scholarly journals Zbiorowiska roślinne użytków zielonych ze związków Calthion i Filipendulion w środkowej części doliny Wieprza

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
MARIANNA WARDA ◽  
EWA STAMIROWSKA-KRZACZEK ◽  
MARIUSZ KULIK
Keyword(s):  
Deschampsia Caespitosa

Celem badań była charakterystyka fitocenoz ze związków Calthion palustris i Filipendulion ulmariae, występujących na wilgotnych użytkach zielonych w środkowej części doliny Wieprza oraz ocena warunków tych siedlisk. Badania fitosocjologiczne przeprowadzono metodą Braun-Blanqueta. Związek Calthion palustris reprezentowały: zbiorowisko Deschampsia caespitosa i zespół Cirsietum rivularis. Zbiorowisko Deschampsia caespitosa występowało na glebach mineralnych i mineralno-organicznych, o niskiej zawartości składników pokarmowych. Łąki porośnięte roślinnością zespołu Cirsietum rivularis były zwykle zlokalizowane we wtórnie zabagnionych fragmentach doliny. Płaty tego zespołu występowały w sąsiedztwie zespołów – Alopecuretum pratensis oraz Caricetum gracilis. Zespoły Valeriano-Filipenduletum i Lythro-Filipenduletum ulmariae (związek Filipendulion ulmariae) występowały rzadko i tworzyły małe płaty na ekstensywnych łąkach, zlokalizowanych na glebach organicznych. Tworzeniu ziołoroślowych fitocenoz sprzyjała także mała troska o stan urządzeń wodno-melioracyjnych oraz zaniechanie użytkowania niektórych łąk

Accumulation of zinc and Organic Acids in Roots of Zinc Tolerant and Non-tolerant Ecotypes of Deschampsia caespitosa

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Godbold ◽  
W.J. Horst ◽  
J.C. Collins ◽  
D.A. Thurman ◽  
H. Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa

scholarly journals Competition ability of selected amenity varieties of Festuca rubra in mixture with Deschampsia caespitosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
M. Svobodová ◽  
J. Martinek ◽  
T. Králíčková ◽  
I. Našinec ◽  
J. Šantrůček
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Competition Ability ◽  
Viable Seeds

The aim of the research was to evaluate the competition capacity and find suitable proportion of different types of Festuca rubra and Deschampsia caespitosa in grass mixtures for decorative lawns. A field experiment with Deschampsia caespitosa cv. Kometa in monoculture or in mixtures with Festuca rubra L. varieties Viktorka (ssp. trichophylla), Barborka (ssp. commutata) and Petruna (ssp. rubra) was established in Větrov in 2007. The sowing rate was 40 000 viable seeds per m<sup>2</sup> (0, 25, 50 or 75% of F. rubra). The sward was mown at 3 cm. The number and weight of tillers of the turf components were evaluated during three years. The highest number of tillers (on average 63.3 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>) and weight of the dry aboveground phytomass (on average 196 g/m<sup>2</sup>) were found with F. rubra ssp. trichophylla. Its particular tillers had the lowest dry weight (0.32 g/100 tillers). The lowest number of tillers (32.9 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>) and low weight of dry aboveground phytomass (134 g/m<sup>2</sup>) showed mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra, whose tiller weight was relatively high (0.42 g/100 tillers). The size of F. rubra tillers was not influenced either by the mixture composition or by vegetation years. The number of F. rubra tillers was not significantly different in the third and first vegetation year. The number of D. caespitosa tillers in monoculture decreased during the years from 45 to 30 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>, but the weight of dry aboveground phytomass increased significantly from 233 g/m<sup>2</sup> to 318 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Poor competition of D. caespitosa was found in the mixture with F. rubra ssp. commutata (on average 4% of total number of tillers and 7% of the total weight of the dry aboveground phytomass). F. rubra ssp. trichophylla was less competitive and the least competition with D. caespitosa was found in F. rubra ssp. rubra, After three years the proportion of D. caespitosa in mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra significantly increased to 36% of the total number of tillers and to 55% of the total weight of phytomass. Mixtures of D. caespitosa and F. rubra ssp. rubra were found to be promising for low input lawns.

