scholarly journals Review on Economic Load Dispatch and Associated Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Swati Jain ◽  
Dr Krishna Teeth Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Fuel Costs

In a practical power system, power plants are not equidistant from the distribution center and their fuel cost is different. Under normal operating conditions, the production capacity is even greater than the required total load and losses. Therefore, there are many options for planning the build. In an interconnected network, the objective is to determine the planning of the active and reactive power of each system in order to minimize operating costs. This means that the active and reactive power of the generator can vary within certain limits in order to cover a certain load requirement with minimal fuel costs. This is called the optimal power flow problem. This paper provides an overview of AI-based algorithms, genetic algorithms and their applications with cost-effective charge transport.

scholarly journals The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the system for optimum power flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4678
Author(s):  
Dunya Sh. Wais ◽  
Wafaa S. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Gravitational Search

<span lang="EN-US">This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with the issue of reactive power management. The aim of using TCSC units in this study is to minimize active and reactive power losses. Reserve beyond the thermal border, enhance the voltage profile and increase transmission-lines flow while continuing the whole generation cost of the system a little increase compared with its single goal base case. The optimal power flow (OPF) described is a consideration for finding the best size and location of the TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects for minimizing fuel cost of generation units and the costs of installing TCSCs devices. The GSA algorithm's high ability in solving the proposed multi-objective problem is tested on two 9 and 30 bus test systems. For each test system, four case studies are considered to represent both normal and emergency operating conditions. The proposed GSA method's simulation results show that GSA offers a practical and robust high-quality solution for the problem and improves system performance.</span>

Flexible Genetic Algorithm Based Optimal Power Flow of Power Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Hassan Abdullah Kubba ◽  
Mounir Thamer Esmieel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Test System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

Nowadays, the power plant is changing the power industry from a centralized and vertically integrated form into regional, competitive and functionally separate units. This is done with the future aims of increasing efficiency by better management and better employment of existing equipment and lower price of electricity to all types of customers while retaining a reliable system. This research is aimed to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The OPF is used to minimize the total generations fuel cost function. Optimal power flow may be single objective or multi objective function. In this thesis, an attempt is made to minimize the objective function with keeping the voltages magnitudes of all load buses, real output power of each generator bus and reactive power of each generator bus within their limits. The proposed method in this thesis is the Flexible Continuous Genetic Algorithm or in other words the Flexible Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) using the efficient GA's operators such as Rank Assignment (Weighted) Roulette Wheel Selection, Blending Method Recombination operator and Mutation Operator as well as Multi-Objective Minimization technique (MOM). This method has been tested and checked on the IEEE 30 buses test system and implemented on the 35-bus Super Iraqi National Grid (SING) system (400 KV). The results of OPF problem using IEEE 30 buses typical system has been compared with other researches.     

Differentiation Coherence Algorithm for Steady Power Flow Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu-Lin ◽  
Hang Nai-Shan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Extreme Point ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Variable Inequality

This paper researched steady power flow control with variable inequality constraints. Since the inverse function of power flow equation is hard to obtain, differentiation coherence algorithm was proposed for variable inequality which is tightly constrained. By this method, tightly constrained variable inequality for variables adjustment relationships was analyzed. The variable constrained sensitivity which reflects variable coherence was obtained to archive accurate extreme equation for function optimization. The hybrid power flow mode of node power with branch power was structured. It also structured the minimum variable model correction equation with convergence and robot being same as conventional power flow. In fundamental analysis, the effect of extreme point was verified by small deviation from constrained extreme equation, and the constrained sensitivity was made for active and reactive power. It pointed out possible deviation by using simplified non-constrained sensitivity to deal with the optimization problem of active and reactive power. The control solutions for power flow for optimal control have been discussed as well. The examples of power flow control and voltage management have shown that the algorithm is simple and concentrated and shows the effect of differential coherence method for extreme point analysis.

scholarly journals Decentralized Prosumer-Centric P2P Electricity Market Coordination with Grid Security

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4665
Author(s):  
Duarte Kazacos Winter ◽  
Rahul Khatri ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Grid Security ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

The increasing number of prosumers and the accompanying greater use of decentralised energy resources (DERs) bring new opportunities and challenges for the traditional electricity systems and the electricity markets. Microgrids, virtual power plants (VPPs), peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and federated power plants (FPPs) propose different schemes for prosumer coordination and have the potential of becoming the new paradigm of electricity market and power system operation. This paper proposes a P2P trading scheme for energy communities that negotiates power flows between participating prosumers with insufficient renewable power supply and prosumers with surplus supply in such a way that the community welfare is maximized while avoiding critical grid conditions. For this purpose, the proposed scheme is based on an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem with a Multi-Bilateral Economic Dispatch (MBED) formulation as an objective function. The solution is realized in a fully decentralized manner on the basis of the Relaxed Consensus + Innovations (RCI) algorithm. Network security is ensured by a tariff-based system organized by a network agent that makes use of product differentiation capabilities of the RCI algorithm. It is found that the proposed mechanism accurately finds and prevents hazardous network operations, such as over-voltage in grid buses, while successfully providing economic value to prosumers’ renewable generation within the scope of a P2P, free market.

