scholarly journals Can fiscal policy spur fertility?

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Janusz Kudła ◽  
Konrad Walczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Fertility Effect ◽  
Low Birthrate ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The decreasing fertility rate is a serious problem for policymakers as it affects the pension system as well as private consumption and savings. It seems reasonable to analyze whether fiscal policy may mitigate the low birthrate problem. Purpose of the article: In this paper we strive to answer the question whether fiscal incentives spur fertility if parents are rational. Methods: A theoretical economic model of utility maximization is applied to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on fertility. The conclusions are based on the analysis of comparative statics simulation calibrated for actual data from Poland. Findings & Value added: The results indicate that a substantial fertility effect can be obtained by raising subsidies for children or general benefits for families.

scholarly journals Inter-governmental Fiscal Transfers in the Presence of Revenue Uncertainty: The Case of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive multistage Value Added Tax (VAT) system, namely Goods and Services Tax (GST), is introduced in India since 1 July 2017. GST encompasses various taxes from Union and State indirect tax bases, and it is a dual VAT system with concurrent taxation power to Union and State governments. It was envisaged that removal of cascading of taxes and enshrining destination based consumption tax system under GST will encourage investment and improve ease-of-doing business in India. Though it is not right time to comment on success or failure of Indian GST system unless the tax system stabilises, so far revenue mobilisation from GST is not encouraging. The shortfall in GST collection has been acknowledged in the ‘Medium Term Fiscal Policy cum Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement’ of the Union Budget 2019–2020. The genesis of revenue shortfall may be design and structural in nature and/or compliance and tax administration related. However, the uncertainty surrounding GST revenue collection is an issue which needs an in-depth assessment for fiscal management of Union and State governments. The impact of revenue uncertainty will not be restricted to Union finances alone; it will spill over to state finances through inter-governmental fiscal transfers. Therefore, depending on seriousness of the uncertainties associated with GST revenue collection, devising an inter-governmental fiscal transfer framework may be a challenging task for the Fifteenth Finance Commission. Given the information available in the public domain, this article attempts to explore possible causes of revenue shortfall and assess possible impacts of revenue shortfall on Union and State finances.

scholarly journals Globalization, fiscal policy and free competition: The impact in EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Maria do Rosário Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
World Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Member States ◽  
Euro Zone ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Globalization has profoundly changed the rules of play in the international economy. A new world order, new challenges and new difficulties have arisen as well new strategies to avoid the consequences of global free competition. Fiscal policy is a crucial tool in new global competition model, in special for regions with a high level of economic integration, as EU. In this context tax harmonization is extremely important to prevent distortions of competition in European market. Purpose of the article: Study the political and institutional constraints of the tax harmonization and disclosure a small part of the initial results of a investigation project about “tax competition in EU”. Understand if and how lack of tax harmonization between the member states is one of the causes of inequity between them, in special the Euro zone countries. Methods: Comparative study about income tax’s in Euro zone countries and the relation to PIB, as well the deductive method to analyse the results we find and some reference studies on the subject. Findings & Value added: The goal is answer to the follow questions: what are the political and institutional limitations to tax harmonization in EU? Why there are no further progress in the field of tax harmonization? Can EU and Euro zone survive face a globalization challenge with the present fiscal disloyal competition between member states? What future for EU in a globalization era? Findings show that tax harmonization never was considered as a priority in EU, and maybe never will, what is a weakness in a globalization world.

scholarly journals Fiscal policy and growth in a small emerging economy: The case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-402
Author(s):  
Desislava Stoilova ◽  
Nikolay Patonov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in Bulgaria for the period 1995–2018. The descriptive analysis is focused on the general trends in fiscal policy and tax structure. The influence of government spending and taxation on economic growth is studied through regressions on time-series data. The empirical estimates prove that taxation is a more reliable instrument of fiscal policy than government spending in terms of a small open emerging-market economy. The dilution of the effect of public spending is probably caused by the high negative values of the current account balance that have been maintained for long periods. Thus, when domestic supply is weak, government expenditure cannot stimulate domestic production, as supply is dominated by import goods. Public investments demonstrate a negative effect on economic growth, which suggests a low productivity of investment spending. A factor of great importance is the level of corruption, which is strongly correlated with government investments, but is harmful to their efficiency. The Bulgarian tax system demonstrates consistency with economic growth. The receipts from value-added tax seems growth-conductive. The decrease of the corporate income tax rate exerts a positive impact on economc performance during the analyzed period, while personal income taxation demonstrates a negative effect. Property taxation has no significant relation with the growth of the Bulgarian economy.

