Breeding Performance in the Western Gull: Effects of Parental Age, Timing of Breeding and Year in Relation to Food Availability

10.2307/5450 ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Sydeman ◽  
Jay F. Penniman ◽  
Teresa M. Penniman ◽  
Peter Pyle ◽  
David G. Ainley
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Western Gull

scholarly journals Does timing of breeding matter less where the grass is greener? Seasonal declines in breeding performance differ between regions in an endangered endemic raptor

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Sophie Garcia-Heras ◽  
Beatriz Arroyo ◽  
François Mougeot ◽  
Arjun Amar ◽  
Robert E. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Breeding Performance

scholarly journals Growth of Nestling Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia) in Relation toParental Experience and Hatching Date

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Parental Experience

Abstract In many avian species, reproductive success increases with parental age and experience, and declines seasonally. However, it is difficult to evaluate how parental attributes affect reproduction independently of date effects, because young, inexperienced pairs generally lay later than older, experienced pairs. We examined how parental experience and timing affected nestling growth in the Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia), an Arctic seabird that lays a single-egg clutch, by taking advantage of a natural contrast made possible by marked within-group synchrony. That is a common feature at murre colonies, and enabled us to monitor the breeding performance of experienced pairs over an extended period that overlapped with breeding by inexperienced pairs late in the season. Whereas growth of offspring raised by experienced parents was unaffected by their hatching date, offspring raised by inexperienced parents grew more slowly than those raised concurrently by experienced parents. Therefore, parental experience influenced nestling growth rates whereas timing did not, a result that accords with previous studies on this species. Absence of direct effects of timing of egg-laying on breeding success of Thick-billed Murres stands in sharp contrast to many other avian species, and seems surprising for an Arctic-nesting species often assumed to be strictly time-constrained in its breeding.

scholarly journals Breeding Success in the Western Gull × Glaucous-Winged Gull Complex: The Influence of Habitat and Nest-Site Characteristics

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Good
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Larus Occidentalis ◽  
Western Gull ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Predator Exclusion ◽  
Para Determinar

AbstractThe nesting ecology of breeding pairs of the Western Gull × Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus occidentalis × glaucescens) hybrid complex was investigated at two locations in coastal Washington. In Grays Harbor, breeding performance (clutch size, hatching and fledging success) was highest in vegetated habitat where nests were most dense and where natural screens blocked the nearest neighbor. Egg loss, presumably from gull predators, was common except in areas of dense vegetation. At Tatoosh Island, egg loss was rare, and breeding performance was similar in vegetated and rock habitats. To test if physical structure around open-area nests influenced egg loss in Grays Harbor, predator-exclusion fences were erected around nests on a sandbar island lacking vegetation. Excluding predators reduced egg loss and increased hatching success relative to nests with adjacent natural screens (driftwood logs >30 cm tall) or nests lacking natural screens. Pairs that nest in habitats with adequate habitat structure appear to benefit in terms of lower egg loss and higher nesting success, especially in Grays Harbor. Increasing structure around individual nests may increase breeding success of gulls or other seabirds that experience extensive nest predation.Éxito Reproductivo en el Complejo Larus occidentalis × glaucescens: Influencia del Hábitat y las Características del Sitio de AnidaciónResumen. La ecología de anidación de parejas reproductivas del complejo híbrido Larus occidentalis × glaucescens fue investigada en dos localidades en la costa de Washington. En Grays Harbor, el desempeño reproductivo (en términos del tamaño de la nidada y el éxito de eclosión y emplumamiento) fue máximo en ambientes con vegetación donde los nidos estaban a mayor densidad y donde el vecino más cercano estaba separado por barreras naturales. La pérdida de huevos (presumiblemente ante gaviotas depredadoras) fue común excepto en áreas con vegetación densa. En la isla Tatoosh, la pérdida de huevos fue poco frecuente y el desempeño reproductivo fue similar en ambientes con vegetación y ambientes rocosos. Para determinar si la estructura física alrededor de los nidos en áreas abiertas influenciaba la pérdida de huevos en Grays Harbor, se construyeron cercas para excluir a los depredadores alrededor de nidos en una isla arenosa carente de vegetación. La exclusión de depredadores redujo la pérdida de huevos e incrementó el éxito de eclosión con relación a nidos con barreras naturales adyacentes (troncos de >30 cm de alto) y a nidos sin barreras naturales. Las parejas que anidan en ambientes con estructura de hábitat adecuada parecen beneficiarse en términos de una menor pérdida de huevos y un mayor éxito de anidación, especialmente en Grays Harbor. Incrementar la estructura alrededor de nidos individuales podría aumentar el éxito reproductivo de gaviotas u otras aves marinas sujetas a altos niveles de depredación de nidos.

Effect of altitudinal migration within a watershed on the reproductive success of American dippers

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy A Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Cinclus Mexicanus ◽  
Altitudinal Migration ◽  
Main River ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
American Dipper ◽  
Migratory Status ◽  
Second Clutch

Distinct changes occur in the distribution of American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus Swainson, 1827) populations during the breeding season. Small numbers of American dippers remain resident on the wintering site, while the majority of birds make short altitudinal movements upstream. Therefore, American dippers breed over large elevation gradients within a watershed, using both the main river and its associated tributaries. I hypothesized that altitudinal migration of American dippers would affect their timing of breeding and ultimately their productivity. Additionally, since the main river and its tributaries differ in habitat, elevation, and nesting substrates, I hypothesized that these variables would also influence American dipper breeding performance. In the Chilliwack watershed of British Columbia, Canada, I followed 99 pairs of American dippers: 23 in 1999, 40 in 2000, and 36 in 2001, of which approximately 65% were residents and 35% were migrants. Resident pairs on the lower elevation river initiated nests earlier and a greater proportion had second broods, contributing to slightly higher nest success and annual productivity compared with migrants on tributaries. Reduced productivity was primarily associated with later onset of breeding, which increased the likelihood that nests were lost to predation or flooding and reduced the probability of initiating a second clutch. Timing of breeding was affected by migratory status and year, but elevation and habitat did not directly influence breeding performance.

Effects of parental age and food availability on the reproductive success of Heermann's Gulls in the Gulf of California

Ecology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Vieyra ◽  
Enriqueta Velarde ◽  
Exequiel Ezcurra
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Parental Age

scholarly journals Differential cell stress responses to food availability by the nestlings of Asian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Lidan Zhao ◽  
Xinjie Zhang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Shuping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Gene Expression Level ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Cell Stress Response ◽  
Sample Time ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Background Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability. There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak, which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring. Methods Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators, we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis) nestlings hatched under conditions of low, mid or high food (grasshopper nymph) availability in 2017. Results Nymph biomass, sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00. At either 5:00 or 14:00, the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass. Conclusions These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland. Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document