Great Russian Animal Tales

PMLA ◽  
1891 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-102
Author(s):  
Adolph Gerber
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Form Part ◽  
In The Beginning

The Russians proper who constitute three fourths of the whole population of European Russia are divided into the Great Russians, the Little Russians and the White Russians, numbering about forty-five, twenty and five millions respectively. The Great Russians occupy the central provinces around Moscow and the greater part of the North and the East, the Little Russians extend from the river Don to Eastern Galicia, the White Russians live in the territory between Poland and the central provinces. Each of these three divisions of the Russian people possesses a rich treasure of folklore much of which has been published during the last thirty years. The animal tales have not been gathered separately, but form part of the various collections of folk tales, or Skazkas, among which that of Afanasiev is by far the largest and most important. It comprises eight volumes, draws its material from all sections of the country, and presents the principal animal tales in the three dialects, in the edition of 1860-63 running through several volumes, in that of 1873 united in the beginning of the first. The work of Afanasiev has been supplemented by others. To mention only the leading collections, Romanov has edited White-Russian folk tales; Rudĉenko, Ĉubinskij and Dragomanov Little-Russian; Chudjakov, Cudinskij and Sadovnikov Great-Russian. To the public and the students of foreign countries, the Russian tales have been introduced by the collections of Ralston, Leger, Dietrich, Vogl and others; through the notes on tales of other countries; through numerous publications and discussions in magazines and periodicals, and by de Gubernatis ‘Zoological Mythology.’ As the collections contain but a few animal tales, and as the stray publications are only accessible to specialists, de Gubernatis’ work, which has been published in English, Italian, French and German, is comparatively the most useful. Unfortunately, however, the Italian scholar does not give his summaries of Great-Russian animal tales connectedly and for their own sake, but interspersed with tales from other peoples and in support of a theory which resolves them into myths of the sun, the moon or the atmosphere.

The Making of the Moon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chambers ◽  
Jacqueline Mitton
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Public ◽  
China And India ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Lunar Prospector ◽  
Large Satellite ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter considers how the very existence of the Moon, the only large satellite in the inner solar system, is a puzzle. The Moon is sufficiently large that one would think of it as a planet if it traveled around the Sun rather than Earth. Much of what the public now knows about the Moon comes from space missions, beginning in the 1960s and early 1970s. Six American Apollo missions each landed two astronauts on the surface. Three of the Soviet Union's unmanned Luna spacecraft touched down on the surface and then returned to Earth. After a long gap, lunar exploration resumed in the 1990s, when NASA's Clementine and Lunar Prospector spacecraft went into orbit. Recently, the pace of exploration has increased again, with the European Space Agency, Japan, China, and India, as well as NASA, all sending missions to the Moon.

scholarly journals Archaeoastronomical Aspects of the Archaeological Monuments of Siberia

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Leonid Marsadolov
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Night Sky

The necessity of astronomical observations for nomadic peoples of Eurasia was based on the sacral meaning of time. The celestial bodies, the Sun and the Moon were parts of cult of the Sky. During annual migrations, in particular those where there were no reliable landmarks, nomads navigated with the North Star and the main constellations of the night sky. Remains left by these nomads, including rock pictures, barrows and observation posts are the legacy of a complex, organised system reflecting the relations of ancient people with the cosmos.

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: Public Health Concerns

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Rivers ◽  
Beatrice Wang ◽  
Danielle Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

The North American public maintains an attitude that equates the acquisition of a suntan with health. However, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to sunburn, premature skin aging, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. Misconceptions about the risks of tanning beds and the effectiveness of sunscreens are common. The public must be better informed about the importance of and the need for effective sun protection by means of clothing and hats, the proper use of sunscreen, and the avoidance of prolonged sun exposure during the time of maximal solar insolation.

Earth's journey

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4197-4203
Author(s):  
Leonard Van Zanten
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Period ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Period ◽  
Single Orbit ◽  
Full Turn ◽  
Fixed Axis ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Current Science

In the beginning the earth was flat and no one was to prove that it was round, but with the advent in science this is now quite obvious.  But no less obvious will be the fact that the earth has its seasons due to a rotation of precession rather than the fixed immovable position that current science has given it.  And that in a manner of speaking the earth, like unto the moon orbiting the earth, also appears to have a single period of rotation for each orbital period that it makes around the sun.The earth thus for each single orbit around the sun makes one full turn of precession which gives it its seasons.  That turn of precession then comes short of that one full turn of orbit by about 20 minutes.  And it is by those 20 minutes each year that the earth appears to have a precession lasting 26.000 years; the axis of the earth pointing to the star called Polaris and by one half thereof (13.000 years) graduating towards the star called Vega.It however is not a precession, but rather a "regression," even as the seasons do not come about by a fixed axis but rather by a precessional axis.   

scholarly journals The alleged Kingship of the Olympic Victor

1918 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
E. Norman Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
The North ◽  
Form Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continuous Work

