Efficacy of Probiotic, Chlorhexidine, and Sodium Fluoride Mouthrinses on Mutans Streptococci in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children: A Crossover Randomized Trial

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The oral cavity is home to a diverse and distinct microbiome. While the role of oral bacteria in cariogenic and other dental diseases is irrefutable, their beneficial effects in the form of probiotics (PB) has been less studied, especially pertaining to oral diseases in children. This study compares the efficacy of a PB mouthrinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthrinse on the colony counts of mutans streptococci (MS) in children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A triple-blind crossover randomized trial between interventional groups was planned. Fifty-one children between 8 to 12 years of age were divided into three groups (I, II, and III) and were exposed to all three mouthrinses (A, B, and C) by randomized allocation for a period of two weeks with an inter-phase washout period of four weeks. Pre- and post-interventional MS counts (CFU/mL) were assessed, and the mean change was analysed using the <i>t</i> test (intragroup) and ANOVA (intergroup and crossover). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean changes in the colony counts obtained with the use of PB, CHX, and NaF mouthrinses were −1.0223 (−1.2201 to −0.8246), −0.9564 (−1.1503 to −0.7626), and −0.9511 (−1.1554 to −0.7467), respectively, which were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). However, the intergroup comparison for the mean change in colony counts revealed no statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study concluded that the PB mouthrinse was equally efficacious as compared to CHX and NaF mouthrinses against MS in 8- to 12-year-old children. However, further studies are recommended to strengthen the evidence.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Berbasis Android untuk Identifikasi Penyakit pada Gigi dengan Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining

Teeth are an important part of the body in the digestive process. As a start of the digestive process, teeth receive various kinds of food conditions such as sweet, cold, hard foods, and so on. These food conditions affect dental health so that when teeth are not treated they become vulnerable to disease. Society in general does not pay attention to pain in the teeth. Though the pain in the teeth can be caused by diseases such as dental caries, tartar, and others. The solution of this research is manifested in the form of an expert system to diagnose dental diseases using the Android-based Forward Chaining method. The expert system application used by researchers is McGoo. The purpose of this expert system is to help the public get information and carry out a diagnosis of dental disease independently. Users only need to answer the questions displayed by the system to get the results of the diagnosis in the form of the type of illness and treatment solutions that can be done. The results of the system diagnosis have been tested and validated by experts namely dentists who are the source of information and data. Based on the accuracy of the system diagnostic test results are by the results of the expert diagnosis.

Study of the effect of using a hard toothbrush with a high abrasive toothpaste according to profilometry data

Compliance with oral hygiene is an important aspect of the prevention of dental diseases. But an uncontrolled choice, the use of improperly selected home hygiene products can lead to a number of complications, for example hyperesthesia of dentin. An important aspect of the choice of home hygiene products is their effect on the hard tissues of the tooth.Aim. To study in the experiment the effect of a hard toothbrush with a high level of abrasiveness of a toothpaste on the change in the enamel surface according to profilometry data.Materials and methods. Using the device for cleaning teeth, a study was carried out on the roughness of the surface if the enamel of the sample. In research were used the first 3 molars removed for periodontal indications, of which 3 samples of 1×1 cm were prepared. The measurements were carried out using a Senso neox profilometer (Sensofar) with a 3D magnification of 150 at the following time intervals: initial condition of the tooth, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year.Conclusion. When using a hard toothbrush together in combination with a highly abrasive paste, the optimal combination time is not more than 6 months. Further, there is an increase in roughness of enamel surface.

The use of the rinse aid based on a complex of natural citrus bioflavonoids for gingivitis. Clinical study

According to the Federal State Program of Primary Prevention of dental Diseases among the population of Russia in 2011 in the age group of 35–44 years, conducted by STAR, the prevalence of periodontal diseases is high – more than 80%. The high prevalence is due to the low level of oral hygiene. In addition to the standard protocol for the treatment of periodontal diseases, dentists prescribe antibacterial mouthwashes for home use. The combination of chlorhexidine 0.05% + CITROX can act as an alternative to pure chlorhexidine. This combination contributes to less plaque formation, reduces bleeding gums and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It was also noted that this rinse aid has a more pleasant taste and less pronounced side effects.

