scholarly journals Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbohydrate Hydrolysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hydrolysis Residue ◽  
Exchange Resins

An analysis system is described by means of which the carbohydrates of plant materials are successively dissolved, hydrolyzed, and determined as reducing sugars. The uronides are determined on a separate sample. In this manner 7 groups are obtained: 1) monosaccharides, 2) di-, and oligosaccharides. 3) fructosan, 4) starch. 5) hemicellulose, 6) cellulose, 7) uronides. The final hydrolysis residue from the carbohydrate hydrolysis is considered as lignin. Furthermore, crude fat, crude protein, ash, and in cold water soluble N-free non-carbohydrate organic matter are determined. The total of the results of the analyses appears to be approximately 100 %. In an alternative system used by the author, mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and fructosan are determined as a group. The results are compared with those obtained by fractionation. The sugar solutions have been purified and neutralised with ion-exchange resins using the bath-method. Duolite A-7 and Duolite C-3 have been found to be suitable for these purposes in experiments which were made with pure solutions of individual sugars. The purity of different fractions of carbohydrates has been checked by paper chromatography. Also the proportions of individual monosaccharides in a hemicellulose fraction for a more exact calculation of their value for hemicellulose were estimated by chromatography.

Determination of cis- and trans-aconitic acids in plant materials by chromatography on anion-exchange resins

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Thompson ◽  
Anna Maria E. Muenster ◽  
Timothy S. Artlip ◽  
James T. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Cis And Trans

scholarly journals Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
L. Paloheimo ◽  
K. A. Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Plant Materials

The authors present a new method for the determination of the complex of vegetable cell wall substances. The sample is extracted with boiling 80 % ethanol, boiling absolute ethanol and cold water. The residue corrected for ash, protein, and, if necessary, for starch, gives the amount of cell wall substances. Determinations were made of the same samples of which Salo in this department, using quite a different principle, has determined the cell wall complex. She determined separately cellulose, neutral sugar hemicellulose, uronic acid hemicellulose, and lignin. Adding up these items Salo obtained the total of the cell wall substances. The results obtained with the new method are in most cases in agreement with the results of Salo (Table 1). The 80 % ethanol seems to be a very efficient solvent. In most cases more than 35 % of the dry matter of the sample was dissolved by it, while only about 0.3 % was dissolved in the succeeding extraction with absolute ethanol (Table 2). 1—12 % was dissolved by water. The new method is compared also with the earlier method of Paloheimo in which the sample is boiled in 0.05 N hydrochloric acid. It appeared that the results obtained with the latter procedure are considerably lower than those obtained with the new method. Evidently most plant materials contain cell wall substances which are extractable with a very weak acid treatment.

Determination of Sugar in Plant Materials: Measurement of Unreduced Copper by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-750
Author(s):  
A L Potter ◽  
E D Ducay ◽  
R M Mccready
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Plant Materials

Abstract An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the quantitative analysis of reducing sugars by determining unreduced copper. Copper reduced in alkaline solution by sugar forms insoluble Cu2O. The Cu20 was centrifuged from the solution, and the unreduced copper in solution was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of sugar present in test solutions was determined from a working curve prepared from known amounts of sugar.

Effects Attributed to Maleic Hydrazide when used for Chemical Sucker Control on Bright Tobacco

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Seltmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) per se on bright tobacco was determined by comparing plants treated with MH to those without MH under conditions of good chemical sucker control. Sequential applications of each of five contact-type agents with MH one week later (Group I) were compared to dual applications of each of the same contact agents (Group II). In Group II suckers missed during applications were individually wetted to ensure excellent control. Sucker control was measured as 95 % for Group I and assumed to be 99 % for Group II. There were no agronomic differences between Groups I and II. In the visual warehouse appraisal, there was only a statistical difference for thin-bodied tobaccos between the two groups and a trend for slightly more heavy-bodied tobaccos in Group I. The chemical and physical analyses showed that filling value at 13 % moisture and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) measured at 60 % relative humidity were significantly lower in Group I than Group II. The result for EMC was questioned. Actual values for total alkaloids, total volatile bases minus nicotine, total ash, and alkalinity number of water-soluble ash were lower and reducing sugars were higher where MH was used. Except for EMC, the findings in this study reflected those established in studies where MH-treated and normally hand-suckered tobaccos were compared, but the differences here were generally not as great.

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Salbutamol by Coupling with Diazotized 4-Aminobenzoic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Hadi ◽  
Gufran Salim
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trace Determination ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Versus Concentration

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotmetric method for trace determination of salbutamol (SAL) in aqueous solution and in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the diazotization coupling reaction of the intended compound with 4-amino benzoic acid (ABA) in alkaline medium to form an intense orange, water soluble dye that is stable and shows maximum absorption at 410 nm. A graph of absorbance versus concentration indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.5-30 ppm, with a molar absorbtivity 3.76×104 L.mol-1 .cm-1 depending on the concentration of SAL. The optimum conditions and stability of the colored product have been investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of SAL in dosage forms.

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