scholarly journals Influence of sodium and potassium fertilization on the sodium concentration of timothy

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Peltovuori ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
K Fertilization

Sodium (Na) concentration of forage crops grown in Finland, particularly that of timothy, is much lower than is recommended in the feed of cattle. A pot experiment was carried out on clay, loam and organogenic soils to find out the effect of Na application (0, 200 or 400 mg dm-3 of soil, one application) on the concentration of Na, K, Ca and Mg of timothy and the effect of K fertilization (0, 100 and 200 mg dm-3 for each three harvests) on the efficiency of Na application. Added Na elevated the Na concentration in all harvests on all soils. The magnitude of the effect (organogenic soils≥loam>clay) was opposite to the K supplying power of the soil. Potassium fertilization suppressed the effect of Na application substantially and Na concentration was elevated remarkably only when the K concentration of the plants fell to or below the deficiency level (approximately 15 g kg-1). According to a cation exchange experiment, nearly all added Na remained in the soil solution. Still, the apparent utilization of added Na remained below 4% on all soils, demonstrating the natrophobic nature of timothy. Sodium fertilization of timothy seems to be an ineffective way of increasing the Na content of forage at least on soils of a good K status or when applied with ample K fertilization.

scholarly journals Changes in potassium pools in Paraná soils under successive cropping and potassium fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4083
Author(s):  
Fabio Steiner ◽  
Maria Do Carmo Lana ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Concentration

The changes in soil potassium pools under intense cropping and fertilized with potash fertilizer are still little known to the soils of Paraná State. The effects of potassium fertilization and successive cropping on changes in K pools in different soils of Paraná, Brazil, were investigated in this study. Twelve soil samples, collected from the upper layer 0–0.20 m, were fertilized or not with K and subjected to six successive cropping (i.e., soybean, pearl millet, wheat, common beans, soybean and maize). All the crops were grown for 45 days, and at the end of the second, fourth and sixth cropping, the soil from each pot was sampled to determination of the total K, non-exchangeable K, exchangeable K and solution K. The result showed that the soil potassium pools varied widely. Total K concentration ranged from 547 to 15,563 mg kg–1 (4,714 mg kg–1, on average). On the average, structural K, non-exchangeable K, exchangeable K and solution K of the soils constituted 84.0, 11.3, 4.6 and 0.1% of the total K, respectively. Soils differ in the ability to supply potassium to the plants in the short to medium term, due to the wide range of parent material and the degree of soil weathering. When the soils were not fertilized with K, the successive cropping of plants resulted in a continuous process of depletion of non-exchangeable K and exchangeable K pools; however, this depletion was less pronounced in soils with higher potential buffer capacity of K. The concentrations of K non-exchangeable and exchangeable K were increased with the addition of potassium fertilizers, indicating the occurrence of K fixation in soil. After the second cropping, the soil exchangeable K levels remained constant with values of 141 and 36 mg kg–1, respectively, with and without the addition of K fertilizer, reflecting in establishing of a new dynamic equilibrium of K in the soil.

scholarly journals Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production and soil potassium forms in vineyard subjected to potassium fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlise Nara Ciotta ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Amanda Veridiana Krug ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Gilberto Nava
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
K Fertilization

Abstract Potassium fertilization can change K forms available in the soil, as well as influence plant absorption of it and yield but, mainly, it can affect grape composition. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of potassium (K) fertilization on grape production and juice (must) composition of a Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar. Grapevines were treated with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 year-1 K2O. Leaf K contents, grape yield per plant and area, total soluble solids (TSS), must pH and titratable acidity, and K available in the soil were assessed. Soil samples collected at the 20-cm layer were analyzed to measure K availability and nonexchangeable K in them, based on studies conducted over 3 growing seasons. Results have shown that K application did not have effect on grape production and must composition, although it increased K contents in leaf blade and petiole. However, annual K fractionation in the soil has suggested that 100 kg ha-1 year-1 K2O is the K dose capable of maintaining K availability to plants at more appropriate contents throughout the growing seasons.

scholarly journals Changes in potassium pools in Paraná soils under successive cropping and potassium fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Steiner ◽  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Concentration

The changes in soil potassium pools under intense cropping and fertilized with potash fertilizer are still little known to the soils of Paraná State. The effects of potassium fertilization and successive cropping on changes in K pools in different soils of Paraná, Brazil, were investigated in this study. Twelve soil samples, collected from the upper layer 0–0.20 m, were fertilized or not with K and subjected to six successive cropping (i.e., soybean, pearl millet, wheat, common beans, soybean and maize). All the crops were grown for 45 days, and at the end of the second, fourth and sixth cropping, the soil from each pot was sampled to determination of the total K, non-exchangeable K, exchangeable K and solution K. The result showed that the soil potassium pools varied widely. Total K concentration ranged from 547 to 15,563 mg kg–1 (4,714 mg kg–1, on average). On the average, structural K, non-exchangeable K, exchangeable K and solution K of the soils constituted 84.0, 11.3, 4.6 and 0.1% of the total K, respectively. Soils differ in the ability to supply potassium to the plants in the short to medium term, due to the wide range of parent material and the degree of soil weathering. When the soils were not fertilized with K, the successive cropping of plants resulted in a continuous process of depletion of non-exchangeable K and exchangeable K pools; however, this depletion was less pronounced in soils with higher potential buffer capacity of K. The concentrations of K non-exchangeable and exchangeable K were increased with the addition of potassium fertilizers, indicating the occurrence of K fixation in soil. After the second cropping, the soil exchangeable K levels remained constant with values of 141 and 36 mg kg–1, respectively, with and without the addition of K fertilizer, reflecting in establishing of a new dynamic equilibrium of K in the soil.</p>

scholarly journals Potassium Fertilization Affects Soil K, Leaf K Concentration, and Nut Yield and Quality of Mature Pistachio Trees

