scholarly journals Fungus diseases of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in Finland

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Ruokola
Keyword(s):  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Resseliella Theobaldi ◽  
Fungal Damage ◽  
Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium ◽  
Conidial Stage ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Alternaria Alternate ◽  
Eastern Finland

During 1978—1981 a total of nearly 200 raspberry cane samples were investigated originating mainly from southern and eastern Finland. The samples consisted of young and already fruited canes injuried to different degrees. Phoma sp., the conidial stage of Didymella applanata (Niessl) Sacc., causer of raspberry spur blight, was most common of the isolated fungi; the perfect stage did not develope until afer preservation in cold. The peak of pycnospore release on raspberry canes was in July 1981. Other weak wound pathogens were isolated: Fusarium avenaceum (Cda. ex Fr.) Sacc., which occurred in 22 % of the transfers, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. and the secondly most common Phoma species, P. exigua Desm. v. exigua Maas. The fungi mentioned above were mainly obtained from different depths of the raspberry stem tissues, the least on an average from the pith. Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl. was the most common ’surface fungus’, Phialophora spp., wood rotting saprophytes, common also in the pith. Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fckl.) Sacc., the most strong of the pathogens, was rare in the samples. The occurrence of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten in root samples changed 8-70 %. The cv. Muskoka is more susceptible to spur blight than cv. Ottawa. On the other hand, the larvae of raspberry cane midge (Resseliella theobaldi (Barnes)) produced plenty of injuries in Ottawa-samples originating from Mikkeli in 1980 and thus increased also the fungal damage.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of different parsley cultivars to infestation by pathogenic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Second Year

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.

scholarly journals Fungus diseases of cultivated arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Ruokola
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Didymella Applanata

During 1975 and 1977—1979 studies were carried out on the fungus diseases of experimentally cultivated arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.). The most common pathogenic or weakly pathogenic fungi isolated from the diseased clones were Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten and Fusarium avenaceum (Cda ex Fr.) Sacc. Some other Fusarium species and Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. were rather uncommon. Didymella applanata (Niessl) Sacc. and plenty of pycnidia of Phoma spp. were established on nearly withered clones; among the isolates were P. exigua Desm. var. exigua Maas, Phoma spp. and Coniotbyrium fuckelii Sacc. (con. st. of Leptosphaeria coniotbyrium (Fuck.) Sacc.). Isolates of little significance were identified in the whole from 26 fungal genera.

scholarly journals Fungi causing dying out of heather seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Maria Kowalik ◽  
Agnieszka Wandzel
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium ◽  
Necrotic Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the fungi causing dying out of one-yearold heather seedlings. Observations were carried out on: 'Amethyst', 'Annemarie', 'Colette', 'Perestroika' and 'Reini'. The shoots revealing necrotic symptoms were plated on PDA medium. 25 species of fungi were isolated. Among them <i>Pestalotia sydowiana</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i>, <i>Leptosphaeria coniothyrium</i> and <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> were dominant, while <i>Mammaria echinobotryoides</i>, <i>Phoma leveillei</i>, <i>Kaissleriella subalpina</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> occurred less frequently.

Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New South ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc. Hosts: Rose (Rosa), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Rhodesia, South Africa, Uganda, ASIA, Brunei, China (Kiangsu), Hong-Kong, India (Madhya Pradesh) (Himachal Pradesh), Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia (Sabah), Nepal, Pakistan, USSR (Armenia) (Republic of Georgia) (Turkmenistan), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales), Br. Solomon Islands, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, EUROPE, Austria, Britain and Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USSR (Caucasus), (Latvia), (Lithuania), (Moscow), (Estonia), (Ukraine), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (General), USA (General), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Cuba, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Rio Grande do Sul), Brazil, Colombia.

Multiple-fracturing and viewing of the same frozen sample at different depths using a low temperature FESEM

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
M.V. Parthasarathy ◽  
C. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Multiple Fracture ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Transfer Device

The versatility of Low Temperature Field Emission SEM (LTFESEM) for viewing frozen-hydrated biological specimens, and the high resolutions that can be obtained with such instruments have been well documented. Studies done with LTFESEM have been usually limited to the viewing of small organisms, organs, cells, and organelles, or viewing such specimens after fracturing them.We use a Hitachi 4500 FESEM equipped with a recently developed BAL-TEC SCE 020 cryopreparation/transfer device for our LTFESEM studies. The SCE 020 is similar in design to the older SCU 020 except that instead of having a dedicated stage, the SCE 020 has a detachable cold stage that mounts on to the FESEM stage when needed. Since the SCE 020 has a precisely controlled lock manipulator for transferring the specimen table from the cryopreparation chamber to the cold stage in the FESEM, and also has a motor driven microtome for precise control of specimen fracture, we have explored the feasibility of using the LTFESEM for multiple-fracture studies of the same sample.

Phytochemical analysis of the stems from cultivar varieties of Rubus idaeus

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Krauze-Baranowska ◽  
M Majdan ◽  
D Glod
Keyword(s):  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis

Daylight in Underground Spaces

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Alexei K. Solovyov
Keyword(s):  
Light Guide ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Diameters

Underground spaces in town centres present a big attraction for investors. However, they put special requirements to the internal environment. Those requirements can be fulfilled by means of daylighting. Examples of lighting of underground spaces are discussed. It is shown that the common systems of natural lighting are not always possible to use and cause big heat losses. Hollow light guide pipes allow avoid the shortcomings of common daylight systems. Method of calculation of daylight factors from hollow light guide pipes is shown. The results of calculation of daylight factors under the light guide pipes of different diameters in the different depths are presented.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED MONITORING NETWORK FOR MEASURING SALINITY OF SEA WATER

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sima Ajdar qizi Askerova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Control ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Optimal Construction

Monitoring of sea water condition is one of major requirements for carrying out the reliable ecological control of water environment. Monitoring networks contain such elements as sea buoys, beacons, etc. and are designated for measuringvarious hydrophysical parameters, including salinity of sea water. Development of specialized network and a separate buoy system for measuring thesea water salinity at different depths makes it possible to determine major regularities of processes of pollution and self-recovery of the sea waters. The article describes the scientific and methodological basics for development of this specialized network and questions of its optimal construction. It is well-known that at a depth of 30-45 m of the Caspian Sea salinity decreases and then at a depth of 45-60 m salinity is fully recovered. The mentioned changes of salinity at the relatively upper layer of sea waters is of special interest for studying the effect of ocean-going processes on the climate forming in the Caspian area. In terms of informativeness of measurements of surface waters salinity, the most informative is a layer ata 30-60 m depth, where inversion and recovery of salinity take place. It is shown that in most informative subrange of measurements, i. e. at a depth of 30-60 m optimization of regime of measurements complex should be carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of held researches. It is shown that at a depth of 35-50 m choice of the optimum regime of measurements makes it possible to obtain the maximum amount of information.

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