scholarly journals Social convergence in Nordic countries at regional level

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kuc
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Gamma Convergence ◽  
The West ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Research background: Geographical proximity, common historical roots and collaboration within the Nordic Council cause the Nordic countries to be often wrongly treated as monoliths. However, in reality, Nordic regions differ in terms of broadly defined social and economic development. Issues concerning the standard of living are one of the priorities of the Helsinki Treaty signed by Nordic countries. Purpose of the article: The main goal of this paper is to analyze the existence of the social convergence in the Nordic NUTS-3 regions over the 2000-2015 period. The social convergence refers to a reduction in the dispersion of the standard of living across regions. The results of this analysis may be helpful in evaluating the efficiency of the activities under third and fourth Nordic Strategy for Sustainable Development. Methods: The spatial taxonomic measure of development proposed by Pietrzak was used as the standard of living approximation. Inclusion of spatial relationships in the construction of taxonomic measure of development is justified as regions are not isolated in space and can be affected by other units. The existence of beta-, sigma- and gamma convergence was tested for global spatial aggregate measure and as well for sub-groups of determinants forming the standard of living. Findings and Value added: The analysis showed that the regions with the highest standard of living are those situated on the west coast of Norway. Regions with the lowest standard of living were the ones located in central Finland. However, the most important part of this research was to investigate the existence of beta-, sigma- and gamma- social convergence. The results show that there is no convergence for global standard of living measure. However, the convergence occurs in groups of determinants of education and health care.

Extraterritoriality of Capital: Regional Dimension

Upravlenie ◽  
10.12737/2822 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Цветков ◽  
Valyeriy TSvyetkov
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Big Business ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Territorial Integration ◽  
Regional Interests

The paper concerns the analysis of big business activities at the regional level. Such analysis is important due the fact, that in order optimize costs, big business uses to refocus financial flows in detrimental to the regional interests ways. For this purpose regional specifics of corporate structures building are examined in details, particularly creation of holding structures and different emerging forms of cross-territorial integration. Corporate property transformation results in emerging of two major types of corporations, quite different in their impact on regional economic system development: regional (or territorial) corporations, integrated in the inner environment of the territory of activity; vertically integrated corporations, which usually integrate various territorial resources in corporate economic turnover with no concern for economic interests of the territory, where they operate. Main stages of the Russian big business evolution are considered and creation of holdings is described. Also considered are the issue of extraterritoriality of capital, impact of verticallyintegrated corporations on the social and economic development of the region of activity, ways to overcome negative effects of vertically-integrated corporations on the regional level.

Features of social and economic development of the city of Ganja in the post-Soviet period

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Vyusalya Chingiz kyzy Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article deals with the issues of socio-economic development of Ganja as one of the major cities of Azerbaijan and the main directions of local social policy related to the social problems of post-Soviet development. It is determined that there are positive changes in the improvement of the city, the expansion of its administrative borders, consistency in addressing issues of enhancing the quality of education and health, the development of tourism, services, and social assistance to vulnerable segments of the population. Meanwhile, the issues of providing jobs for various segments of the population, improving infrastructure, and regulating internal migration, including one as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, are still to be resolved.

scholarly journals Improving the methods for labor productivity calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-934
Author(s):  
V.V. Lymar'
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The article addresses the methods for calculating the labor productivity, as their efficient use enables to improve the social and economic development of the society, ensure stable economic growth and competitiveness of national economy. Objectives. The study focuses on identifying and structuring the factors that have an impact on labor productivity growth, analyzing the current methods for labor productivity calculation applied by Russian companies, and developing practical recommendations. Methods. I employ various methods of information gathering and processing, including the analysis of appropriate laws and regulations, official statistical data, public reporting of domestic enterprises, etc. The study also draws on the systems approach, and comparative and statistical analysis. Results. I offer a classification of the key factors affecting the labor productivity, reveal the value added as the most effective indicator for labor productivity evaluation. The cost component in value added most correctly reflects the dynamics of production as compared with the revenue-based methodology. The classification helps understand the most effective directions and methods of labor productivity improvement. Conclusions. The offered methodology is the most effective. It enables to present an adjusted algorithm for labor productivity calculation, using the value added.

AFRICA’S REGIONAL APPROACH TO CONFLICT PREVENTION, SECURITY MANAGEMENT: „ECOWAS VISION 2020 - PEACE, HUMAN RIGHT AND SECURITY”

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Andrews Ayambire
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
West African ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The West ◽  
Education And Health

This paper reviews the role of ECOWAS in promoting peace, human right and security in West Africa through the established vision 2020. The function of ECOWAS has always been creating a peaceful and enabling environment for cooperation and regional integration as a tool to enhanced development of the West African economy. Regional integration remains the most viable and appropriate tool for achieving and accelerating peace, human right and security among West African countries. With regard to the above function, the group in June 2007 adopted the transformational vision 2020 focused on the free move-ment of the population, greater access to efficient education and health, engaging in eco-nomic activities, raising the standard of living. This paper examines ECOWAS quest for peace, human right and stability on the continent within the conventional vision 2020. It highlights areas that require review to make peace and security more effective.

