THE EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL SELF-MEDICATION FOR DYSMENORRHEA TREATMENT USING OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS

Betti Dwi Kartikasari; Yustina Emi Setyobudi

doi:10.24071/jpsc.1521072

Future Pharmacists’ Opinions on the Facilitation of Self-Care with Over-the-Counter Products and Whether This Should Remain a Core Role

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9030132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Lezley-Anne Hanna ◽

Alana Murphy ◽

Maurice Hall ◽

Rebecca Craig

Keyword(s):

Emergency Contraception ◽

Self Care ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Single Institution ◽

Self Medication ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Otc Medicines ◽

Practice Methods ◽

Identifiable Data

Background: The aim was to investigate pharmacy students’ views on the role of the pharmacist in facilitating self-care with over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, particularly in light of new roles, and establish personal practice. Methods: Final year pharmacy students at Queen’s University Belfast were invited to participate. Data were collected via a pre-piloted questionnaire, distributed at a compulsory class (only non-identifiable data were requested). Descriptive statistics were performed, and non-parametric tests were employed for inferential statistical analysis (responses by gender). Results: The response rate was 87.6% (78/89); 34.6% (27/78) males and 65.4% (51/78) females. Over a third [34.6% (27/78)] reported using OTC medicines about once a month. All appreciated the importance of an evidence-based approach to optimize patient care. Most [(96.2% (75/78)] deemed OTC consultations should remain a fundamental responsibility of pharmacists and 69.2% (54/78) thought OTC consultations have the potential to be as complex as independent pharmacist prescribing. Females felt more confident recommending OTC emergency contraception than males (p = 0.002 for levonorgestrel and p = 0.011 for ulipristal acetate). Many [61.5% (48/78)] considered more medicines should not be deregulated from prescription-only status. Conclusions: Data from this single institution suggests that enabling self-medication is an important part of practice but there were confidence issues around deregulations.

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Public perception of community pharmacists in South Africa: a preliminary study

Health SA Gesondheid ◽

10.4102/hsag.v11i3.234 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suzanne Bornman ◽

Ilse Truter ◽

Daniel JL Venter

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Full Text ◽

Public Perception ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Self Medication ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Preliminary Study

This survey forms part of a study undertaken to identify and quantify the community pharmacist’s involvement in the use of non-prescription/over-the-counter (OTC) medicine/self-medication in community pharmacies throughout South Africa. Opsomming Hierdie opname vorm deel van ‘n studie wat onderneem word om die gemeenskapsapteker se betrokkenheid in die gebruik van nie-voorskrif/oor-die-toonbank medikasie/ selfmedikasie in gemeenskapsapteke in Suid Afrika te identifiseer en te kwantifiseer. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

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RESEARCH ON SELF MEDICATION: A HYPE OR A HOPE? A LITERATURE REVIEW.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.13757 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Mythri Halappa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Recent Trend ◽

Public Health Practice ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Self Medication ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Health Organization

AbstractMedications are one of the most important tools in public health practice. Since the 1980s, self‑medication is of prime public health importance as World Health Organization, in order to reduce the burden on health care professionals changed some prescription drugs to be sold over the counter. Each drug has its own advantages & disadvantages. Hence, always they have to be taken with caution. Considering this a recent trend has increased in surveying the prevalence of self medication. Hence, this review critically evaluated the studies to put a light on basic concept of self medication.Key words: Self medication, Drug abuse, Self care, Substance abuse, Antibiotic usage.

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Milk-Alkali Syndrome: An Unusual Cause of Acute Renal Failure

Acute Medicine Journal ◽

10.52964/amja.0045 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

Azhar Ahmad ◽

◽

Rodney Dathan ◽

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Metabolic Alkalosis ◽

Case Reports ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Self Medication ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonists ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Ulcer Disease

Milk–alkali syndrome is described as a triad of hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment, resulting from the ingestion of calcium and absorbable alkali1. It was more common in the early part of the century when antacids were used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The use of antacids has since been overtaken by H2- receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. More recently, there have been various case reports of milk-alkali syndrome due to the increasing use of calcium carbonate as part of the management of osteoporosis and chronic renal failure, and also the increasing availability of calcium carbonate ‘over the counter’. We describe a case of milk-alkali syndrome due to self-medication with calcium carbonate.

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Behavior of Medical Students toward Over-the-Counter Drugs in Comparison to Students from Other Faculties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i35b31911 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

Amar Fathi Mohamed Khalifa ◽

Yasser Nabil AlKhudairy ◽

Adel Ahmed Algahtani ◽

Bandar Mohammed Abduljabbar ◽

Fahad Majed Aldawsari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Otc Drugs ◽

Professional Guidance

Background: Over-the-counter-drugs (OTC) are drugs that can be obtained by patients without a prescription from a physician. In Saudi Arabia, it has been reported that more than half of university students practiced self-medication and used OTC drugs. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study, among medical and non-medical students in Riyadh. The sample size was 421, by systemic random sampling. A pre-coded pre-tested online questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant relationship between what the participants were majoring in and the usage of OTC drugs (p value= 0.373). Gender also had no relation with the use of OTC (p value= 0.168). Panadol appeared as the most commonly used OTC drug 62.9% for the relief of the most commonly mentioned factor which is headache 50.12%. Conclusion: Medical education didn’t have much of an effect on the use of OTC drugs. Moreover, professional guidance or advice was not considered most of the time for taking OTC, but the majority of respondents portrayed good behavior towards usage of OTC.

