scholarly journals Geneza moralności w świetle etyki ewolucyjnej

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020(41) (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Butowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Biological Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Ethics

The article draws out the issue of morality genesis in the point of view of chosen representatives of evolutionary ethics, understood as a biological theory of morality. Under this theory, morality is the result of cooperation of biologicial evoltion and cultural evolution.

scholarly journals Social-cultural aspect of the development of ideal in the Russian theatre

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Geroeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal ◽  
Russian Theater

The article explores the formation and development of the problem of aesthetic ideal in Russian theatrical art, analyzes the socio-cultural evolution and historical periodization of Russian theater, its distinctive features in the context of the development of society. The main areas that form the activities of theatrical currents and schools, their philosophical and social importance and influence on historical formations and consciousness of society are defined, the criteria for expressing the aesthetic ideal in the art of theatre from the point of view of educational and educational potential are investigated.

Cultural Evolution, Memes, and Proper Names

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-103
Author(s):  
Sonia Vaupot
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Proper Name

Based on the theory of cultural evolution and memetics, this paper examines the procedures of translation of proper names as memes. Firstly, it proposes an overview of contemporary theories of cultural translation, including the theory of cultural evolution. Secondly, on the basis of the above-mentioned theoretical framework of cultural evolution and the use of the proper name, the central aim of this paper is to analyze the role of memes in translation. Lastly, after presenting and categorizing the proper names as realia words and memes, this paper will verify the (un)translatability of proper names from a multilingual point of view (French, English and Slovene) and illustrate the use of some translation procedures for the rendition of proper names as cultural memes.

scholarly journals BESTIARIES: A NEOBARBARIC ENCYCLOPE DIA OF STRATEGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
G. Dalla Bontà ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Creative Career

In the context of Dmitry Alexandrovich Prigov’s audacious “lifelong” project, an encyclopedic perspective can be traced quite clearly through various approaches, languages and methodologies throughout the artist’s creative career. Prigov’s Bestiaries not only deviate from the traditional path of encyclopedic genealogy; they are the prototype of later, more pronounced taxonomic projects, and even act as a reference to what he called his “lifelong project”. Our task is to show how the Bestiaries series is not only a study of the Russian cultural space, but is also the very concept of Prigov’s anthropology from the beginning of the history of culture to the present day in a post-Soviet and even post-human perspective, thus asserting itself as a proto-encyclopedia of his New Anthropology. In the process of researching, methods such as theoretical, general philosophical analyses (systemic method, analysis, analogy, synthesis) were used, including the analysis of texts, interviews and artistic production of Prigov. The sociological methods are also taken as the basis for drawing conclusions and the main approach moves from a semiotic and poststructuralist point of view, especially the theory of culture of Yuri Lotman, the philosophy of Giorgio Agamben and George Bataille. Thus, we have outlined the importance of the Bestaries in presenting the theory of cultural evolution of Dmitry Prigov and his “new anthropology”, referring to this series on the role of the visual conclusion of his new anthropological system

HUMANKIND AND DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
W. H. McNeill ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Forms Of Life

It is not absurd to class the ecological role of humankind in its relationship to other life forms as a disease. Ever since language allowed human cultural evolution to impinge upon age-old processes of biological evolution, humankind has been in a position to upset older balances of nature in quite the same fashion that disease upsets the natural balance within a host's body. Time and again, a temporary approach to stabilization of new relationships ocurred as natural limits to the ravages of humankind upon other life forms manifested themselves. Yet sooner or later, and always within a span of time that remained minuscule in comparison with the standards of biological evolution, humanity discovered new techniques allowing fresh exploitation of hitherto inaccessible resources, thereby renewing or intensifying damage to other forms of life. Looked at from the point of view of other organisms, humankind therefore resembles an acute epidemic disease, whose occasional lapses into less virulent forms of behavior have never yet sufficed to permit any really stable, chronic relationship to establish itself.