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiupeng Zeng ◽  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Brent A. Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
K Value ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Annual Application ◽  
Pistachio Trees

A field experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 to examine the effects of K fertilization on leaf K, nut yield, and quality in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). There were six treatments, including four annual rates of K application (0, 110, 220, and 330 kg·ha-1) and three K sources (K2SO4, KCl, and KNO3). Pistachio trees exhibited highly fluctuating seasonal leaf K levels. Leaf K concentration was low (<10 g·kg-1) during spring flush, increased dramatically during fruit development, and declined rapidly after harvest. Leaf K concentration increased following K fertilization. Potassium fertilization at the rate of 110 to 220 kg·ha-1 K significantly increased nut yield and quality, but nut yield tended to decrease when the annual rate exceeded 220 kg·ha-1 K. There were no significant differences among the K sources in their effects on leaf K concentration, nut yield, and quality. The use of KCl as a K source for 3 years did not increase leaf Cl concentration. There was a significant, positive correlation between nut yield and leaf K concentration during nut fill. The critical leaf K value for optimal pistachio production determined from 3 years' cumulative data was 16.9 g·kg-1. For sustained production in highly productive pistachio orchards, we recommend annual application rates of 110 to 220 kg·ha-1 K, using K2SO4, KCl, or KNO3.

scholarly journals Tuning Potassium Fertilization to Improve pH and Acidity in Glera Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under a Warming Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Patrick Marcuzzo ◽  
Federica Gaiotti ◽  
Marco Lucchetta ◽  
Lorenzo Lovat ◽  
Diego Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

Potassium concentration in grape berries can affect acidity and pH in must and wines. Under the current warming scenario, where preserving equilibrated value for these grape parameters is increasingly challenging, K fertilization could represent a tool to manage grape composition. In this study, the effect of potassium fertilization was investigated over 4 years (2013–2016) in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Glera). Four different potassium rates (0, 15, 30, 60 kg K2O ha−1 year−1) were tested and agronomic responses, grape quality as well as K concentration in the berry were recorded over the four years. At harvest, yield parameters and total soluble solids were unaffected by potassium fertilization. On the contrary, the titratable acidity of the musts was increased by the higher rate of potassium (K60), and both tartaric and malic acids showed higher values when the K rate was higher. K fertilization did not affect the pH, as all the treatments displayed comparable pH values and in an optimal range for winemaking. Overall, in our experimental conditions, medium potassium inputs showed better results on Glera grape quality compared to low K rates, by promoting higher titratable acidity levels without altering the pH in musts.

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

scholarly journals Osmotically inactive sodium and potassium storage: lessons learned from the Edelman and Boling data

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. F539-F547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhtri K. Nguyen ◽  
Dai-Scott Nguyen ◽  
Minh-Kevin Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Storage Pool ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Because changes in the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na+]pw) are clinically due to changes in the mass balance of Na+, K+, and H2O, the analysis and treatment of the dysnatremias are dependent on the validity of the Edelman equation in defining the quantitative interrelationship between the [Na+]pw and the total exchangeable sodium (Nae), total exchangeable potassium (Ke), and total body water (TBW) (Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, Birkenfeld LW. J Clin Invest 37: 1236–1256, 1958): [Na+]pw = 1.11(Nae + Ke)/TBW − 25.6. The interrelationship between [Na+]pw and Nae, Ke, and TBW in the Edelman equation is empirically determined by accounting for measurement errors in all of these variables. In contrast, linear regression analysis of the same data set using [Na+]pw as the dependent variable yields the following equation: [Na+]pw = 0.93(Nae + Ke)/TBW + 1.37. Moreover, based on the study by Boling et al. (Boling EA, Lipkind JB. 18: 943–949, 1963), the [Na+]pw is related to the Nae, Ke, and TBW by the following linear regression equation: [Na+]pw = 0.487(Nae + Ke)/TBW + 71.54. The disparities between the slope and y-intercept of these three equations are unknown. In this mathematical analysis, we demonstrate that the disparities between the slope and y-intercept in these three equations can be explained by how the osmotically inactive Na+ and K+ storage pool is quantitatively accounted for. Our analysis also indicates that the osmotically inactive Na+ and K+ storage pool is dynamically regulated and that changes in the [Na+]pw can be predicted based on changes in the Nae, Ke, and TBW despite dynamic changes in the osmotically inactive Na+ and K+ storage pool.

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