Neff on Oregon Woodpeckers A Study of the Economic Status of the Common Woodpeckers in Relation to Oregon Horticulture Johnson A. Neff

The Auk ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals A study on nutritional status of adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573
Author(s):  
Sikata Nanda ◽  
Rabi Narayan Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Common

Background: Nutritional status of adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected in comparison to boys because of limited resources and health care facilities. In the present study we have done assessment of nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha, having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered to assess the nutritional status of tribal adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe to study the different factors associated with the nutritional status of the girls and to suggest remedial measures for integrated development of the adolescent girls. Results: Most of the girls (81%) were from nuclear family. All girls belonged to low socio economic status. The energy intake was adequate only in 35% of study subjects. The protein intake was adequate in only 38% of study subjects. The common types of food consumed was rice, ragi and seasonal fruits and all were non vegetarian. Conclusions: The widespread problem of poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of sanitary living condition, ignorance of cause of disease still are the contributing factors for the deplorable condition prevailing amongst the adolescent girls of the tribal group. As they are future mothers, improvement of nutritional status should be the primary objective. 

Living Independently Is Good: Residence Patterns in Rural North China Reconsidered

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Filial Piety ◽  
North China ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Family Based

Filial piety provides an important ideological basis for family-based support in China. Evidence indicates that in recent years the support of the aged within the Chinese extended family has decreased. This article examines filial piety, residence, and support arrangements in three rural Chinese villages. Anthropologists independently conducted research in these villages in the 1990s: Hong Zhang in Zhongshan Village in Hubei Province, Yunxiang Yan in Xiajia Village in Heilongjiang Province, and myself in Lijia Village in Shandong Province. This article examines the strategies used by the young and old in negotiating intergenerational support and residential arrangements within the context of local village circumstances and policies. In each village, the aged are increasingly likely to live apart from children, and to express a preference for living independently. Although these facts appear to contradict filial piety, filial piety continues to be valued. Filial respect of elders, however, is seen less as an inherent right and more as a reciprocal relationship that can be built, maintained, and lost. Housing policies and the economic status of the aged both appear to play an important role in explaining the common trends in these villages as well as explaining the differences between them. To varying degrees in each village, power has shifted to the younger generation.

scholarly journals Molecular genetics in psychiatric epidemiology: the promise and challenge

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
D. H. R. BLACKWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Psychiatric epidemiology is becalmed. Since mid-century, there has been substantial progress in finding risk factors for the common mental disorders of anxiety and depression. This has been almost entirely within a social paradigm. Much has been learned about the effects of interpersonal and other social exposures across the lifespan in contributing to these disorders (Brown & Harris, 1978, 1989; Paykel, 1992; Blazer, 1995; Henderson, 1988, 1999). But the range of possibly causal variables has been narrow: demography, socio-economic status, childhood experiences, recent exposure to adversity and the availability of social support. The dominant paradigm has been environmental exposure, examining how experiences that arise outside the individual may have an enduring impact on mental health. The environment in question has been interpersonal or social. Within this paradigm, no new hypotheses of major significance have emerged in recent years.Epidemiologists have known that the biological domain might be important in aetiology, but for the common mental disorders it has been largely passed over. Properties of the adult brain, whether innate or moulded by environmental exposures, have only rarely been accessible. With the advances in molecular genetics, this is changing (Rutter & Plomin, 1997). For epidemiology, there is now the possibility of bringing molecular genetics into studies of aetiology. Because of the significance of this development, we present a critical assessment of the prospects for population-based research using molecular genetics, the work already reaching publication and the methodological issues that are arising.

Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Use of Antenatal Care Services by Women Aged 15 to 49 Years in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Duy Kien ◽  
Tej Ram Jat ◽  
Tran Van Phu ◽  
Le Manh Cuong ◽  
Vu Thi Mai Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
The Common ◽  
Concentration Indices

Despite considerable variations in the use of antenatal care (ANC) services in Vietnam, limited information is available on socioeconomic inequalities concerning the use of ANC services. This study aimed to assess the trends and changes in socioeconomic inequalities in the use of ANC services by women aged 15 to 49 years in Vietnam from 2006 to 2014. We used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2014. The percentage of women who received ANC services increased significantly from 26.5% in 2006 to 42.7% in 2011 and reached 56.6% in 2014. We found a decreasing trend in the concentration indices of the use of ANC services from 0.36 in 2006 to 0.19 in 2014. The common factors significantly associated with the higher percentage of the use of ANC services in 2006, 2011, and 2014 were women belonging to the Kinh and Hoa ethnic groups and belonging to wealthier groups. Our study showed a reduction in socioeconomic inequality in the use of ANC services between 2004 and 2014. However, significant inequalities still exist in the use of ANC services based on women’s education, ethnicity, and economic status.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-580
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Special Session ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Preparatory Work ◽  
Regular Session

Thirty-one of the 35 contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) attended meetings of the inter-sessional committee of GATT from April 24 to 28, 1957 to discuss among other matters the procedure to be followed for considering the European Common Market Treaty and to examine a complaint from the government of Denmark concerning exports of subsidized eggs from the United Kingdom. In regard to the first of these matters, it was reported that the committee reached no decision on whether it would be better to call a special session of the contracting parties, as suggested by the delegate from Japan, or whether it should be considered at the regular session to be held in October. It was decided to draw up a program of preparatory work, to extend over several months, including consultations with the interim committee appointed by the signatories of the treaty. The work would be supervised by the GATT Secretariat, and the inter-sessional committee would meet at an appropriate date to arrange for definitive discussions on whether the articles of the treaty conformed with the requirements of GATT. It was reported that in the course of the discussion Japan voiced a complaint against the fact that overseas territories of the Common Market nations would be associated with the Common Market on a privileged economic status.

