scholarly journals Impact of School Health Education on Prevalence of Dengue Fever in Lucknow City, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Shaukat Kamal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
The State ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Vector Borne

Of the six vector-borne diseases prevalent in the country, dengue is the second largest cause of morbidity and mortality. The disease is widely prevalent in all parts of the country with variation in intensity including Uttar Pradesh, the largest state of India. Though the disease is known to be urban in nature, cases are being reported from rural areas too. Uttar Pradesh experienced a statewide outbreak of dengue in 2016 and reported 15033 cases and 42 deaths, of which 2772 cases (18.44% of the state) and 18 deaths (42.86% of the state) occurred in the district of Lucknow. The disease is tackled under the guidelines of the Directorate of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Accordingly, source reduction and prevention from mosquito bites are the most important techniques in order to prevent the disease spread. Various means like pamphlets and posters containing signs and symptoms of the disease including source reduction and prevention from mosquito bites, written in simple language (Hindi), video clips etc. were used as health educational material. Selected secondary/junior schools were visited as per daily schedule during the month of July in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The sensitisation of the school children played a significant role in bringing down dengue morbidity by 83.73% and 74.74% and mortality by 88.89% and 94.44%, during 2017 and 2018, respectively in comparison to 2016, whereas the case fatality rate (CFR) declined from 0.65% in 2016 to 0.14% in 2018, as the school children along with their teachers played an important role in sensitisation towards the prevention of dengue, due to which they not only became actively involved but also communicated the required messages pertaining to the elimination of breeding sites and prevention from mosquito bites.

scholarly journals Present Status and Progress towards Kala-Azar Elimination Programme in Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Shaukat Kamal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Vector Borne

Kala-azar (KA) and Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), two out of the six vector borne diseases slated for elimination from the country by Government of India. Kala-azar or Visceral Leishmaniasisis prevalent in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh mainly in the districts bordering to Bihar, the state known for high endemicity of the disease. This disease has been targeted for elimination not only from thestate butfrom the country by 2020 by bringing down the Kala-azar prevalenceto <1 per 10000 population at sub district/block level. The two important interventions in Kala-azar control Programme includes Indoor residual spray (IRS) and Active Case Searches (ACS) in the endemic districts. The disease has been existed since long back in the state and the efforts made towards elimination are inadequate and deviated from the guidelines laid down by Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP).If the population of the sub district/ block is considered basic unit for calculating the prevalence of Kala-azar case<1 per 10000 population, then the state has achieved the same and as no activity pertaining to Kala-azar intervention measure is needed but in order to achieve the real target, it is suggested to consider the population of Health Sub-Center (HSC) for calculating the parameter of Kala-azar case <1 per 10000 population, for which a long way is required by undertaking measures like (a) active cases search drive for at least up to three years sweeping the whole population of the district, (b) complete treatment of the KA cases (both VL & PKDL), (c) complete coverage of population with IRS following the time line and quality of IRS as per NVBDCP guidelines, and (d) intervention activities needs to be synchronized with neighboring states or country subjecting their areas for KA elimination. Present study revealed the current status and progress towards elimination of the disease.

scholarly journals Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects.

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Anis ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Achieving The Dream ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-728
Author(s):  
Florence Boyer ◽  
David Lessault
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
School Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

Since independence, Sahelian cities have been experiencing continuous and increasingly strong population growth, linked to migration and to an unfinished demographic transition. In contexts of rapid urbanization, facilities, infrastructure, and services (school, health, sanitation, etc.) are deficient, and a transfer of poverty from rural areas to cities takes place. Sahelian cities are also marked by the youthfulness of their populations, and an important area for research are the questions of what the city does to youth, and what youth does to the city. Knowledge of Sahelian cities remains fragmented. If the dynamics and challenges of capitals such as Dakar, Ouagadougou, or Bamako are fairly well known, those of N’Djamena, Niamey, or Nouakchott are less so. There are few studies of small and medium-sized cities, and these are in need of updating in the contemporary context of decentralization. This chapter surveys the state of knowledge of urbanization in the Sahel, and suggests directions for future research.

scholarly journals Primary health problems in rural school children in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Helou ◽  
Salim M. Adib
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
South Lebanon