Aloe Vera in Dentistry: A Review

Aloe Vera is a tender and succulent type of plant belonging to the Liliaceae family and genus Aloe. It has been used as a medicinal plant for its healing and soothing properties for more than 2000 years. Properties of the Aloe Vera are not only specie dependent but also on how it is handled after being collected. Due to the adverse effects associated with conventional drugs, researchers are again interested in pursuing plant-based therapies for diseases. Aloe Vera possesses number of beneficial ingredients whilst some studies have also reported its potentially harmful effects. Presence of Aloe Vera in the scaffold material increases viability of the regenerating cells. It is crucial to understand how Aloe Vera interacts with the human body and its physiology when used for dental diseases and discomforts. Components like anthraquinones, aloe-emodin, and aloin present in the Aloe Vera leaves are responsible for their strong anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature related to Aloe Vera use as a replacement or adjunctive therapy in dental diseases.

State programs for the primary prevention of major oral diseases in Belarus

Background. The purpose of the study was to analyze the results of the implementation of state programs for the prevention of major dental diseases, dental caries and periodontal diseases, in the Republic of Belarus. Materials and methods. Generalization of studies on the epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases among children and adults in Belarus. Results. The first state program for the primary prevention of dental diseases in children, developed by professor E.M. Melnichenko in 1986, together with the updated version of 1998, was effective in reducing the prevalence of dental caries in the key age group of 12-year-old children by 20 % from the baseline level; the national prevention program made it possible to achieve the decayed, missing and filled teeth index of 2.4. Conclusions. The experience of practical implementation of the state program for the prevention of dental diseases in the Republic of Belarus was positive due to the use of evidence-based methods recommended by the World Health Organization.

Vitamin D in periodontology

Generalized periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases that can lead to tooth mobility and tooth loss. Plaque is main etiological factor, but periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. There are data on the effect of vitamin D levels on generalized periodontitis. Vitamin D has a pleiotropic effect by affecting various links in the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis. Stimulating the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, vitamin D increases local immunity and adversely affects periodontal pathogens; modulating the immune system, it affects inflammation in periodontal tissues and the immune response; increasing the absorption of calcium and reducing the release of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D stimulates bone mineralization. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency worldwide indicates the relevance of studying its effects on the human body in general and the oral cavity in particular.

Prospects and ways of development of accessible stomatology in Ukraine

The article presents the basic principles of functioning of the system of providing medical dental care to the population for 1991, the changes that have taken place in recent years. The state of providing medical dental care to children, rural and privileged categories of the population, prevention of major dental diseases and work on preventive dental programs are analyzed. The vision of further development of affordable dentistry in Ukraine is presented.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Dental Students in Davanagere City, Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Survey

The spread of viral disease in community and its occurrence among healthcare workers is important evidence of person-to-person transition. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared as a pandemic by the WHO. It has affected most of the people and especially the ones with pre-existing medical illness. This prospective study was conducted in a dental college to evaluate impact of the COVID-19 on the knowledge, attitude and practice of the dental students. The students were aware of the Precautions to be taken care of while treating the patients with dental diseases.

Essential Oils in Treatment and Management of Dental Diseases

Essential oils have considerable potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against various oral diseases and, in particular dental diseases. Wider potential of essential oils as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent is mainly responsible for their use in dental diseases. In the present review article, commonly used essential oils in dentistry have been explained systematically. The therapeutic efficacies of different essential oils in different dental diseases, viz. periodontitis, dental erosion, dental caries, dental pain, gingivitis, and plaque, have been discussed extensively. Finally, patents filed by various innovators on essential oils-based formulations and their applications in dental care have been well tabulated. In conclusion, essential oils have significant the potential for the management and treatment of various dental diseases. However, various preclinical and clinical studies supporting the safety and efficacy of essential oils must be performed for regulatory compliance and commercial exploitation of essential oil-based formulations.