scholarly journals Inter-Governmental Fiscal Transfers in the Presence of Revenue Uncertainty: The Case of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive multistage Value Added Tax (VAT) system, viz., Goods and Services Tax (GST), is introduced in India since 1 July 2017. GST encompasses various taxes from Union and State indirect tax bases and it is a dual VAT system with concurrent taxation power to Union and State governments. It was envisaged that removal cascading of taxes and enshrining destination based consumption tax system under GST will encourage investment and improve ease-of-doing business in India. Though it is not right time to comment on success or failure of Indian GST system unless the tax system stabilizes, so far revenue mobilization from GST is not encouraging. The shortfall in GST collection has been acknowledged in the ‘Medium Term Fiscal Policy cum Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement’ of the Union Budget 2019-20. The genesis of revenue shortfall may be design and structural in nature and/or compliance and tax administration related. However, the uncertainty surrounding GST revenue collection is an issue which needs an in-depth assessment for fiscal management of Union and State governments. The impact of revenue uncertainty will not be restricted to Union finances alone; it will spill over to state finances through inter-governmental fiscal transfers. Therefore, depending on seriousness of the uncertainties associated with GST revenue collection, devising an inter-governmental fiscal transfer framework may be a challenging task for the Fifteenth Finance Commission. Given the information available in the public domain, this paper attempts to explore possible causes of revenue shortfall and assess possible impacts of revenue shortfall on Union and State finances.

scholarly journals Impact of Fiscal Policy on Consumption and Labor Supply under a Time-Varying Structural VAR Model

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on private consumption and labor supply in the UK economy using time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility for the period Q2 1987 to Q2 2017. It considers fiscal variables such as government expenditure and net tax revenue and evaluates their impact on private consumption and average hours worked per week. Three sample periods were selected and two approaches were used to identify impulse responses, first taking the average of stochastic volatility over the sample period, and then allowing for sign restrictions based on contemporaneous relationships among the selected variables. The study found a negative wealth effect of public spending on private consumption and a positive effect on hours worked, as people tend to work more hours to maintain the same standard of living. Similarly, a tax shock generates negative effects on consumption but the impact on worked hours remains unclear over a three-year time horizon. These findings are almost consistent across sample periods and alternative specifications of impulse responses. This is one of only a few studies to determine the linkages between fiscal policy and the labor market using a macroeconomic framework.

scholarly journals Fiscal Incentives and Sustainable Urbanization: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Urbanization

Fiscal incentives can affect governments’ behavior and further influence economic and social development. Due to the specific conditions of the household registration system and the land ownership system in China, the urbanization process is dominated by the government. This article conceptually and empirically investigates the influence of fiscal incentives on sustainable urbanization. We theoretically analyze the fiscal reasons why land urbanization occurs faster than the population urbanization. Then we employ panel data of 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2012 to discuss the impact of fiscal incentives on urbanization from four aspects: fiscal revenue, types of taxes, fiscal self-financing rate, and tax losses. The econometric results show that both the local tax revenue and fiscal self-financing rate have a significantly negative effect on the gap between land urbanization and population urbanization. The larger the proportion of business tax, the smaller the gap, and vice versa for value-added tax. The greater the local governments’ tax losses, the greater the gap. The results explain why local governments in China choose land urbanization rather than population urbanization from the perspective of fiscal incentives.

scholarly journals Inter-Governmental Fiscal Transfers in the Presence of Revenue Uncertainty: The Case of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive multistage Value Added Tax (VAT) system, viz., Goods and Services Tax (GST), is introduced in India since 1 July 2017. GST encompasses various taxes from Union and State indirect tax bases and it is a dual VAT system with concurrent taxation power to Union and State governments. It was envisaged that removal cascading of taxes and enshrining destination based consumption tax system under GST will encourage investment and improve ease-of-doing business in India. Though it is not right time to comment on success or failure of Indian GST system unless the tax system stabilizes, so far revenue mobilization from GST is not encouraging. The shortfall in GST collection has been acknowledged in the ‘Medium Term Fiscal Policy cum Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement’ of the Union Budget 2019-20. The genesis of revenue shortfall may be design and structural in nature and/or compliance and tax administration related. However, the uncertainty surrounding GST revenue collection is an issue which needs an in-depth assessment for fiscal management of Union and State governments. The impact of revenue uncertainty will not be restricted to Union finances alone; it will spill over to state finances through inter-governmental fiscal transfers. Therefore, depending on seriousness of the uncertainties associated with GST revenue collection, devising an inter-governmental fiscal transfer framework may be a challenging task for the Fifteenth Finance Commission. Given the information available in the public domain, this paper attempts to explore possible causes of revenue shortfall and assess possible impacts of revenue shortfall on Union and State finances.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Suleiman M. Abbadi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Olabi ◽  
Haytham Owida ◽  
Abdelfattah Abu Shuku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at finding the impact of fiscal policy with its various instruments such as, current expenditures, capital expenditures, Tax revenues, non-Tax revenues, foreign assistance and value added tax revenues on economic growth in Palestine represented by the rate of growth of real GDP during the period 1996-2018. A Multiple Regression Analysis was used to build the model and test the hypothesis. The estimated results showed four of the six independent variables have a significant effect on economic growth, with current and development expenditure having a positive effect while tax and non-tax revenue having a negative effect. On the other hand, foreign aid and clearing tax by Israeli authorizations have no significant effect on economic growth, (though, the last one is significant at 10%). The study has also found that government expenditures need to be redistributed between current and development expenditures so as to increase the share of development expenditures in order to maintain a high growth rate. The paper recommends that the tax rate should be reduced on productive projects which are designed to decrease the unemployment rate and increase the rate of growth. The study has also pointed out to the significance of re-negotiating the Paris accord with the Israeli authorities so as to improve the terms of this accord, especially in the case of collecting the VAT revenues.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

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