Biotic and abiotic characteristics of ecosystems on acid metalliferous mine tailings near Sudbury, Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bagatto ◽  
Joseph D Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Substrate Ph

INCO Ltd., a large mining company near Sudbury, Ont., deposits vast amounts of tailings on its property. These tailings contain elevated levels of Cu, Ni, and sulphides, and to curtail dust and acid drainage, INCO has undertaken a long-term project to cover its tailings with vegetation. Yearly amelioration of fresh tailings with limestone and fertilizer, followed by seeding with various grasses and herbs, transplanted conifers, and the later colonization of volunteer species of plants from adjoining forests, has resulted in the formation of ecosystems of varying age and complexity. To assess the long-term effectiveness of INCO's vegetation techniques, we studied floral diversity, attributes of developing soils, and the accumulation of Cu and Ni in various plant species growing on tailings at different stages of development. Habitat disturbance by tailings deposition, and its subsequent floral recolonizaton, is an example of "anthropogenic succession." Tailings that do not receive amelioration in the form of lime, fertilizer, and seeding remain free of vegetation, other than sparce clumps of the metal-tolerant grass Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Once amelioration begins, various species of grasses and herbs are able to subsist and within 8 years volunteer species begin to colonize. Substrate pH of dried tailings is less than 4 while the pH in upper horizons ranges from 5 to 6, increasing as the sites become more florally diverse; however, pH at lower depths remains less than 4. Substrate organic content in upper horizons at restored sites ranges from 4.5 to 5.0%. Water-soluble concentrations of Cu and Ni in upper horizons ranges from 1 to 5 µg/g dry mass, and 0.5 to 6 µg/g dry mass, respectively, and both metals decrease with increasing floral diversity. Levels of Ni increase at lower depths indicating greater substrate mobility. Levels of Cu and Ni are higher in plants from tailings than in those from control sites; however, concentrations do not decrease in plants from older and more florally diverse tailings sites. Root tissues contain significantly higher concentrations of Cu and Ni than aerial tissues. Monitoring air with moss plates indicates that dispersal of airborne metallic dust remains a problem.Key words: mine tailings, Sudbury, anthropogenic succession, copper, nickel, acid, monitoring.

scholarly journals Stem rust (Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola Urban) its hosts and harmfulness in grasses grown for seed

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Maria Prończuk
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa

Stem rust development on four species of grasses was studied in field experiments conducted at Radzików in 1997-2001. Population of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> from different hosts was characterised and their harmfulness for grass grown for seed was estimated. The materials for study were ecotypes and strains of <i>Lolium perenne</i>, <i>Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis</i> and <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> collected in breeding nursery and cultivars and strains of <i>L.perenne, F.rubra, P.pratensis</i> cultivated for seed. It was found that the changes in environmental conditions during last years influenced earlier occurrence of stem rust on grasses in Poland. All examined species were the host of <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i>, however the period of infection of particular hosts were different. <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i> were infected in early summer but <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in late summer or in the autumn. Morphological analysis of spores of <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> have shoved significant differences between populations obtained from <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i>. Some differences were found between populations from <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> also, but they need more study. Every year occurrence of stem rust on <i>L.perenne</i> and <i>D.caespitosa</i> and its relation with spring temperature in Radzików indicated that populations of patogen could overwinter in local turf. Incidental appearance of stem rust on <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in centre of Poland allowed to suppose that spores of these forms might be transfer by wind from other regions. The investigation revealed that stem rust can be dangerous for <i>L.perenne</i> grown for seed when infection occurs at flowering time. It has been established that infection of <i>F.rubra</i> and <i>P.pratensis</i> in autumn should not be disregarded. Damages of leaves by <i>P.graminis</i> ssp. <i>graminicola</i> substantially limited plant heading in the next year.

scholarly journals Distribution of tillers of plant species in old permanent grassland with different types of use.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
D.M. De Vries ◽  
B.J. Hoogers
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Bromus Mollis

A survey of 1647 old permanent grasslands was carried out using 25-sq. cm. samples [see Herb. Abstr. 29, p. 1] and the frequency of dominance of each species in the samples (DF), the frequency of occurrence of each species (PF), and the dominance tendency (Dt=DF/PF X 100) was calculated for each field. Tussock-forming species showed a non-uniform distribution of tillers within the sward and the value of Dt for these species was higher than that for uniformly distributed species. Of the 29 species studied, Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus and F uncus effusus showed high average values for Dt, while rhizomatous species such as Poa pratensis and Agropyron repens [Elymus repens], stoloniferous species such as Trifolium repens, Poa trivialis and Ranunculus repens, and species spreading by means of seed, such as R. acris, Bromus mollis and Rumex acetosa, had low average Dt values. From values of Dt calculated for fields used for hay, hay-pasture (aftermath grazed), alternate pastures (mown for hay in some years only) and pure pastures, it was shown that D. caespitosa, L. perenne, D. glomerata and J. effusus were more regularly distributed in hay-fields than in pastures. In alternate pastures, J. effusus had a low Dt value, F. arundinacea a high Dt. Species having a preference for hayfields showed higher Dt values than elsewhere, owing to their growth not being restricted by grazing. Typical pasture species which spread by means of runners, such as P. pratensis, Agrostis stolonifera and T. repens, were more homogeneously distributed in hayfields; their increased Dt values in pastures was due to their concentration in the spaces between tussocks of other species.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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