic materials with effective 1H spin-spin relaxation times, T2*, well under 300 µs. Three-dimensional images of millimeter resolution reveal internal physical differentiation and chemical inhomogeneities that cannot be observed using conventional MRI methods. We also consider the incorporation of active spoiler gradients in SPRITE for visualization of samples with long spin-spin relaxation times, T2.Key words: MRI, NMR, SPI, SPRITE, polymers, imaging.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TENSION-FREE PLASTIC OF ABDOMINAL WALLS AND SYNTHETIC ENDOPROSTHESIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
V. V. Parshikov ◽  
V. A. Khodak ◽  
A. A. Samsonov ◽  
V. P. Gradusov ◽  
R. V. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Open Abdomen ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Synthetic Materials

Introduction. Prosthetic plastic with the use of polymeric materials has become main practice in modern herniology. Issues of application of synthetic endoprosthesis under condition of bacterial contamination are the point at discussion. The potential and justification of such approach are arguable, while the closest and more remote outcomes are actively being examined.Aim of the work is to study the opportunities of synthetic materials application under conditions of compromising area interference of patients with urgent surgery pathology. Materials and methods. 2152 patients have been operated on hernia and prosthetic plastics of abdominal wall have been carried out to 1537 patients with the use of synthetic materials in Surgery of Municipal Hospital № 35 in Nizhny Novgorod. Moreover, the outcomes of constricted hernia treatment of 445 persons have been reviewed. Patients with constricted hernia were included to the main group and were carried out prosthesis plastics (n = 281). Patients, who were carried out plastics with their own tissue, have been ascribed to the control group (n = 164). The groups were comparable by sex, age, characteristic of the main and concomitant pathology. Potential for application of synthetic materials for open abdomen for widespread peritonitis (n = 82) has also been analyzed. Two options have been used – polyethylene perforated film and polymeric coating made of reperen by patent RF № 102192. The findings of treatment of patients with eventration (n = 57), including with application of filigree, have been examined. Findings and their discussion. Frequency of complication of the disease after hernia surgery was significantly higher among persons with urgent pathology. There were no considerable differences in this regard between the categories of persons with ventral and inguinal hernia. Frequency of complications didn’t have clear correlation with age. During the treatment of patients with constricted hernia this indicator didn’t differ significantly in the main and control groups. The application of prosthesis plastics didn’t impact significantly on the frequency of infections in the area of surgical interference. Utilization of special polymeric coating for open abdomen while treating patients with widespread peritonitis enabled to exclude contact of suture with knuckle, provide adequate drainage of abdominal space, sustain allowed limits of abdominal pressure, observe the character and quantity of exudate and assess the situation dynamically prior to performing regular revision and sanitation, and timely make tactical decisions. The usage of synthetic materials of eventration treatment allowed to fully exclude the development of occasional eventrations. Increase in frequency of pyoinflammatory complications and formation of intestinal fistula were not observed. Conclusion. Application of tension-free technique for constricted hernia allows to perform reconstruction and correction, fast and firmly close hernia defect, and at the same time frequency of systematic complications decreases, whereas pyoinflammatory complications don’t increase. The usage of synthetic materials for open abdomen for widespread peritonitis allows to provide exudate outflow, control abdominal pressure, and avoid a number of complications or timely reveal them. Implantation of filigree for final closure of abdominal space and tension-free plastic on eventration are possible on availability of experience and under a number of conditions. 

scholarly journals Blood cyst of the mitral valve – is it common? Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Ioana Ionac ◽  
Cristian Mornos ◽  
Horea Feier ◽  
Alice Dema ◽  
Adina Ionac
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Heart Team ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Cardiac Blood

Cardiac blood cysts are benign tumors, usually congenital malformations, found on the endocardium, particularly along the closing lines of the heart valves. Blood cysts of the heart are commonly reported at postmortem findings in infants and they are very rare in adults. We report a case of a 39 year old patient, who was incidentally discovered during echocardiography having a blood cyst attached to the ventricular face of the anterior mitral valve and to the mitral chordae. During surgery, the cystic mass was resected. Mitral valvuloplasty was successfully performed and the patient had an uneventful recovery. Blood cysts are rarely reported, thus there is no consensus or guidelines for the optimal management of the asymptomatic cases. Although our patient was asymptomatic and the cyst did not interfere with the cardiac function, together with the heart team, we chose the surgical resection of the cardiac mass in order to prevent possible complications.

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