Anthropology has been busy with the Olympic Games. The theories which I propose to discuss have now been before the public for some years and, though they have not met with any general acceptance, there has not been, as far as I know, any critical examination of the evidence on which they are based, and there is a danger that they may be taken on trust. This is the reason for the publication of the following pages. They were intended to form part of a work on Olympia on which I have long been engaged, the issue of which has been delayed by present circumstances. Forming as they do part of a continuous work, I may be allowed to state briefly certain conclusions which I hope to establish later, some of which, are assumed in the present article, though my argument is, in reality, independent of their correctness.I. The history of Olympia and the North-west Peloponnese, as far as we can trace it, has always depended on the north and west and has been independent of the Aegean. Though the earliest inhabitants may possibly have been of the same stock as the Aegeans, they were always out of touch with the centre of that civilization and the land was, at a very early period, occupied by northern immigrants.

scholarly journals The emergence of the idea of a spherical sun in Greek science and philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
Dmitri Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Good Account ◽  
Circular Outline

According to a standard idea of Greek science and philosophy, the shape of the sun is spherical. Such an idea appears already in Aristotle who offers, however, no good account for it, and only Stobaeus cites an authority, or rather collective authority, the Pythagoreans, for an early recognition of the idea in question. The ancient tradition left no direct evidence of how the sphericity of the sun was recognized, and the issue attracted very little attention in modern scholarship. I propose that in the late sixth century new empirical knowledge about the sun reached the Aegean and Italy. Some people who crossed the northern tropic repeatedly observed the sun from its ‘other’ side, for in the height of the summer an observer located south of the northern tropic saw the midday sun in the north. This made impossible Anaximander’s idea of the sun as a body containing fire and having one aperture and triggered a search for a better version. Since the sun invariably displayed a circular outline at any time, at any place and on all sides of the horizon, one had to consider the possibility that its shape was either spherical or ‘bowl-like’. The study of lunar light that led to the discovery of the sphericity of the moon was also helpful. The doctrine of a spherical sun was firmly established by the consensus of professional astronomers rather than due to an initiative by an outstanding thinker; however, one may think that Parmenides contributed to it. A spherical sun cannot be a sphere of fire – without a container, fire would have dispersed. This problem brought about a number of theories that treated the sun as a kind of mirror, etc. Further, a spherical sun that issues a reflected light was recognized to have been a solid and hence a heavy body, which contributed to approaching the spheres of the Sun, Moon and Earth in a similar way and making the Earth a planet.

scholarly journals XLVIII. Concise rules for computing the effects of refraction and parallax in varying the apparent distance of the Moon from the Sun or a star; also an easy rule of approximation for computing the distance of the Moon from a star, the longitudes and latitudes of both being given, with demonstrations of the same

1764 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Apparent Distance ◽  
Spherical Triangle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Public ◽  
St Helena

The following rules, excepting one, are the same which I have already communicated to the Royal Society, but without demonstration, in a letter to the reverend Dr. Birch from St. Helena, containing the results of my observations of the distance of the Moon from the Sun and fixed stars, taken in my voyage thither, for finding the longitude of the ship from time to time; since printed in Part II. Vol. LII. of the Philosophical Transactions for 1762. The two rules for the correction or refraction and parallax I have also since communicated to the public in my British Mariner's Guide to the discovery of longitude from like observations of the Moon; and have added in the Preface a rule for computing a second but smaller correction of parallax, necessary on account of a small imperfection lying in the first rule derived from the fluxions of a spherical triangle. To the rules I have here subjoined their demonstrations.

scholarly journals V. A letter from the Reverend Mr. W. Derham, F. R. S. to Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr. giving an account of some inundations; monstrous births, appearances in the heavens, and other observables he received from Ireland. With his observations on the eclipse of the Sun, Sept. 3. and of the Moon, Sept. 18, 1708

1708 ◽  
Vol 26 (320) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lough Neagh ◽  
The North ◽  
Good Will

Sir, I Received some time since a Letter from Maghrafelt in the North of Ireland , from a very Intelligent Person there, and great Well-wisher to our Royal Society , one Mr. Neve ; who out of own good Will had collected some of the Lough-Neagh Petrifications, Pieces of the Giants-Causway , and other Curiosities, and sent them, he tells me, as far as Bristol: But hearing the Society had of them already in their Repository, he took no further care of them.

Modelling Lunar Extremes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher ◽  
Lionel Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon

Claims first made over half a century ago that certain prehistoric monuments utilised high-precision alignments on the horizon risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon have recently resurfaced. While archaeoastronomy early on retreated from these claims, as a way to preserve the discipline in an academic boundary dispute, it did so without a rigorous examination of Thom’s concept of a “lunar standstill”. Gough’s uncritical resurrection of Thom’s usage of the term provides a long-overdue opportunity for the discipline to correct this slippage. Gough (2013), in keeping with Thom (1971), claims that certain standing stones and short stone rows point to distant horizon features which allow high-precision alignments on the risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon dating from about 1700 BC. To assist archaeoastronomy in breaking out of its interpretive rut and from “going round in circles” (Ruggles 2011), this paper evaluates the validity of this claim. Through computer modelling, the celestial mechanics of horizon alignments are here explored in their landscape context with a view to testing the very possibility of high-precision alignments to the lunar extremes. It is found that, due to the motion of the Moon on the horizon, only low-precision alignments are feasible, which would seem to indicate that the properties of lunar standstills could not have included high-precision markers for prehistoric megalith builders.

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