Hydrocarbons

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrett M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Definitive Management

Hydrocarbons (HCs) are organic compounds that contain primarily hydrogen and carbon atoms. Although most HC exposures occur in occupational settings dealing with various solvents, they can be found in products in every household. Therefore, the risk of exposure in everyday life is high. This review discusses the toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, common clinical presentation, and management of HCs. The three major classes of HCs (aliphatic, aromatic, and halogenated) are closely examined. An in-depth look is taken at commonly encountered HCs with unique toxicologic characteristics. The principles of toxicity, immediate stabilization, diagnosis, definitive management, disposition, and outcomes of these specific HCs are defined. Tables describe HCs commonly found in the household, toxic metabolites and viscosities of common HCs, and target organs of the toxic effects of common alihepatic, halogenated, and aromatic HCs both early and late after exposure. Figures show the structure of the various HCs described in the review. This review contains 13 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 116 references.

A Case of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: Cognitive Therapy for Somatization Disorder and Metaworry

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Temple
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Somatization Disorder ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Chemical

“Multiple chemical sensitivities” has become an increasingly common clinical presentation to physicians, though it is infrequently seen by psychotherapists. This case report describes a 61-year-old woman who presents with a long history of chemical sensitivities, that led to a somatization disorder with debilitating agoraphobia, depression, and marital problems. Features of a variety of anxiety disorders are present, as are metacognitions that required an unusual case conceptualization. A cognitive therapy case conceptualization and treatment are described, which address the highly idiosyncratic clinical presentation of this patient.

scholarly journals Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products: The Devil in Disguise or a Considerable Risk Reduction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W Lachenmeier ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Devil

Background: Heat-not-burn (HNB) tobacco products are not burnt but instead are inserted into a tobacco-heating system, which heats the tobacco at temperatures below that required to initiate combustion. This mechanism potentially results in significantly reduced concentrations of heat-generated toxicants in the inhalable aerosol.Method: The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for quantitative risk assessment. The MOE is defined as the ratio between the toxicological threshold and the estimated human intake of the same compound. The higher the MOE, the lower the risk of a compound.Findings: The MOEs were increased by factors of 3 to 415 for the most toxic compounds in tobacco smoke, comparing use of HNB with smoking conventional tobacco products. The combined MOE for all compounds was increased 23-fold, excluding nicotine, or 10-fold including nicotine. Thus, the overall risk for cumulative toxic effects was markedly lower for HNB products.Conclusions: HNB tobacco reduced the risk of exposure to 9 out of the 20 most toxic compounds in tobacco beyond an MOE threshold of 10,000. While our results show that use of HNB products leads to a considerable risk reduction compared to conventional tobacco, the products cannot be considered completely “risk-free” due to risk of exposure to the remaining toxicants with MOE below the threshold.

scholarly journals Various Factors that Interfere with the Accurate Assessment of the Three-rods Test and Modified Three-rods Test to Resolve Monocular Cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuya Takeuchi ◽  
Nami Kawaguchi ◽  
Naofumi Uesaka ◽  
Yukiko Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Occupational Settings

Abstract Binocular stereopsis is a higher-order visual function and is thought to play an important role in spatial cognition in everyday life and many occupational settings. Various stereotests are used clinically to evaluate binocular stereopsis, and the three-rods test is used to assess stereopsis in various occupations in Japan. It is known that there are factors such as monocular cues in various stereotests that make it difficult to accurately evaluate the stereoscopic function, but the existence of such factors in the three-rods test has not been clarified. Here, we show that practice effect and monocular cues exist in the conventional three-rods test and that we devised a modified three-rods test to address the monocular cues. In the conventional three-rods test, performance improved when multiple tests were performed in a short time under binocular condition, and performance was significantly better in the monocular condition compared to the blind condition, indicating the existence of practice effect and monocular cues, respectively. The modified three-rod test with a wider central rod excluded the effect of monocular cues and maintained binocular cues on test performance. Their results suggest that the three-rod test with the simple modification can be a useful method for testing stereoscopic functions.