scholarly journals Unleashing the Potentials of Housing Sector in Nigeria as Perceived by Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo David Olugbenga ◽  
Nooraini Yusoff ◽  
Norsiah Abd Aziz ◽  
Adams Ndalai Baba
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Housing is a basic need and a human right. The role that housing plays in the social and economic development of a country cannot be underestimated.  Interventions in housing by government are widely acknowledged as one of the ways by which the social aspect of the life of the citizenry can be impacted especially through mass housing otherwise called social housing. This paper aims to examine the various potentials in the housing sector in order to enhance the delivery of more housing to Nigerians. A survey research approach was used in the study. Descriptive analysis was employed to explain the potentials in the housing sector. Housing deficit in Nigeria currently stands at about 17 million units. Efforts to meet and rectify the deficit will need a concerted effort of individuals and government. It requires unleashing the potentials in the housing sector to stimulate growth in the economy, thereby diversifying the economy from the mono to a multi sector economy.  Interventions of governments at all levels as well as the involvement of informal sector in the housing sector will have a multiplier effect. It will generate multiple employment opportunities which will in turn stimulate the economy through the circulation of money in the system. The paper noted that interventions in housing sector will stimulate industries in the production of local building materials. Additionally, ailing companies will be revitalized, thereby improving the standard of living of the citizens. The paper concludes that strengthening and repositioning of agencies such as the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria, Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria, Nigeria Mortgage Refinance Company, will accelerate the release of the potentials in the housing sector and thereby enhance the delivery of affordable houses for Nigerians.

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation in the social and economic development level in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-507
Author(s):  
Dorota Miłek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Levels

Research background: Social and economic development involves a broad spectrum of social, economic and spatial phenomena. The multi-faceted nature of regional development arises directly from the fact that it is shaped by multiple factors. Current discourse emphasises the role of endogenous factors, which indicate the specific nature and the distinctive features of the given territory. Mobilising the endogenous potential ensures stable regional development dynamics. At the moment, one of the fundamental economic problems are the increasing differences in the development of specific regions. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to assess the differentiation of the social and economic level development of Polish Voivodeships, applying the selected assessment methods for the years 2010 and 2015, draw up a rank list of regional units according to their development levels, and identify the groups of Voivodeships sharing similar development levels. The indicators used in this study, characterising the level of the social and economic development, have been systematised according to the following areas: demographics and labour market, regional entrepreneurship, local economy structure, innovation and research & development activities, technical infrastructure, social infrastructure, and the condition and protection of the natural environment. Methods: The level of the social and economic development of Polish Voivodeships was assessed using Zdzisław Hellwig’s development pattern method, which made it possible to rank them according to the level of development of Polish Voivodeship. The methodology is supplemented by Ward’s agglomerative clustering method, which made it possible to distinguish other Voivodeships according to the analysed phenomenon. The Voivodeship clustering method used Jenks' natural breaks classification method. Findings & Value added: Pursuing the research aims, the authors focused in particular on clear spatial differences. Through the analysis we were able to identify the changes in the social and economic development processes of the Polish regions. The Voivodeships were divided into groups according to their development level: the highest, high, low and the lowest.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

Socio-cultural Resource for Kazakhstan Modernization

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stavinskaya ◽  
E. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Features

The opportunities of the competitive advantages use of the social and cultural capital for pro-modernization institutional reforms in Kazakhstan are considered in the article. Based on a number of sociological surveys national-specific features of the cultural capital are marked, which can encourage the country's social and economic development: bonding social capital, propensity for taking executive positions (not ordinary), mobility and adaptability (characteristic for nomad cultures), high value of education. The analysis shows the resources of the productive use of these socio-cultural features.

Our Most Troubling Madness

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Alteration ◽  
Benign Course ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

This book examines the way schizophrenia is shaped by its social context: how life is lived with this madness in different settings, and what it is about those settings that alters the course of the illness, its outcome, and even the structure of its symptoms. Until recently, schizophrenia was perhaps our best example—our poster child—for the “bio-bio-bio” model of psychiatric illness: genetic cause, brain alteration, pharmacologic treatment. We now have direct epidemiological evidence that people are more likely to fall ill with schizophrenia in some social settings than in others, and more likely to recover in some social settings than in others. Something about the social world gets under the skin. This book presents twelve case studies written by psychiatric anthropologists that help to illustrate some of the variability in the social experience of schizophrenia and that illustrate the main hypotheses about the different experience of schizophrenia in the west and outside the west--and in particular, why schizophrenia seems to have a more benign course and outcome in India. We argue that above all it is the experience of “social defeat” that increases the risk and burden of schizophrenia, and that opportunities for social defeat are more abundant in the modern west. There is a new role for anthropology in the science of schizophrenia. Psychiatric science has learned—epidemiologically, empirically, quantitatively—that our social world makes a difference. But the highly structured, specific-variable analytic methods of standard psychiatric science cannot tell us what it is about culture that has that impact. The careful observation enabled by rich ethnography allows us to see in more detail what kinds of social and cultural features may make a difference to a life lived with schizophrenia. And if we understand culture’s impact more deeply, we believe that we may improve the way we reach out to help those who struggle with our most troubling madness.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

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