Caries Epidemiology and Community Dentistry: Chances for Future Improvements in Caries Risk Groups. Outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium, Greifswald, 2014. Part 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Splieth ◽  
Jette Christiansen ◽  
Lyndie A. Foster Page
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Saturday Afternoon ◽  
Community Dentistry ◽  
Healthy Schools ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Programmes

This paper reviews the first part of the outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2014 dealing with ‘caries epidemiology and community dentistry: chances for future improvements in caries risk groups'. After the caries decline in many countries, there are remaining pockets of higher caries levels, mostly in the primary dentition and/or linked to a low socio-economic status (SES). The review into the evidence of caries-preventive measures clearly points to the use of fluorides, especially toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and collective measures such as water fluoridation. In contrast to several unsuccessful high-risk approaches, community and public health programmes seem to be able to ensure a population-wide access and compliance in risk groups. Their simple and evidence-based measures mostly combine regular plaque removal and fluoride applications via toothbrushing, at least for children and adolescents. For the future, the common risk factor approach which addresses associations between oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol use and stress should lead to combined efforts with other community health and education specialists. Further engagement with public policy, community leaders and administration is needed in order to strengthen healthy choices and behaviour, e.g. in ‘healthy' schools and kindergartens. It seems advisable that these population programmes also aim at improving upstream factors.

Commercial Society and Christian Virtue: The Mandeville-Law Dispute

1989 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Nieli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Bernard Mandeville ◽  
Material Progress

From earliest apostolic and patristic times, Christian writers have generally been suspicious of the common human desire to improve one's economic status. In Britain, however, by the end of the seventeenth century, this suspicion had all but vanished as most Christians began to accommodate themselves to the exigencies of an increasingly dynamic commercial society. This article takes up the early eighteenth-century controversy over the compatibility of traditional Christian moral virtues with the demands of economic and material progress as reflected in the writings of the two most important antagonists in the controversy, Bernard Mandeville and William Law. Although both Mandeville and Law spoke the language of Christian rigorism and perfectionism, and proclaimed attachment to the full austerity of the Christian Gospels, Mandeville, it is explained, was really a hedonist in disguise who feigned attachment to traditional Christian and Stoic ascetic principles merely to be able to discredit those principles. Law, it is explained, was a man of uncommon piety and devoutness who was shocked by the increasing secularism and materialism of his age, and who sought to recall his contemporaries to a life of true Christian holiness. The article concludes with an evaluation of the relative merits of the positions of each of the two thinkers.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Subsequent Childbirth between Marriage Years in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12560
Author(s):  
Jeongok Park ◽  
Kyoungjin Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with subsequent childbirth between the marriage years of 1996–2005 (Group 1) and 2006–2015 (Group 2) using the 2015 National Survey. A total of 5097 eligible participants (2492 and 2605 women in each group, respectively) were included. The main variables consisted of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, value for child and son, and social support for raising child. For statistical analysis, discrete-time hazard models were used. The common factors associated with subsequent childbirth in both groups were son preference (Group 1: HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, Group 2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.24) and the favorable value on children (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25, HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22). Only in Group 2, age at the first childbirth (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.31–1.39) and more monthly income (≥4600, <6000: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04–1.33, ≥6000: HR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00–1.32) were significantly associated with subsequent children. Whereas, working women (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78–0.94) were less likely to have subsequent children. To increase fertility in Korea, the government must provide childcare and deal with factors associated with low fertility considering the reduction in role incomparability for women due to changes in demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Incidence of Nematode Infections among the Children brought to ICDDR, B Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Farhana Muznebin ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Anoware Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Helminthic Infection ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
The Common

Helminthic infection due to nematodes is a major public health problem in the developing and underdeveloped countries including Bangladesh. This is due to poor hygienic habits and living condition of the majority of the population. The common nematodes found in Bangladesh are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale etc. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancylostomiasis appear to flourish in the communities where the socio-economic status is dominated by poverty, poor housing, insufficient sanitation and a need of health education (Crompton 1988).   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2157   J. bio-sci. 15: 159-164, 2007

scholarly journals Adolescence and the consumption of psychoactive substances: the impact of the socioeconomic status

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (spe) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Maria Machado Pratta ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Variable Distribution ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have pointed that it is necessary to define the impact of specific dimensions of the social-economic context that can work as risk factors regarding drug addiction. This study aimed to verify potential relationships between the drug addiction during adolescence and the social-economic level. A total of 568 adolescents participated in this study answering an anonymous self-filled questionnaire. The analyses involved the description of the variable distribution in the sample and statistical analyzes to determine the differences found. Contrary to the common sense, adolescents from the higher social classes presented a significant higher perceptual of alcohol, tobacco, weed and solvent consumption when compared to their counterparts from lower social classes. These data suggest the importance of studies that seek to clarify the possible influences of the social-economic status on the consumption of drugs among adolescents.

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