Essential oils and safety of their use

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Beata Girek ◽  
Małgorzata Deska ◽  
Tomasz Girek
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
A Priority

Currently, many herbal substances are used in everyday life products and in many industry such as food, cosmetics and others. Essential oils are mixtures of volatile organic compounds separated from plants or parts of them. They are characterized by an intense fragrance, but they have a diverse composition. Depending on the source, there are one or several dominant components. History acquisition of essential oils dates back to ancient times. Due to the unique fragrance qualities, the oils accompany humanity all the time. More perfect methods of analysis of the composition of essential oils used in cosmetics, food (spices) and aromatherapy, prompts us to consider the safety of their use. In addition to health-promoting substances, oils can also contain many organic compounds with an allergic or even toxic effect. Getting to know the essential oils composition and thorough acquaintance of consumers with possible risks of using essential oils is currently a priority for the producers of essential oils.

Trends and outcomes of ruptured ovarian cysts

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138833
Author(s):  
Wei How Lim ◽  
Nikki Woods ◽  
Vincent P Lamaro
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Vaginal Intercourse ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Health Institutions

BackgroundRuptured ovarian cysts are common gynaecological presentation to health institutions with abdominal pain. While this phenomenon is generally self-limiting, surgery may be necessary in cases of haemodynamic compromise or association with torsion. The aim of this audit is to identify the trend of hospital presentations, as well as the review the management of modern gynaecology practice.MethodsA retrospective audit of all women who presented to the emergency department with an imaging diagnosis of ruptured ovarian cysts was conducted over a 5-year period at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney.ResultsDuring the study period, 408 women were identified. There was a trend towards conservative management, as observed in 84.7% of women, while the remaining 15.4% underwent surgery. Haemorrhagic or ruptured corpus luteum was the most common diagnoses. As expected, women who had surgical intervention were more likely to have larger cysts (20 vs 50%; p<0.05), and larger free fluid findings on imaging (1.4 vs 23.8%; p<0.05) compared with those managed conservatively. There were no statistically significant differences in location of ovarian cysts (right or left) or antecedent to hospital presentation (vaginal intercourse or trauma).ConclusionRuptured ovarian cysts of both functional and non-functional types remained a common clinical presentation of acute pain for women to the emergency department. Majority of women were managed conservatively in our cohort, and indications for surgery were large ovarian cysts and large free fluid seen on imaging findings. Surgery was largely feasible with minimal complications.

scholarly journals The Common Clinical Presentation of Patients Selected for Septoplasty in Northern Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. Alotaibi ◽  
Bassam Ahmed Almutlaq ◽  
Fahad Nashmi Alshammari ◽  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

Background. Nasal septal deviation (NSD) plays a critical role in nasal obstruction symptoms, aesthetic look of the nose, increased nasal resistance, and occasionally snoring. Septoplasty is the most common method for correction of deviated nasal septum (DNS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the association between initial clinical presentations of patients selected for septoplasty and demographical characteristics in Northern Saudi Arabia.Methodology. Archives related to all patients selected for septoplasty between 2012 and 2017 were retrieved from ENT Department at King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Only adults over 18 years of age were included in this study.Results. With regard to the clinical presentations, almost all patients presented with variable degrees of nasal congestions, nasal blockages, breathing troubles, sleeping troubles, and exercise problems.Conclusion. Nasal obstruction is prevalent in Northern Saudi Arabia with peaks being in the years 2016 and 2014 with the most etiological factor being DNS.

scholarly journals Population-Based Surveillance for HypermucoviscosityKlebsiella pneumoniaeCausing Community-Acquired Bacteremia in Calgary, Alberta

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e61-e64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Peirano ◽  
Johann DD Pitout ◽  
Kevin B Laupland ◽  
Bonnie Meatherall ◽  
Daniel B Gregson
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation

The characteristics of hypermucoviscosity isolates amongKlebsiella pneumoniaecausing community-acquired bacteremia were investigated. The hypermucoviscous phenotype was present in 8.2% ofK pneumoniaeisolates, and was associated with rmpA and the K2 serotype; liver abscesses were the most common clinical presentation. The present analysis represents the first population-based surveillance study of hypermucoviscosity amongK pneumoniaecausing bacteremia.

