scholarly journals Predators Use Volatiles to Avoid Prey Patches with Conspecifics

10.2307/6024 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Janssen ◽  
Jan Bruin ◽  
Gerrit Jacobs ◽  
Ruud Schraag ◽  
Maurice W. Sabelis
Keyword(s):  
Prey Patches

scholarly journals Multiple-stage decisions in a marine central-place forager

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 160043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari S. Friedlaender ◽  
David W. Johnston ◽  
Reny B. Tyson ◽  
Amanda Kaltenberg ◽  
Jeremy A. Goldbogen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Central Place Forager ◽  
Prey Patches

Air-breathing marine animals face a complex set of physical challenges associated with diving that affect the decisions of how to optimize feeding. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) have evolved bulk-filter feeding mechanisms to efficiently feed on dense prey patches. Baleen whales are central place foragers where oxygen at the surface represents the central place and depth acts as the distance to prey. Although hypothesized that baleen whales will target the densest prey patches anywhere in the water column, how depth and density interact to influence foraging behaviour is poorly understood. We used multi-sensor archival tags and active acoustics to quantify Antarctic humpback whale foraging behaviour relative to prey. Our analyses reveal multi-stage foraging decisions driven by both krill depth and density. During daylight hours when whales did not feed, krill were found in deep high-density patches. As krill migrated vertically into larger and less dense patches near the surface, whales began to forage. During foraging bouts, we found that feeding rates (number of feeding lunges per hour) were greatest when prey was shallowest, and feeding rates decreased with increasing dive depth. This strategy is consistent with previous models of how air-breathing diving animals optimize foraging efficiency. Thus, humpback whales forage mainly when prey is more broadly distributed and shallower, presumably to minimize diving and searching costs and to increase feeding rates overall and thus foraging efficiency. Using direct measurements of feeding behaviour from animal-borne tags and prey availability from echosounders, our study demonstrates a multi-stage foraging process in a central place forager that we suggest acts to optimize overall efficiency by maximizing net energy gain over time. These data reveal a previously unrecognized level of complexity in predator–prey interactions and underscores the need to simultaneously measure prey distribution in marine central place forager studies.

The effect of chrysanthemum leaf trichome density and prey spatial distribution on predation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) by Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Stavrinides ◽  
D.J. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Leaf Hairiness ◽  
Leaf Trichome ◽  
Prey Patches

AbstractThe effect of plant architecture, in terms of leaf hairiness, and prey spatial arrangement, on predation rate of eggs of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, by the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was examined on cut stems of chrysanthemums. Three levels of leaf hairiness (trichome density) were obtained using two different chrysanthemum cultivars and two ages within one of the cultivars. The number of prey consumed by P. persimilis was inversely related to trichome density. At low prey densities (less than ten eggs per stem), prey consumption did not differ in a biologically meaningful way between treatments. The effect of prey spatial arrangement on the predation rate of P. persimilis was also examined. Predation rates were higher in prey patches on leaves adjacent to the release point of P. persimilis, but significantly greater numbers of prey were consumed in higher density prey patches compared to low density patches. The predators exhibited non-random searching behaviour, spending more time on leaves closest to the release point. The implications of these findings for biological control and predator–prey dynamics are discussed.

Modelling the dynamic spatio-temporal response of predators to transient prey patches in the field

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linton Winder ◽  
Colin J. Alexander ◽  
John M. Holland ◽  
Chris Woolley ◽  
Joe N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Response ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Prey Patches

scholarly journals How does hunger affect convergence on prey patches in a social forager?

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Riddell ◽  
Mike M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Prey Patches

scholarly journals SEARCH STRATEGIES OF A PURSUIT-DIVING MARINE BIRD AND THE PERSISTENCE OF PREY PATCHES

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail K. Davoren ◽  
William A. Montevecchi ◽  
John T. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategies ◽  
Marine Bird ◽  
Prey Patches

scholarly journals Whale sharks target dense prey patches of sergestid shrimp off Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Rohner ◽  
Amelia J. Armstrong ◽  
Simon J. Pierce ◽  
Clare E. M. Prebble ◽  
E. Fernando Cagua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Prey Patches
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