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Evaluate use of over the counter drugs among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 973

Author(s):

Megha Sood ◽

Jagminder Kaur Bajaj ◽

Nipunjot Grewal

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Drug Use ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Easy Access ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Otc Drugs ◽

Abdominal Symptoms

Background: In our country there is easy availability of drugs over the counter leading to their unintentional misuse and abuse. Over the counter availability of drugs does offer the benefit of easy access to medicines and allows individuals to become in charge of their own health. It is important to understand that medical education can impact the OTC drug use amongst medical students. In order to observe the pattern of OTC drug use among the first and second professional MBBS students we planned this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate use of over the counter (OTC) drugs among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: Our study was a cross sectional study conducted on first and second professional MBBS students. Authors administered a self structured, prevalidated questionnaire to the students. The data obtained was tabulated, analyzed and the results calculated in percentages.Results: The use of OTC drugs is common amongst undergraduate students. All (100%) the students who participated in the study had used OTC drugs at some point in their life. The common conditions prompting use of OTC drugs include head ache, body aches (74%), fever (72%), respiratory conditions such as: cold (60%), cough (28.5%), abdominal symptoms such as: abdominal pain (14%), gastritis (7.5%), diarrhea (6%), vomiting (5%) and allergies (10%). Very few students reported adverse drug reactions with these drugs.Conclusions: From our study we have concluded that OTC drugs are commonly used amongst medical students. So, periodic training and talks on self medication are necessary for them. Student knowledge in this aspect will help them in future counseling of their patients.

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TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT BEBAS DAN OBAT BEBAS TERBATAS UNTUK SWAMEDIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT RW 8 MOROBANGUN JOGOTIRTO BERBAH SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v3i2.120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Ana Hidayati ◽

Haafizah Dania ◽

Murtyk Dyahajeng Puspitasari

Keyword(s):

Self Medication ◽

Over The Counter ◽

The People ◽

Subject Characteristic ◽

The World ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Subject

Currently, there are developed illnesses that encourage humans to do their own alternative medication. In 2002, an estimated shows that 92% of people in the world choose the alternative medication namely self medication, by using over the counter medicine including free and limited, however the level of knowledge in using this medication is still poor, then it is possible to make a mistake. Therefore, this research aims to find out the level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08, Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study belongs to descriptive observational to find out the subject characteristic, the level of knowledge and the description of the kind of medicine used by society of RW 08 Morobangun. The sample used in this study is the people who lived in Rw 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The data was taken from the interview with the patient by using the questionnaire. The sample collecting technique was nonrandom sampling and the method was accidental sampling with the number of the respondents were 175. The result showed that 175 respondents in RW 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta used self medication of over the counter medicine including free and limited only for their ailment. The level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta showed that 42.9% reached the good category and 57,1% reached the sufficient category of 175 respondents. The conclusion of this study is the level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08 showed that most of the respondents achieved the sufficient category with 100 respondents (57,1%).

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Self-medication Pattern and Prevalence Among Iranian Medical Sciences Students

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886314666191022095058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nastaran Niroomand ◽

Mohsen Bayati ◽

Mozhgan Seif ◽

Somayeh Delavari ◽

Sajad Delavari

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Self Medication ◽

Medication Usage ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Negative Results

Background: Self-medication could be risky behavior and has negative effects. While Over the Counter (OTC) drugs are available at drugstores, the behavior has become prevalent among the general population. Objective: This study aimed at surveying self-medication behavior among medical sciences students of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: A sample of 396 students from medical, paramedical, and health sciences disciplines were included in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to fill a questionnaire about their demographics and socioeconomic status, medication usage and self-medication in the last six months, information about the correct use of medication, and information about negative results of selfmedication. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and logistic regression model using R statistical software. Results: Almost 72% of participants reported self-medication in the past sixth months. The main reasons included trust in their own diagnosis (59.9%), mildness of the disease (56.6%), and having previous experience about the disease (56%). Cough or cold (84.5%), headache (66.3%), and body pain (60.2%) were the most frequent diseases that led to self-medication. The majority of the participants (77.7%) reported they select their medicine on their own decision. Furthermore, self-medication was highly related to having medicine stock at home (OR=2.692), having less information about negative results of self-medication (OR=0.835), and more non-syllabus study time (OR=1.041). Conclusions: Although, medical science students have information about the treatment of illnesses, they should be more informed about negative results and side-effects of self-medication. They should also share their knowledge with society to decrease self-medication.

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A Study of Complications following Self-administration with Medical Abortion Pills

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v10i1.13188 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A Giri ◽

VR Srivastav ◽

A Suwal ◽

B Sharma

Keyword(s):

Medical Abortion ◽

Safe Procedure ◽

Self Administration ◽

Self Medication ◽

Missed Abortion ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Medical College ◽

Incomplete Abortion ◽

Abortion Complications ◽

History Of

Aims: The objective of this study was to find out the complications following self-administration with medical abortion pills.Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Nepal Medical College over a period of two years from January 2013 to December 2014 among 48 women who were admitted with abortion complications and also gave history of self-administration of abortion pills.Results: During the study period, 48 women with history of self-medication with abortion pills were admitted with various abortion complications. There were 60% of women who had consumed abortion pills within approved nine weeks gestation while 19% had consumed after nine weeks and 21% after twelve weeks. Majority (60%) were admitted with incomplete abortion, 4% with missed abortion, 13% with continued live pregnancy, 6.5% with septic abortion and 6.5% with ectopic pregnancy. Anemia was present in 79% of patient. More than one third of the patient had severe anemia and blood transfusion was needed in 52%. Surgical evacuation was required in 71% of patient; medical abortion with repeat doses of mifepristone and misoprostol was done in was done 13% and 6.5% needed laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions: Though medical abortion is considered to be highly effective and safe procedure, unsupervised selfadministration of medical abortion pills was associated with serious maternal morbidities. There should be some policy torestrict over the counter sale of this medicine.

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