The effect of K fertilization and K removal by ryegrass in pot experiments on the K concentration of the soil solution of various soils

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Németh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

scholarly journals Influence of sodium and potassium fertilization on the sodium concentration of timothy

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Peltovuori ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
K Fertilization

Sodium (Na) concentration of forage crops grown in Finland, particularly that of timothy, is much lower than is recommended in the feed of cattle. A pot experiment was carried out on clay, loam and organogenic soils to find out the effect of Na application (0, 200 or 400 mg dm-3 of soil, one application) on the concentration of Na, K, Ca and Mg of timothy and the effect of K fertilization (0, 100 and 200 mg dm-3 for each three harvests) on the efficiency of Na application. Added Na elevated the Na concentration in all harvests on all soils. The magnitude of the effect (organogenic soils≥loam>clay) was opposite to the K supplying power of the soil. Potassium fertilization suppressed the effect of Na application substantially and Na concentration was elevated remarkably only when the K concentration of the plants fell to or below the deficiency level (approximately 15 g kg-1). According to a cation exchange experiment, nearly all added Na remained in the soil solution. Still, the apparent utilization of added Na remained below 4% on all soils, demonstrating the natrophobic nature of timothy. Sodium fertilization of timothy seems to be an ineffective way of increasing the Na content of forage at least on soils of a good K status or when applied with ample K fertilization.

THE EFFECT OF Ca ON TRIALLATE ACTIVITY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKERCHER ◽  
W. R. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Pot Experiments

Applications of Ca to soil in both growth chamber and field experiments increased triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)-diisopropylthiocarbamate] activity. Ca appears to affect the distribution of triallate between the colloid and soil solution causing a shift of triallate toward the solution phase. These effects are measurable in pot experiments at Ca additions of about 1 meq/100 g soil or at field applications of 2.5 tonnes per hectare (1 ton per acre) of Ca(OH)2.

scholarly journals Long-term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of 'Fuji' apple

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
K Fertilization

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are closely related to orchard productivity, since they are usually found in higher concentrations than others macronutrients in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) fruits. This research was carried out to assess the effect of eight years of soil additions of N and K on yield, fruit size and mineral composition of 'Fuji'/Marubakaido apple in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha-1 of N and K2O) replicated in three orchards from 1998 to 2006. Yield was estimated by multiplying the total number of fruit per tree by the mean weight of 100 randomly sampled fruit. Fifteen days prior to harvest, 24 fruit pulps were analyzed for N, K, Ca and Mg contents. Increases in yields were noticed in five and four years, due to the N and K fertilizer additions, respectively. Fruit size was more affected by K than by N fertilization. Fruit mineral composition was affected by both N and K fertilization. N concentration and N:Ca ratios were enlarged by N fertilization. K concentration and K:Ca ratios were also enlarged by K fertilization. Ca fruit concentration was reduced by N fertilization and often by K. Ca-related fruit disorders were not observed even after 180 days storage. However, N and K fertilization affected Ca nutrition. Thus, when fertilizing with N and K, it is imperative to use combined practices in order to offset the detrimental effect that these nutrients may cause on Ca concentration in the fruit.

Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Anandkumar Naorem ◽  
Shiva Kumar Udayana ◽  
Sachin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria

Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients required for plants. Although the total pool of K in the soil is generally large, the bioavailable portion is meager. There are several mechanisms through which the insoluble K can be made available through soil microbes called “potassium solubilizing bacteria” or KSB. They play an important role in increasing the solubility of K for proper crop establishment under potassium deficient soils through the production of organic and inorganic acids, acidolysis, polysaccharides, complexolysis, chelation, and exchange reactions. Moreover, they also produce specific exopolysaccharides and biofilm that enhances the weathering of the K-rich minerals and increase the K concentration in the soil solution. Hence, the production and management of biological fertilizers containing KSB can be an effective alternative to chemical fertilizers. This chapter presents the underlying mechanisms and their role in providing sufficient K to the crops.

scholarly journals Development and Correction of K-deficiency in Drip-irrigated Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Neilsen ◽  
Peter Parchomchuk ◽  
Michael Meheriuk ◽  
Denise Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Red Color ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Extractable Soil

Various schedules of 40 g N and 17.5 g P/tree per year were applied with irrigation water (fertigation) to `Summerland McIntosh' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees on M.9 rootstock commencing the year of planting. Leaf K concentrations averaged 0.82% dry mass, indicating deficiency, by the third growing season. This coincided with extractable soil K concentrations of 50-60 μg·g-1 soil in a narrow volume of the coarse-textured soil located within 0.3 m of the emitters. The decline in leaf K concentration was reversed and fruit K concentration increased by additions of K at 15-30 g/tree applied either as granular KCl directly beneath the emitters in spring or as KCl applied as a fertigant in the irrigation water. K-fertilization increased fruit red color, size, and titratable acidity only when leaf K concentration was <1%. Fruit Ca concentration and incidence of bitter pit or coreflush were unaffected by K application. NPK-fertigation commencing upon tree establishment is recommended for high-density apple orchards planted on similar coarse-textured soils.

Does N or K Nutrition Affect Bronze Wilt in Field-Grown Cotton?

