Gustave Flaubert and Charles Baudelaire—Their Correspondence

PMLA ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 630-644
Author(s):  
L. Gardner Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Latin Poetry ◽  
Alexandre Dumas ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
French Romanticism

Charles Baudelaire was born April 9, 1821; Gustave Flaubert, December 12 in the same year. Their families belong to a cultivated and wealthy bourgeois class which offers to them all the advantages of such a milieu. They grow up during the time that French Romanticism attains the quintessence of its literary expression; their intelligence is stimulated by their reading of Victor Hugo's dramas, those of Alexandre Dumas, Sr., and of Théophile Gautier's poetry. At school, both are mediocre students who excel each in one scholastic exercise—Flaubert is awarded first prize in history, Baudelaire third prize in Latin poetry. They are too preoccupied with literature, too conscious of the first awakenings of their latent genius. Having no respect for their professors, they spend their time as best suits their fancy. Flaubert writes letters to his cherished friend, Ernest Chevalier: Lundi soir, 15 avril 1839, classe du sire Amyot, théorie des éclipses, lequel a l'esprit bougrement éclipsé.

scholarly journals Fiction as a Medium of Social Communication in 19th Century France

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Sabina Pstrocki-Sehovic ◽  
Sabina Pstrocki-Sehovic
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Comedie Humaine ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fleurs Du Mal

This article will present the extent to which literature could be viewed as means of social communication – i.e. informing and influencing society – in 19thcentury France, by analysing the appearance of three authors at different points:  the beginning, the middle and the end of the century. The first is the case of Balzac at the beginning of the 19th Century who becomes the most successful novelist of the century in France and who, in his prolific expression and rich vocabulary, portrays society from various angles in a huge opus of almost 100 works, 93 of them making his Comédie humaine. The second is the case of Gustave Flaubert whose famous novel Madame Bovary, which depicts a female character in a realist but also in a psychologically conscious manner, around the mid-19th century reaches French courts together with Les Fleurs du Mal by Charles Baudelaire and is exposed as being socially judged for its alleged immorality. The last is the political affair of Dreyfus and its defender Emile Zola, the father of naturalism. This case confirms the establishment of more intense relations between writer and politics and builds a solid way for a more conscious and everyday political engagement in the literary world from the end of the 19th century onwards. These three are the most important cases which illustrate how fiction functioned in relation to society, state and readership in 19th century France.

Hashishdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Theophile Gautier ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Alexandre Dumas ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

By the 1840s cannabis was beginning to be used in Western societies, particularly in France and America; as the century progressed, it enjoyed some popularity among physicians and psychiatrists. By the early twentieth century, philosophers such as Ernst Bloch and particularly Walter Benjamin were experimenting with the drug. This chapter is a discussion of the reception and use of hashish, primarily in the nineteenth century. As well as exploring its relationship with the Orient in the minds of users, it discusses its emergence as a technology of transcendence. Of particular significance in this respect was the work of Fitz Hugh Ludlow, particularly The Hasheesh Eater. However, other figures are discussed, including Jacques-Joseph Moreau de Tours, Alexandre Dumas, Théophile Gautier, and Charles Baudelaire.

Baudelaire und die Moderne

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Oei
Keyword(s):  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Fleurs Du Mal ◽  
French Romanticism

Bernd Oei’s overview of the work and impact of Charles Baudelaire begins with an analysis of the translation losses in Baudelaire's main work, “Les Fleurs du Mal”. Based on selected poems by Baudelaire, a comparison with romantics and modern literary figures follows. Essays and aphorisms create references to aesthetics and art reception, to philosophical hermeneutics as well as central terms "spleen" and "ideal". A comparison with Rimbaud, Lautréamont, Mallarmé and Trakl illustrates the continuation of Baudelaire's ideas in symbolism, surrealism, “l’art pour l’art” and expressionism. A comparison with Heine sensitizes to differences in German and French romanticism and forms of poetic revolt.

scholarly journals A forma é o real: Flaubert lido por Baudelaire e Maupassant

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnior Vilarino Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Madame Bovary

O romance Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, quanto à sua influência, extrapola os limites de gêneros, épocas e movimentos literários e chega à contemporaneidade na posição de obra paradigmática tanto da inconversibilidade do real pela literatura quanto da irredutibilidade do literário a realidades pré-existentes. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que os escritores Charles Baudelaire e Guy de Maupassant ressaltam, em textos críticos sobre Madame Bovary, o formalismo e a impessoalidade da narrativa como recursos que instauram a imanência da obra e problematizam a pertença do autor à escola realista. O retorno a essas críticas pode lançar luz sobre experimentações estéticas posteriores em que a representação interroga o estatuto do documento e da referencialidade externa.

scholarly journals Jacques Rancière e a revolução sensível: uma (outra) leitura política de Madame Bovary

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (49) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Daniela Cunha Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Jacques Rancière

O intuito desse texto é pensar como a análise empreendida por Jacques Rancière em torno do livro Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, daria a ver um entrelaçamento entre estética e política latente tanto na história de Emma Bovary quanto nas críticas a ela dedicadas. Passando especialmente pelas interpretações de Charles Baudelaire e de Jean-Paul Sartre pretende-se apresentar a ideia de que o modo como ambos pensam os gestos e atitudes da personagem é, antes de tudo, político. Se Sartre aproxima o tema de Emma a uma discussão política pela via da práxis e do imaginário, Rancière apresenta uma leitura do romance que não apenas coloca-o em outra chave de visibilidade como também, a partir desse novo olhar, reinterpreta o próprio campo estético em suas relações com a política. Trata-se de pensar o poder de afetar e transformar vidas que a materialidade do sensível do texto daria a ver; de pensar aquilo que compreende como uma revolução sensível. Desse modo, a aproximação da personagem Emma ao pensamento político da emancipação se dará pela via da partilha do sensível que tanto a personagem quanto os proletários das revoluções francesas do século XIX teriam empreendido ao exceder a ligação entre um modo de aparecer e um modo de ser.

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