scholarly journals Continuidades y discontinuidades de la movilidad ocupacional en México / Continuities and Discontinuities in Occupational Mobility in Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Zenteno ◽  
Patricio Solís

En este artículo se analizan las tendencias de la movilidad ocupacional en el México urbano a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva (Eder). Para ello se toman como referencia los hallazgos de un estudio previo realizado en Monterrey, en donde fueron identificadas dos tendencias: la continuidad de la movilidad estructural ascendente y la creciente desigualdad de logros ocupacionales asociada a los orígenes sociales de los individuos. Los resultados muestran que en términos generales estas tendencias también se observan en el conjunto de las ciudades del país, aunque con algunos matices que no se aprecian en Monterrey; revelan también que las transformaciones económicas y sociales experimentadas en el país durante las últimas décadas han producido efectos negativos en la movilidad social pues, a pesar de la continuidad en la movilidad estructural, se ha acentuado la inequidad de oportunidades laborales. AbstractThis article analyzes the trends in occupational mobility on the basis of data from the Retrospective Demographic Survey (Eder). To this end, it used the findings of a previous study conducted in Monterrey that identified two trends: the continuity of rising structural mobility and the growing inequality of occupational achievements associated with individuals’ social origins. The results show that in general terms, these trends can also be observed in the country’s cities as a whole, although with certain nuances not found in Monterrey. They also show that the social and economic transformations experienced in the country in recent decades have produced negative effects on social mobility, since despite the continuity in structural mobility, the inequality of job opportunities has been exacerbated.

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Patricio Solís Gutiérrez

La recesión de los años ochenta y la subsecuente reestructuración económica tuvieron un profundo impacto en la sociedad mexicana. No obstante, sus consecuencias sobre la movilidad social no fueron analizadas hasta finales de los noventa, cuando una serie de estudios empíricos revelaron las continuidades y los cambios en los patrones de movilidad social. En este artículo se discuten cuatro tendencias recientes: la continuidad de las altas tasas absolutas de movilidad intergeneracional; la reducción de las recompensas monetarias asociadas a la movilidad ocupacional; la creciente rigidez en las tasas relativas de movilidad; y el ajuste del caso mexicano al patrón de movilidad general propuesto por Erikson y Goldthorpe. El panorama que resulta de estas tendencias es el de una sociedad que, a pesar los efectos negativos de la crisis y los cambios estructurales de los años ochenta y noventa, ha mantenido altas tasas de movilidad social, pero sufre en otros aspectos como la calidad de las oportunidades de movilidad ascendente y la creciente desigualdad de oportunidades asociada a los orígenes de clase. El artículo concluye con una discusión sobre posibles líneas futuras de investigación de los estudios sobre movilidad social en México.Abstract: The recession of the 1980s and subsequent economic restructuring in the 1990s had a profound impact on Mexican society. However, the consequences in social mobility were not fully explored until the end of the 1990s, when a series of empirical studies revealed continuities and changes in mobility patterns. The purpose of this article is to discuss trends in intergenerational social mobility. Four findings are discussed: the continuity of high overall and upward mobility rates; the reduction of monetary gains associated to upward occupational mobility; the increasing rigidity in relative rates of occupational mobility; and the overall compliance of the Mexican case to Erikson and Golthorpe’s core model of social fluidity. The picture emerging from these findings depicts a society that, notwithstanding the negative effects of the economic recession and structural changes of the 1980s and 1990s, maintained high rates of structural mobility, but suffered in other aspects such as the decrease in the quality of opportunities of upward mobility, as well as the increasing inequality of opportunity by class origins. The article concludes with a discussion of future avenues of research for social mobility studies in Mexico.Résumé : La récession des années 1980 et la subséquente restructuration économique des années 1990 a causé un impact profond sur la société mexicaine. Néanmoins, ses conséquences sur la mobilité sociale n’ont été entièrement explorées qu’à la fin des années 1990, quand une série d’études empiriques a dévoilé des continuités et des changements dans les modèles de mobilité. Le but de cet article est d’analyser les tendances de la mobilité sociale inter générationnelle. Le débat porte sur quatre découvertes: la continuité de taux élevés d’ascension dans l’échelle sociale ; la réduction des entrées monétaires associée à une mobilité occupationnelle plus importante ; la rigidité croissante des taux relatifs à la mobilité occupationnelle ; et la totale conformité du cas mexicain au modèle type de fluidité sociale d’Erickson et Golthorpe. L’image qui émerge de ces résultats décrit une société qui, malgré les effets négatifs de la récession économique et les réformes structurelles des années 1980 et 1990, maintient de hauts indices de mobilité structurelle, mais qui paie les conséquences d’autres aspects tels que la baisse de la qualité des opportunités d’ascension dans l’échelle sociale, ainsi que l’augmentation de l’inégalité d’opportunités données par la classe d’origine. L’article conclut par une discus- sion sur les futures voies de recherche possibles pour affiner les études sur la mobilité sociale au Mexique.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
WAYNE M. REED