scholarly journals SAT-LB65 A Rare Existence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiselle Aimee Yaplito Bedia ◽  
Maria Honolina S Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Biochemical Screening ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas

Abstract Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder of metabolism usually due to a parathyroid adenoma. Although, the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism has changed from Albright’s description of a disease of bones and stones, the central target organs affected by this disorder continue to be the skeleton and kidneys. With the advent of routine biochemical screening, the typical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is no longer accompanied by overt skeletal and renal involvement. Majority of the cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are due to parathyroid adenomas. Giant glands were defined as greater than the 95th percentile, characterized as glands weighing &gt; 3.5 grams. This present case in a 54-year old female is a rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to a giant parathyroid adenoma measuring 10.7 x 8.0 x 40.0 cm and weighing 145 grams, the largest giant parathyroid adenoma reported to date, with co-existent silent thymoma, multinodular goiter and osteosclerosis of the vertebral spine, metaphorically known as the “rugger-jersey spine”. The association between thymoma and parathyroid adenoma is rare, and only 3 cases have been reported in the literature. We characterized the correlation of preoperative imaging, intraoperative location, and postoperative course, including significant postoperative hypoparathyroidism, as compared to other patients with PHPT to determine whether giant adenomas represent a clinical entity with distinct clinical characteristics. Keywords: primary hyperparathyroidism, giant parathyroid adenoma, rugger-jersey spine, thymoma Abbreviation PHPT Primary hyperparathyroidism

scholarly journals Surgical repair of isolated triceps tendon rupture using a suture anchor technique: a case report

Joints ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Mancini ◽  
Gabriele Bernardi ◽  
Vincenzo De Luna ◽  
Cosimo Tudisco
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Suture Anchor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Suture Anchors ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Repair Technique ◽  
Triceps Tendon Rupture ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Triceps Tendon

Rupture or avulsion of the distal triceps tendon is one of the least common tendon injuries. The most common clinical presentation of the injury is avulsion from the olecranon. The diagnosis of acute triceps tendon rupture may be missed and this can result in prolonged disability.We report the case of a 42-year-old man with isolated triceps rupture treated by an open surgical repair technique involving the use of bone suture anchors.

scholarly journals Presentation, Prescription Pattern and Time Taken To Discharge From An Emergency Department Of Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
A K Yadav ◽  
R Bhandari ◽  
B Rai ◽  
S Giri ◽  
D D Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Emergency Units ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: It is a great challenge for a doctor to give proper care and discharge because of overcrowding in emergency units like ours. The clinical records in emergency are an essential document that reflects the quality of care which is given to the patient.Objectives: To find out the time taken for discharge from emergency and to find out the current trend of problems presenting to emergency and their prescription pattern.Methods: A retrospective descriptive hospital based study was carried out using all emergency discharged patients’ case sheet records from 14th April to 14th May 2013. A number of 1022 files were analyzed. Results: Out of 1022 discharge files, majority (72%) of the patients included Australian Triage Score (ATS) 3. Patients with ATS 5 had a mean duration of stay of 24 hours whereas ATS 2, 3, 4 patients had mean duration of stay of 10.10 hours, 8.75 hours and 5.48 hours respectively. Most common clinical presentation was trauma (31.3%). Out of 1022 patients, 504 (49%) were treated with antibiotics. Cefixime was the most frequently administered antibiotics (24.7%). Of all 506 patients received analgesic, mostly diclofenac (30.8%), 79 received antispasmodic drugs, mostly hyoscine butyl bromide (6.2%), and antipyretics mostly paracetamol. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were used in 594 (58.1%) patients mostly pantoprazole (47.2%). Conclusion: Sicker patients had longer duration of stay in the emergency unit. Trauma is the most common presentation, analysis, antibiotics and PPL are the most commonly prescribed which show in the emergency unit.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 209-214

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