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
C. O. Gwathmey ◽  
M. A. Newman ◽  
C. H. Canaday
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
K Fertilization

Bronze wilt (BW) is a disorder of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has reduced yields of susceptible cultivars, and may recur in future cultivar releases. Because BW may impair uptake or translocation of mineral nutrients, soil fertility may affect BW incidence or its impact on growth and development. A 3-year study was conducted to determine effects of N and K fertility and tillage on BW incidence and impact on growth and development of field-grown cotton. Incidence of BW was relatively low and unaffected by N or K fertility in this study with or without tillage. Neither N fertility nor tillage affected growth and development responses to BW, although high N fertility delayed appearance of secondary symptoms by an average of 3.5 days. Plant growth response to K fertility was suppressed by BW. Boll retention was reduced more than vegetative growth by BW, but this response was not mitigated by N or K fertilization. Leaves of BW plants had equivalent K concentration as normal plants, but 30% lower P, indicating that BW impaired P uptake or translocation. Results suggest that N and K fertilization are not useful methods to manage BW, but P nutrition merits further research. Accepted for publication 17 August 2008. Published 17 November 2008.

scholarly journals Changes In Different Forms Of K In Rice Rhizosphere Under K Application

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519
Author(s):  
MS Uddin ◽  
MJ Abedin Mian ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Saleque ◽  
AZM Moslehuddin
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Saturation Condition ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Rice Rhizosphere ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Over Time

A pot experiment was conducted with four soils from two locations (BAU farm, Mymensingh and BADC farm, Madhupur, Tangail) in order to monitor the transformation of added K (soil solution K, exchangeable K+ and nonexchangeable K) in BRRI dhan-41 rhizosphere at saturation condition. There were six levels of K viz., 0, 30, 60, 90,120 & 150 kg/ha from MoP. Eight kg soil was taken into each pot. The K concentration in soil solution increased with increasing K addition and decreased with increasing incubation period. Soil solution K was drastically reduced at 45 days due to higher crop uptake. The amount of exchangeable K also increased with increment of added K and gradually decreased over time. The non-exchangeable K increased up to 45 days and then decreased up to 105 days. Keywords: Rice rhizosphere; exchangeable K+; non-exchangeable K DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9279 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 513-519

Higher Potassium Concentration in Shoots Reduces Gray Mold in Sweet Basil

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Lior Israeli ◽  
Dalia Rav David ◽  
Inna Faingold ◽  
Yigal Elad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
High K ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

Nutritional elements can affect plant susceptibility to plant pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea. We tested the effect of potassium (K) fertilization on gray mold in sweet basil grown in pots, containers, and soil. Increased K in the irrigation water and in the sweet basil tissue resulted in an exponential decrease in gray mold severity. Potassium supplied to plants by foliar application resulted in a significant decrease in gray mold in plants grown with a low rate of K fertigation. Lower K fertigation resulted in a significant increase in B. cinerea infection under semi-commercial conditions. Gray mold severity in harvested shoots was significantly negatively correlated with K concentration in the irrigation solution, revealing resistance to B. cinerea infection as a result of high K concentration in sweet basil tissue. Gray mold was reduced following K foliar application of the plants. In general, there was no synergy between the fertigation and foliar spray treatments. Proper K fertilization can replace some of the required chemical fungicide treatments and it may be integrated into gray mold management for improved disease suppression.

Soil and foliar chemistry associated with potassium deficiency in Pinus radiata

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Smethurst ◽  
Andrew Knowles ◽  
Keith Churchill ◽  
Ann Wilkinson ◽  
Arthur Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Fertilization

We required an improved understanding of K deficiency and diagnosis in Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine). A rapid growth response to K fertilization (100 kg·ha–1) in the presence of weed control confirmed K deficiency in a 2-year-old stand. Tree growth did not respond to N fertilization, and weed control alone appeared insufficient to maximize tree growth. Temporal patterns in visual symptoms of K deficiency suggested they were worst at the end of a drought, and improved after several months of above-average rainfall that coincided with an increase in soil temperature. Soil chemistry generally responded predictably to fertilization, but K fertilization increased soil solution Ca and Mg concentrations without changing exchangeable concentrations. With weed control, a doubling of stem growth response to K fertilizer was associated with a 270% increase in soil solution K (natural variation amongst control plots), 51% increase in exchangeable K, and 39% increase in foliar K. Relationships between seedling growth and hydroponic concentrations of K were consistent with the incidence of K deficiency in the field; predicting these deficiencies using soil exchangeable concentrations was less clear. This study advances the interpretation of soil and foliar chemistry in relation to K and Mg deficiency in P. radiata.

scholarly journals Response of Apple to Fertigation of N and K under Conditions Susceptible to the Development of K Deficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
L.C. Herbert ◽  
E.J. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
K Concentration

A split-plot experimental design was imposed in the year of planting and maintained for the first five growing seasons in a high density apple orchard on M.9 rootstock planted at 1.5 m (within row) × 4 m (between row) in a loamy sand soil susceptible to K deficiency when drip-irrigated. Four N-K fertigation treatments involving low (N1) and high (N2) rates of N combined with 0 (K0) or 15 g K/tree per year (K1) were applied in five replicated and randomized main plot units. Subplots consisted of three-tree plots of each of the apple cultivars Gala, Fuji, Fiesta and Spartan. Soil solution monitoring indicated the maintenance of distinctly different soil solution N and K concentrations in the respective N-K treatments during the study. The most important plant response was prevention of the development of K deficiency by the K1-fertigation treatment. Fertigation of 15 g K/tree generally increased leaf K, fruit K and Mg concentrations, fruit size and yield and fruit titratable acidity and red coloration at harvest for all cultivars. K fertigation also decreased leaf Mg and B concentrations, fruit N, P and Ca concentration and fruit firmness. In addition to leaf K concentrations <1%, K deficiency was associated with fruit K concentrations <100 mg/100 g fresh weight and soil solution K concentration <5 mg·L-1. Increasing the rate of fertigated N when growth was constrained by K deficiency increased leaf N and Mn and decreased leaf P and B, but had no effect on tree vigor or fruit production and quality.

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