Background: Primary health problems among school children are rarely disaggregated between urban and rural areas. This report describes findings in children examined during school health visits in a rural region in South Lebanon. Methods: Medical visits were carried out in four public schools in the Qana region, district of Sour, between December 2007 and May 2008. Results: A total number of 887 students were examined. Age varied between 4 and 16 years old.  The majority (78%) had a normal weight for their age. Around 7.1 % of males and 3.5 % of females were considered obese for their age. The most frequent abnormality found was dental caries (59%). In addition, 14% of students had cerumen earplugs, and 3.6% had untreated defective visual acuity. Cases of pediculosis (n=62) were found in just one school, indicating a local outbreak of limited scope. Conclusions: There were only minor differences between health problems in this rural area and those measured in an urban area 10 years earlier. Dental problems continued to be predominant. In future campaigns, health education sessions should be conducted about personal hygiene and adequate nutrition with students, teachers and/or parents, in parallel to conducting the medical visits.  

scholarly journals STATUS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN HILLY RURAL AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PAURI, CHAMOLI AND RUDRAPRAYAG DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kandari
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
The Status

Hill Rural regions of Uttarakhand are inherent part of the state and were the prominent reason on the basis of which Uttarakhand state was carved out of Uttar Pradesh. Unfortunately the underdevelopment of these regions due to the aspect of ‘Area Deprivation’ associated with them has led to emergence of prominent problems like unemployment, lack of income generating opportunities and poverty leading further to a major problem of rural outmigration from them. To raise the economic condition of households of these regions it is important to enhance the income generating opportunities and to provide financial services which could cover up the majority of population with the social security net. The major way out to achieve them is through increase in financial inclusion. The present study through help of primary data examines the level of financial inclusion in the hill rural regions of Uttarakhand for which FII is computed on the basis of 4 dimensions of financial inclusion. The FII of the rural regions of development blocks of hill districts is compared with the FII of the all Indian rural households to examine the status of financial exclusion in hill rural regions of the state.

scholarly journals Trends in COVID-19 mortality and case-fatality rate in the State of Paraná, South Brazil: spatiotemporal analysis over one year of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
Djalma De Siqueira Junior ◽  
Tassiane Cristina Morais ◽  
Isabella Portugal ◽  
Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti ◽  
Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Study Objective

Introduction: by late 2019, China notified a new disease rising, and with the agent’s identification, it was called COVID-19. Despite the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) and worldwide countries, the disease spread out of control; on March 11, WHO declared the pandemic state. Brazil is the biggest country in South America, demarcated into 26 states with different economic, cultural, and social aspects. Paraná is one of the Brazilian federative units, it is the sixth more economically important and ranks second in Education. Its first COVID-19 case was confirmed on March 12, 2020, and the first death was on March 27, two weeks after the first death in Brazil. Objective: This study objective is to determine the mortality and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in the State of Paraná, Brazil, from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. Methods: It is an ecological time-series study, using all cases (854,326) and deaths (17,229 deaths) of COVID-19 reported in public and official database of the State of Paraná Health Department. Case fatality and mortality rates were stratified by sex and age. For trend analysis, the period was divided into a first “wave” (March to November 2020) and a second “wave” (December 2020 to March 2021). The Prais-Winsten regression model for population mortality and case-fatality rates allowed classifying whether it increased, decreased, or was flat. Results: Women were more affected by the number of cases, with 454,056 cases (53.15%) confirmed and 7,257 fatalities (42.12%). A total of 400,270 men (46.85%) were infected and 9,972(57.87%) died. For the first year of COVID-19, in the State of Paraná, the incidence was calculated as 7404.12/100,000 inhabitants, the mortality was 149.32/100,000 inhabitants, and the case-fatality rate was 2.02%. We saw a tendency for decreasing the case-fatality rate (DPC = -0,18; p<0,001). The mortality and incidence showed an increasing trend (DPC=1,13, p<0,001; DPC=1,58, p<0,001, respectively). Conclusion: The level and variability of transmission during this first year of pandemic suggest that the disease in the State of Paraná was never under control.

scholarly journals A Students’ Health Centre Design for Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Center ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
The State ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: School health services have the purpose of ensuring that all students are ready to learn by ascertaining that they are in good health. More than 2.3 billion school-aged children have been reported to spend a third of their days in the school environment1. Such findings underscore the need to establish school health centers (SHCs) that exclusively promote students’ physical, social, and psychological health of school children, yet currently non-existent in the State of Qatar. Aim: The present paper aims to propose the establishment of SHCs in Qatar, and to envision the impact of these comprehensively and uniquely designed Student Health Care Centers (SHCs) for school children health and wellbeing in Qatar. Student’s Health Center Design: Qatar prioritizes student’s health as part of its high-quality health care services. Qatar’s student health will benefit from establishment of comprehensive school health center services. Recommendation: This paper presents an SHC design that may be used in the State of Qatar. Identical SHC design may be applied in other countries also to improve the health, and quality of life among school children by creating a platform for rendering multidisciplinary health care services and health promotion to school children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document