scholarly journals Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
L. Paloheimo ◽  
K. A. Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Plant Materials

The authors present a new method for the determination of the complex of vegetable cell wall substances. The sample is extracted with boiling 80 % ethanol, boiling absolute ethanol and cold water. The residue corrected for ash, protein, and, if necessary, for starch, gives the amount of cell wall substances. Determinations were made of the same samples of which Salo in this department, using quite a different principle, has determined the cell wall complex. She determined separately cellulose, neutral sugar hemicellulose, uronic acid hemicellulose, and lignin. Adding up these items Salo obtained the total of the cell wall substances. The results obtained with the new method are in most cases in agreement with the results of Salo (Table 1). The 80 % ethanol seems to be a very efficient solvent. In most cases more than 35 % of the dry matter of the sample was dissolved by it, while only about 0.3 % was dissolved in the succeeding extraction with absolute ethanol (Table 2). 1—12 % was dissolved by water. The new method is compared also with the earlier method of Paloheimo in which the sample is boiled in 0.05 N hydrochloric acid. It appeared that the results obtained with the latter procedure are considerably lower than those obtained with the new method. Evidently most plant materials contain cell wall substances which are extractable with a very weak acid treatment.

scholarly journals Approximate determination of the cell-wall complex of vegetables by enzymatic digestion

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo ◽  
Kaija Kotilainen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Uniform Method ◽  
Approximate Determination ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Buffer Solutions

The paper describes the results of experiments in which 12 different vegetables were treated with pepsin, trypsin or trypsin + diastase in buffer solutions. The effects of certain variations in the methods on the final results are also discussed. The purpose of the study was to find out whether it would be possible to develop a simple procedure that would yield a residue roughly corresponding to the cell-wall complex in readily soluble plant materials such as vegetables. However, such great differences were found in the solubility of hemicellulose and protein among the different materials that good results cannot be achieved by a uniform method, at least not without many correction determinations.

scholarly journals Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbohydrate Hydrolysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hydrolysis Residue ◽  
Exchange Resins

An analysis system is described by means of which the carbohydrates of plant materials are successively dissolved, hydrolyzed, and determined as reducing sugars. The uronides are determined on a separate sample. In this manner 7 groups are obtained: 1) monosaccharides, 2) di-, and oligosaccharides. 3) fructosan, 4) starch. 5) hemicellulose, 6) cellulose, 7) uronides. The final hydrolysis residue from the carbohydrate hydrolysis is considered as lignin. Furthermore, crude fat, crude protein, ash, and in cold water soluble N-free non-carbohydrate organic matter are determined. The total of the results of the analyses appears to be approximately 100 %. In an alternative system used by the author, mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and fructosan are determined as a group. The results are compared with those obtained by fractionation. The sugar solutions have been purified and neutralised with ion-exchange resins using the bath-method. Duolite A-7 and Duolite C-3 have been found to be suitable for these purposes in experiments which were made with pure solutions of individual sugars. The purity of different fractions of carbohydrates has been checked by paper chromatography. Also the proportions of individual monosaccharides in a hemicellulose fraction for a more exact calculation of their value for hemicellulose were estimated by chromatography.

A new method for the determination of lolitrem B in plant materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Repussard ◽  
Didier Tardieu ◽  
Mélanie Alberich ◽  
Philippe Guerre
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lolitrem B

scholarly journals Determination of Chlorinity of Water without the Use of Chromate Indicator

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Kee Hong ◽  
Myung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Myung-Zoon Czae
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Equivalence Point ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Insoluble Salt

A new method for determining chlorinity of water was developed in order to improve the old method by alleviating the environmental problems associated with the toxic chromate. The method utilizes a mediator, a weak acid that can form an insoluble salt with the titrant. The mediator triggers a sudden change in pH at an equivalence point in a titration. Thus, the equivalence point can be determined either potentiometrically (using a pH meter) or simply with an acid-base indicator. Three nontoxic mediators (phosphate, EDTA, and sulfite) were tested, and optimal conditions for the sharpest pH changes were sought. A combination of phosphate (a mediator) and phenolphthalein (an indicator) was found to be the most successful. The choices of the initial pH and the concentration of the mediator are critical in this approach. The optimum concentration of the mediator isca.1~2 mM, and the optimum value of the initial pH isca.9 for phosphate/phenolphthalein system. The method was applied to a sample of sea water, and the results are compared with those from the conventional Mohr-Knudsen method. The new method yielded chlorinity of a sample of sea water of (17.58 ± 0.22) g/kg, which is about 2.5% higher than the value (17.12 ± 0.22) g/kg from the old method.

A new method for determination of insoluble cell walls and soluble nonstarchy polysaccharides from plant materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Brillouet ◽  
Xavier Rouau ◽  
Christine Hoebler ◽  
Jean Luc Barry ◽  
Bernard Carre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
New Method ◽  
Plant Materials

scholarly journals Neutral Sugar Analysis of Tobacco Cell Wall Fractions

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ryan Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Tobacco Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Alditol Acetates

AbstractA method for the determination of the neutral sugar content of tobacco cell wall fractions has been developed. The seven neutral sugars - rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose - determined in the analysis represent the usual glycosyl residues found in plant cell wall polysaccharides. In this procedure, the structural polysaccharides are acid hydrolysed into their constituent monosaccharides. The monosaccharides are then reduced with sodium borohydride to the corresponding alditols. The alditols are converted to the acetates with acetic anhydride. The alditol acetates are quantitatively measured by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Both 72 % H

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