This paper argues that Brown's sleepwalkers in Edgar Huntly offer us an early figuration for the problems inherent in the phenomenon we now refer to as “populism.” Both populism and sleepwalking function through paradoxical and incongruent forms of expression that appear incoherent. The most prominent explanations that account for this paradoxical form of expression rely on an analysis of the breakdown of discourse. However, this paper argues that the incongruous form of expression is rooted in the reconfiguration of the social arrangements that enable Clithero and Edgar to advance socially but also places them in proximity to social crises. The contradictions of this position of social mobility are the source of the contradictions of the expression of sleepwalking. In depicting a world that makes social identity precarious, Brown offers us an explanation for how such paradoxical modes of expression are rooted in unstable resolutions of post-revolutionary society.


2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-261
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Daubigney

In this paper, the author describes and criticizes the theory of non-competitive groups. According to this theory, the non-competitivity of social groups refers to the existence and the reproduction by heredity of a bi-univocal correspondence between the hierarchy of social groups and the hierarchy of employments. Such a relation comes from the fact that the social origins determine the level of education, the distribution of inborn qualities, and the preference functions of individuals. It is also the result of the demographic reproduction pattern of social groups. In such conditions, the incomes hierarchy is the result as well as the means of the hereditary reproduction of social structure and of non-competitivity. Two basic criticisms can be formulated. First, this theory is unable to justify most of the relation underlying the analysis. Second, the proposed explanation model is unable to account for the contemporary ways of non-competitivity such as indicated by the statistics on social mobility.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina N. Tartakovskaya ◽  
Alexandrina V. Vanke

This article considers the social mobility trajectories for vulnerable employees involved in precarious employment. The authors define two types of justifying involvement in precarity — forced or voluntary choice. Forced choice of precarity is more typical to elderly employees (to Soviet generations). Precarity as a necessity comes as the result of labor market structural transformations, devaluation of certain professions — for example, working-class and engineer jobs — and leads to downward social mobility into the precariat. Most of the interviewed precarious employees of elder generations negatively evaluated their current social standing and were nostalgic about the state of social welfare. Voluntary involvement in precarity is more common among younger employees of post-Soviet generations. Young employees justify their “voluntary” choice of precarious employment by a flexible timetable, an interesting job, opportunities for self-development, a short commute, etc. However, as the interview analysis shows, precarious workers of post-Soviet generations do not make such a choice voluntarily: rather their choice is affected by the operations of social structures. Mobility of young employees within the low-resource networks, which easily allow for finding and swapping precarious jobs, confines them inside the precariat and limits their opportunities for upward social mobility. The authors conclude that precarious employment forms a specific habitus and an individualistic subjectivity among vulnerable employees. Short horizons of planning, perception of precarity as “normal” (“everybody lives like that”) and a specific lifestyle with a limited set of social opportunities — these are the key traits of a precarious habitus. This article is based on material from 75 biographical interviews with precarious employees, aged between 23 and 58 years, residing in large industrial centers of Russia — Yekaterinburg and Samara.


Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Toubøl ◽  
Anton Grau Larsen

This article develops a new explorative method for deriving social class categories from patterns of occupational mobility. In line with Max Weber, our research is based on the notion that, if class boundaries do not inhibit social mobility then the class categories are of little value. Thus, unlike dominant, theoretically defined class schemes, this article derives social class categories from observed patterns in a mobility network covering intra-generational mobility. The network is based on a mobility table of 109 occupational categories tied together by 1,590,834 job shifts on the Danish labour market 2001–2007. The number of categories are reduced from 109 to 34 by applying a new clustering algorithm specifically designed for the study of mobility tables (MONECA). These intra-generational social class categories are related to the central discussions of gender, income, education and political action by providing empirical evidence of strong patterns of intra-generational class divisions along these lines.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna K U ◽  
Jaisal E.K.

While examining the scope and challenges of social and occupational mobility of manual scavengers in India, the basic factors that determine the living and working conditions of the community cannot be overlooked. Unlike the rest of the world, where economic factors play a key role in forcing people to take up such menial and hazardous occupations, the major part in restricting the social mobility of manual scavengers is played by caste in India. Even if one decides to quit the profession and take up other respectable means of livelihood, the spectre of caste identity haunts him/her throughout life and the person has to face humiliations and social boycotts from the exploiters as well as from within the community. This paper attempts to identify the broad factors that determine the living and working conditions of manual scavengers in India, most of which also play a significant part in the vicious circle of social organisation based on that the caste system that restricts and checks their social and occupational mobility.


1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.


1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Galliher ◽  
Allynn Walker
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E. A. Frolova

The article presents the linguostylistic analysis of the story «Sluchai na stantsii Kochetovka» by A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Its aim is to show how the true-believing man can commit double homicide – bodily and moral. The author analyses the reasons of the character’s moral lapse possibility, defend language means that can discover the social origins of crashing human in a person.


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