scholarly journals Power Flow Management by Active Nodes: A Case Study in Real Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Stefano Bifaretti ◽  
Vincenzo Bonaiuto ◽  
Sabino Pipolo ◽  
Cristina Terlizzi ◽  
Pericle Zanchetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Network Cluster ◽  
Reactive Power Flow

The role of distributor system operators is experiencing a gradual but relevant change to include enhanced ancillary and energy dispatch services needed to manage the increased power provided by intermittent distributed generations in medium voltage networks. In this context, the paper proposes the insertion, in strategic points of the network, of specific power electronic systems, denoted as active nodes, which permit the remote controllability of the active and reactive power flow. Such capabilities, as a further benefit, enable the distributor system operators to provide ancillary network services without requiring any procurement with distributed generation systems owners. In particular, the paper highlights the benefits of active nodes, demonstrating their capabilities in reducing the inverse power flow issues from medium to high voltage lines focusing on a network cluster including renewable energy resources. As a further novelty, this study has accounted for a real cluster operated by the Italian distributor system operator Areti. A specific simulation model of the electrical lines has been implemented in DigSilent PowerFactory (DIgSILENT GmbH–Germany) software using real operating data obtained during a 1-year measurement campaign. A detailed cost-benefit analysis has been provided, accounting for different load flow scenarios. The results have demonstrated that the inclusion of active nodes can significantly reduce the drawbacks related to the reverse power flow.

scholarly journals Active and Reactive Power Compensation Control Strategy for VSC-HVDC Systems under Unbalanced Grid Conditions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Liu ◽  
Tingting Zheng ◽  
Ziwen Liu ◽  
Zhihua Fan ◽  
Yilong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Disturbance Observer ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Double Frequency ◽  
Compensation Control ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Passivity Based Control ◽  
Unbalanced Grid

This paper presents a power compensation strategy to suppress the double frequency power ripples of Voltage source converter high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. The mathematical control equations of the double frequency ripple power of VSC under unbalanced operating conditions are firstly derived and established, where the dynamic behaviors of the double frequency ripples in active and reactive power are regarded as being driven by current-relevant components and voltage-relevant components, respectively. Based on the equations, a power compensation control strategy of VSC-HVDC is proposed via the passivity-based control with disturbance observer to suppress both the current-relevant and voltage-relevant components in the power ripples. With this control strategy, the double frequency ripples in active and reactive power are suppressed simultaneously and system performance is significantly enhanced with the implementation of the disturbance observer in the passivity-based control. Theoretical stability analysis and simulation cases show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Power System Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
M Dhana Sai Sri ◽  
P Srinivasa Varma
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Available Transfer Capability ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Transfer Capability ◽  
Power System Market ◽  
Bus System

Reliability of network is need of the hour in the present power system market and is constrained by capability of the network. The network calculations are performed using accurate and high efficient strategies. In order to perform power transactions in the system, the computation of available transfer capability is essential which a metric of capability of the system. Generally, effect wattless power is not taken into account in the methodologies for computation of linear available transfer capability. In this paper, a methodology which considers the reactive power flows for enhancement of linear ATC is presented. In order to perform analysis theoretically, a standard IEEE 3 bus system is considered. Another case study i.e., 14 bus system available in IEEE test systems is used for simulation analysis. FACTS technology is incorporated in the existing system in order to enhance capability of the network. To facilitate transfer maximum power in the system, an optimal power-flow-based ATC enhancement model is formulated and presented along with simulation results. Studies based on the IEEE 3-bus system and 14-bus systems with TCSC demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS control on ATC enhancement.  

scholarly journals Real and Reactive Power Control by using 48-pulse Series Connected Three-level NPC Converter for UPFC

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Naveena ◽  
M.Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Unified Power Flow Controller ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Flow Controller ◽  
Power Flow Controller

The equipments based on the power electronics have been improved under the name of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) in the last years. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used FACTS device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the transmission line. UPFC is a FACTS devices that can control active and reactive power flow in transmission line by means of injection controllable series voltage to the transmission line. This paper proposes a new connection for a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to control the active and reactive power flow control in two sides of a transmission line independently and it regulates bus voltage in the same transmission line, furthermore it is possible to balance line current too. This connection of the UPFC will be called an center node UPFC (C_UPFC). It is one of the newest devices within the FACTS technology. The structure and capability of the C_UPFC is discussed and its control scheme is based on the d-q orthogonal coordinates. According to this, the performance of UPFC for several modes of operations using different control mechanisms based on Proportional-Integral (PI) and PID based controllers has been studied. The obtained simulation results from Matlab/simulink confirm the effective features.

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