Complex Modified Projective Synchronization of Fractional-Order Complex-Variable Chaotic System with Unknown Complex Parameters

This paper investigates the problem of complex modified projective synchronization (CMPS) of fractional-order complex-variable chaotic systems (FOCCS) with unknown complex parameters. By a complex-variable inequality and a stability theory for fractional-order nonlinear systems, a new scheme is presented for constructing CMPS of FOCCS with unknown complex parameters. The proposed scheme not only provides a new method to analyze fractional-order complex-valued systems but also significantly reduces the complexity of computation and analysis. Theoretical proof and simulation results substantiate the effectiveness of the presented synchronization scheme.

Adaptive Synchronization of Fractional-Order Complex Chaotic system with Unknown Complex Parameters

This paper investigates the problem of synchronization of fractional-order complex-variable chaotic systems (FOCCS) with unknown complex parameters. Based on the complex-variable inequality and stability theory for fractional-order complex-valued system, a new scheme is presented for adaptive synchronization of FOCCS with unknown complex parameters. The proposed scheme not only provides a new method to analyze fractional-order complex-valued system but also significantly reduces the complexity of computation and analysis. Theoretical proof and simulation results substantiate the effectiveness of the presented synchronization scheme.

Indirect solution of optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints: finite difference approximation

SUMMARYIn this paper, a method for the indirect solution of the optimal control problem (OCP) in the presence of pure state variable inequality constraints (SVICs) and mixed state-control inequality constraints (SCIC), without a need for a close initial guess is presented. In the proposed method, using the finite difference approximation (FDA), the pure SVICs are converted to SCIC. Here, the distance of the constraint function to the feasibility bounds of the constraint is computed in every situation and the control signal is chosen appropriately to facilitate the constraint stays safe. In this method, prior knowledge of the numbers and sequences of activation times is not required. So, it can be simply implemented in continuous boundary value problem (BVP) solvers. The proposed method simply applies the SVICs and since the constraint is directly applied on the control signal, it improves the convergence. On the other hand, because of the convergence problem in the indirect solution of OCP, the simple homotopy continuation method (HCM) is used to overcome the initial guess problem by deploying a secondary OCP for which the initial guess can be zero. The proposed approach is applied on a few comprehensive problems in the presence of different constraints. Simulations are compared with the direct solution of the OCP to confirm the accuracy and with the penalty function method and the sequential constraint-free OCP to confirm the convergence. The results indicate that the FDA method for handling the constraints along with the HCM is easy to apply with acceptable accuracy and convergence, even for highly nonlinear problems in robotic systems such as the constrained time optimal control of a two-link manipulator (TLM) and a three-link common industrial robot.

Differentiation Coherence Algorithm for Steady Power Flow Control

This paper researched steady power flow control with variable inequality constraints. Since the inverse function of power flow equation is hard to obtain, differentiation coherence algorithm was proposed for variable inequality which is tightly constrained. By this method, tightly constrained variable inequality for variables adjustment relationships was analyzed. The variable constrained sensitivity which reflects variable coherence was obtained to archive accurate extreme equation for function optimization. The hybrid power flow mode of node power with branch power was structured. It also structured the minimum variable model correction equation with convergence and robot being same as conventional power flow. In fundamental analysis, the effect of extreme point was verified by small deviation from constrained extreme equation, and the constrained sensitivity was made for active and reactive power. It pointed out possible deviation by using simplified non-constrained sensitivity to deal with the optimization problem of active and reactive power. The control solutions for power flow for optimal control have been discussed as well. The examples of power flow control and voltage management have shown that the algorithm is simple and concentrated and shows the effect of differential coherence method for extreme point analysis.

A Simple Continuation Method for the Solution of Optimal Control Problems With State Variable Inequality Constraints

This paper develops a simple continuation method for the approximate solution of optimal control problems with pure state variable inequality constraints. The method is based on transforming the inequality constraints into equality constraints using nonnegative slack variables. The resultant equality constraints are satisfied approximately using a quadratic loss penalty function. The solution of the original problem is obtained by solving the transformed problem with a sequence of penalty weights that tends to zero. The penalty weight is treated as the continuation parameter. The necessary conditions for a minimum are written as a boundary value problem involving index-1 differential-algebraic equations (BVP-DAE). The BVP-DAE include the complementarity conditions associated with the inequality constraints. The paper shows that the necessary conditions for optimality of the original problem and the transformed problems are remarkably similar. In particular, the BVP-DAE for each problem differ by a linear term related to the Lagrange multipliers associated with the state variable inequality constraints. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed technique. Specifically, the paper presents results for; (1) the optimal control of a simplified model of a gantry crane system, (2) the optimal control of a rigid body moving in the vertical plane, and (3) the trajectory optimization of a planar two-link robot. All problems include pure state variable inequality constraints.