"Unser Newyorker Mitarbeiter": Lewis Mumford, Walter Curt Behrendt, and the Modern Movement in Germany

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. David Samson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Era ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
International Style ◽  
Publicity Campaign ◽  
American Architecture ◽  
Lewis Mumford ◽  
Modern Movement

Lewis Mumford's advocacy of European Modernism in architecture was the result of his relationship with Walter Curt Behrendt, the editor of the German Werkbund's journal Die Form from 1925 to 1927. Before they met in 1925 Mumford and Behrendt each worked to encourage a new vernacular style, which would use rural values and regional planning to remake the industrial city. The two united in their critique of the unrestricted urban development and industrial standardization which dominated American culture in the 1920s, and which in Germany was mythologized as Amerikanismus. In 1925 Behrendt recruited Mumford to write on American architecture for Die Form from an anti-Amerikanismus point of view. Yet when Behrendt expressed a new optimism about the machine's role in architecture, in his book Der Sieg des neuen Baustils (1927), Mumford began to emphasize functionalist, standardized forms as the key to organic design. The Werkbund's "New Era" publicity campaign of 1928-1932 convinced Mumford that the Modern Movement combined a naturally evolving vernacular style with artistic vanguardism, both in the service of cultural evolution. On this basis he supported both functionalist housing and Philip Johnson's "International Style" aestheticism after 1930.

scholarly journals Evolutionary explanations for religion: An interdisciplinary critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Lindenfors ◽  
Jonas Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Some form of religion exists in every documented society on earth. However, ‘religion’ is a multifaceted phenomenon commonly including aspects, such as rituals, myths, rules and regulations concerning ethical behaviour, social practices and some form of belief in the supernatural (e.g. gods, spirits or souls). Due to its pervasiveness, many researchers of biological and cultural evolution have suggested that religion needs a universal evolutionary explanation. However, most proposed explanations have either treated religion as a single all-encompassing entity or only focused on a single or a few aspects of religion. We propose, instead, to carry out an extensive review of such suggested evolutionary explanations with the express aim of pairing up proposed explanations with religious components in order to form a more comprehensive depiction of causation and how religion and human cognition both have evolved, each influenced by the other. We also propose to summarise predictions and hypotheses that spring from each explanation, with the express aim of stating how each may be evaluated and tested. Crucially, different aspects of religion may have different explanations and different explanations may apply to several aspects of religion. Proposed explanations will be summarised in a series of thematically oriented scientific articles, as well as in a summary monograph. Our dual competencies, in evolutionary theory and religious studies, provide us with a unique opportunity to evaluate these issues from both a natural and a humanistic point of view.

scholarly journals Dual-process theories, cognitive decoupling and the outcome-to-intent shift: A developmental perspective on evolutionary ethics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Ingram ◽  
Camilo Orlando Moreno Romero
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Ethics ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Dual Process Theories

A central tenet of evolutionary ethics is that as a result of evolutionary processes, humans tend to respond in certain ways to particular moral problems. Various authors (particularly those associated with “dual-process” theories of reasoning) have posited conflicts between “fast”, automatic, evolved impulses and more controlled judgements that may be more flexible and respond to culturally determined. In this chapter we argue that the evolutionary sources of automatic moral judgements are quite diverse, and include some intuitive processes (specifically, reading other people’s intentions) that are quite sophisticated from a social-cognitive point of view. We further argue that processes of controlled, reflective moral reasoning represent the activity of higher-level process that arbitrate between conflicting inputs from diverse automatic heuristics, in response to normative concerns. The integration and subjugation of automatic responses to more reflective ones is a developmental process that develops at varying rates in different people and in different cultural contexts. To make this argument, we first consider how approaches that represent cognition in terms of two types of processes – including but not limited to the automatic/reflective distinction – can be rendered more sophisticated by a consideration of evolutionary developmental psychology. We then apply this more developmentally aware approach to an extended example of the phenomenon in children’s moral development known as the outcome/intent shift. We finish by outlining a model that shows how automatic and controlled processes may be integrated in children’s social learning in culturally variable ways.

THE EVOLUTION OF RELIGIONS

Numen ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Wunn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Adaptive Modification ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Evolution

AbstractThe article contributes to a theoretical framework for a theory that describes and explains the distribution and development of the various religions from a genetical and historical point of view. While religious evolution until now has been understood as a process of progress, the theory outlined in this paper focuses on the biological Theory of Evolution in order to direct the attention to the main characteristics of natural evolutionary processes. By drawing parallels between biological and religious evolution the evolution of religions is described as the adaptive modification of religions throughout history. After discussing the question of a natural systematic unit in the world of religions, the different means of evolutionary processes are investigated. As a result, a theory is presented that understands the development of religions in a way which explains their recent phenotype as well as their modifications during history.

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