Development of the Concept of Circular Supply Chain Management—A Systematic Review

This systematic review presents the most important characteristics and trends of research in circular supply chain management (CSCM), taking into account the impact of COVID. In addition, the similarities and differences between the basic concepts often used as synonyms for sustainability are also presented. First, the sample database (39,000 records) was based on a search containing publications’ titles regarding supply chain management (SCM). After narrowing the topic from SCM towards CSCM, the considered paper characteristics were expanded, including abstract and author keywords, to get a manageable number of samples for the systematic analysis (6095 documents) and the most accurate results possible. The analysis’ base sample was divided into two periods (before and after 2012) due to a significant increase and change in the number of publications, their subject, characteristic journals and geographical location. Sustainability has emerged since 2012, while a circular approach emerged after 2017 with a significant share of research, mainly thanks to relevant EU policies. Although the role of the US has been decisive in the field, the European research bases of previous years have increasingly been replaced by Far Eastern dominance. Currently, CSCM’s most important journal is the International Journal of Supply Chain Management (Elsevier), but most articles on the impact of COVID have been published in Sustainability (MDPI). More effective policy implementation and the fight against COVID in the development of supply chains are also likely to spread the circular economic model in the future.

Metabolomics reveals biomarkers of opioid use disorder

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is diagnosed using the qualitative criteria defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Diagnostic biomarkers for OUD do not currently exist. Our study focused on developing objective biological markers to differentiate chronic opiate users with OUD from chronic opiate users without OUD. Using biospecimens from the Golestan Cohort Study, we compared the metabolomics profiles of high opium users who were diagnosed as OUD positive with high opium users who were diagnosed as OUD negative. High opium use was defined as maximum weekly opium usage greater than or equal to the median usage (2.4 g per week), and OUD was defined as having 2 or more DSM-5 criteria in any 12-month period. Among the 218 high opium users in this study, 80 were diagnosed as OUD negative, while 138 were diagnosed as OUD positive. Seven hundred and twelve peaks differentiated high opium users diagnosed as OUD positive from high opium users diagnosed as OUD negative. Stepwise logistic regression modeling of subject characteristics data together with the 712 differentiating peaks revealed a signature that is 95% predictive of an OUD positive diagnosis, a significant (p < 0.0001) improvement over a 63% accurate prediction based on subject characteristic data for these samples. These results suggest that a metabolic profile can be used to predict an OUD positive diagnosis.

SELF-ACCEPTANCE: FROM PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUBJECT

In experimental psychology, the problem of non-acceptance of oneself, one’s environment, and the world around is one of the relevant issues. The author notes that the accepted in contemporary society popular opinions associated with self-acceptance often have manipulative or prescriptive nature and are the negative attitudes blocking the person activity and leading to its stagnation. The resolution of the stereotyped image of this phenomenon is possible from the perspective of historical-theoretical analysis of the study of self-acceptance. The paper presents various approaches to the understanding of self-acceptance by foreign and Russian psychologists within such psychology areas as neofreidism, gestalt-psychology, existential, and humanistic psychology. The author considers the changes in the study of self-acceptance, notes that despite different views of classical psychologists on the understanding of this phenomenon, they define self-acceptance as an active process promoting self-improvement and self-actualization of a person. This fact conflicts with the latent meaning of widespread life theses on self-acceptance. The paper emphasizes the possibility to study self-acceptance from the perspective of the subject approach as a phenomenon initiating the activity of a person in organization and regulation of own life activities, promoting further development of a person, its self-actualization. The author considers the controversial characteristics of self-acceptance as a subject characteristic: self-acceptance allows changing from self-understanding to self-improvement, at the same time, the high level of self-acceptance requires a particular level of development of the personal agency. The author notes the paradoxical understanding of the self-acceptance phenomenon largely within the frames of positive self-attitude, which can promote the “Self” image idealism and lead to intrapersonal regress.

Self-acceptance phenomenon paradoxes

The article provides a brief theoretical overview of studies of self-application by Russian psychologists, it discusses the problem of the phenomenon of self-acceptance as a subject characteristic. The author formulates paradoxes in the study of this phenomenon – destructive popular understanding of the phenomenon of self-acceptance, with the phrase "I am what I am and I will not be different" narrowing the range of activity of a particular person and reflecting the understanding of self-application as the opposite of development. The following paradox of the phenomenon of self-acceptance the author defines a predominantly positive understanding of self-acceptance while avoiding the negative experience of the personality, its features having a negative emotional colour. The problem is the differentiation of conditional and unconditional self-acceptance in the practical activity of the psychologist, when the demonstrated high level of self-acceptance can indicate both the presence of positive attitude of the individual towards himself and the presence of certain protective mechanisms that distort the results of research. Differentiation of conditional and unconditional self-acceptance is possible with indirect investigation of other personality features. Thus, the phenomenon of self-acceptance is presented not only as an integral personality characteristic, contributing to internal comfort, positive assessment of itself, but also as a subject characteristic, activating processes of self-awareness, contributing to further self-improvement of personality. The author defines unconditional self-acceptance in terms of a subject-matter approach.

SELF-ACCEPTANCE AS A PERSONAL RESOURCE OF RESILIENCY

The article provides a brief theoretical review of domestic research on resiliency. It focuses on the study of resiliency from the perspective of the subject approach, and defines the criteria for the resiliency of the subject. Scientific approaches to the study of the concept of "personal resources" are considered. The author assumes the presence of personal characteristics that are the resources of the subject's resiliency. The problem of the phenomenon of self-acceptance as a subject characteristic is discussed. The analysis of scientific approaches allows us to conclude that self-acceptance by activating the processes of self-knowledge, initiating mechanisms of self-regulation, has a stable positive impact on maintaining the subject's resiliency, which is manifested in a person's desire for self-improvement, self-actualization, and achievement of goals.