Architectural Representation in Victorian England

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Representational Content ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
Do So ◽  
Representational Form

Victorian architectural theorists believed that buildings were capable of conveying meanings in a direct and precise way, rather like books, paintings, or even orators. These meanings were understood to refer to things outside the building: architecture was thus conceived to be a representational form of art. This essay explores some of the consequences of this view. What subjects did Victorian buildings represent, and how did they do so? What criteria determined a building's adequacy as a representation? How, finally, did the demand for representational content shape the central Victorian concept of architectural truth?

scholarly journals Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield: New Critical Reconsiderations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ali Albashir Mohammed Alhaj
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
David Copperfield ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Do So

<p>The current study aims at reconsidering critically Charles Dickens’s <em>David Copperfield</em>. Charles Dickens is perhaps the greatest—if not the most perfect—of Victorian story-teller whose works have become synonymous with Victorian England. Many of his novels came out in monthly installments and were awaited by his readers eagerly. His popularity lay in his ability to write gripping, sentimental stories filled with memorable characters. On a more serious level, his novels are a detailed account of both the good and bad sides of Victorian life. In the semi-autobiographical <em>David Copperfield</em>, the author paints a graphic picture of the living condition of the urban poor. He also denounces the exploitation of children by adults and the cruel competitive nature of Victorian society.</p><p>To conclude, characters such as Micawber (a portrait based on Dickens’s own father) has passed into folk lore and become household names, used by people who have never read a Dickens novel in their lives. Also, the writer uses too much black paint. However, he wanted to raise kindness and goodness in men’s hearts, and he used tears and laughter to reach his aims. He probably brought a little improvement in some condition, but very often, he failed to do so.</p>

What Samuel Butler saw: Classics, authorship and Cultural Authority in late Victorian England

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 66-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Whitmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Authority ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Samuel Butler ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Do So

They are taught what is called the hypothetical language for many of their best years – a language which was originally composed at a time when the country was in a very different state of civilisation to what it is at present, a state which has long since disappeared and been superseded. Many valuable maxims and noble thoughts which were at one time concealed in it have become current in their modern literature, and have been translated over and over again into the language now spoken. Surely then it would seem that the study of the original language should be confined to the few whose instincts led them naturally to pursue it.But the Erewhonians think differently; the store they set by this hypothetical language can hardly be believed; they will even give any one a maintenance for life if he attains a considerable proficiency in the study of it; nay, they will spend years in learning to translate some of their own good poetry into the hypothetical language – to do so with fluency being the mark of a scholar and a gentleman. Heaven forbid that I should be flippant, but it appeared to me to be a wanton waste of good human energy that men should spend years and years in the perfection of so barren an exercise, when their own civilisation presented problems by the hundred which cried aloud for solution and would have paid the solver handsomely; but people know their own affairs best.

Literary networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Victorian England ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
French And English ◽  
Literary Networks ◽  
Do So

French novels were promoted and disseminated in Victorian England not only through libraries, booksellers, and periodicals, but also through individual members of cosmopolitan networks. Parisian salons formed one way in which French and English men of letters came into contact, but three further types of networks played important roles in strengthening ties across the Channel. Fashionable society (and in particular the circle led by Lady Blessington and the comte d’Orsay), circles that developed through political affiliations (such as the radical and feminist group that launched a project to translate George Sand’s works), and the world of professional men of letters who reviewed French novels and often socialized with their creators, also expanded the market for foreign literature, or at least tried to do so.

scholarly journals Awful noises: evaluativism and the affective phenomenology of unpleasant auditory experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Error Theory ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Painful Experience ◽  
Suitable Explanation ◽  
Do So

Abstract According to the evaluativist theory of bodily pain, the overall phenomenology of a painful experience is explained by attributing to it two types of representational content—an indicative content that represents bodily damage or disturbance, and an evaluative content that represents that condition as bad for the subject. This paper considers whether evaluativism can offer a suitable explanation of aversive auditory phenomenology—the experience of awful noises—and argues that it can only do so by conceding that auditory evaluative content would be guilty of widespread error. Defending such an error-theory, moreover, comes with several explanatory costs.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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